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1、ObjectClauses 宾语从句宾语从句课程内容1.什么是宾语2.引导词引导词3. thatthat不可省略的情况不可省略的情况4.if if 和和WhetherWhether的区别的区别5.语序语序6.否定前移7.时态时态8.it做形式宾语 9 9. .运用虚拟语气的情况运用虚拟语气的情况1010. .宾语从句专项练习宾语从句专项练习1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethe
2、time?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydontyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态由从属连词由从属连词 tha
3、t 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3e.g. 1.Ihear(that)_.2.Hesaid(that)_.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmoves由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注：that
4、 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略aroundthesunthatthat不可省略的情况不可省略的情况宾语从句宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。egIbelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetterB当it作形式宾语时（常用在thinkfindmakeconsider之后）即it（形式宾语）+补语之后egShema
5、deitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhimC当宾语从句前置时egThatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve.D.宾语前有插入语eg.Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.E.在except等介词之后eg.Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow_.2.Askhim_.3.Iwonder_.4.Couldyoutellme_? if(whether)he
6、willgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/ whether “是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。等后。whether(if) MrLiliveshere 动词动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或或 if 皆可，而
7、不用皆可，而不用 that。 Do you doubt that he will win? I dont doubt that your proposition is wrong. He doubts whether/if I know it. 只能用whether不能用if 的情况1. 在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2. 在动词不定式前在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) ：They aske
8、d me whether to go skating.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.Practice timeif / whether1. I asked
9、 her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_?3. He asked_.4. Do you know _?5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _?7. Could you
10、 tell me _? who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任代词或副词连接主句和从句，
11、并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序二、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idontknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idontknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句主句+连接词连接词+
12、从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what, who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：eg:Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewho is over there?Canyoutellmewho he is?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语否定的转移否定的转移若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expec
13、t, guess, imagine等，等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well. Idontthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。Idontbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。我认为你今天无法完成工作。vI know he lives here .vI know h
14、e lived here ten years ago . vI have heard that he will come tomorrow .三、时态三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而定。根据实际情况而定。2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时）， 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived
15、 here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. vHe said that he had seen it .Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时， 仍用一般现在时。仍用一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.H
16、etoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3.I hear they _ (return) it already. 4.He said that they _ members of t
17、he Party since 1948. (be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) will be goes have returned had been risesit it做形式宾语做形式宾语1.在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。（做形式宾语。（think.findmake.consider之后）动词动词+it +形容词或惯用搭配形容词或惯用搭配+ that从句从句+ 其他其他例：例
18、：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) 2.有些动词如有些动词如like, dislike, hate, enjoy, appreciate，depend on, rely on ,have, take等，其后的宾语从句通常也用等，其后的宾语从句通常也用it作形式作形式主语。（这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语）主语。（这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语）I hate it when someone speaks to me with his mouth full.运用
19、虚拟语气的情况运用虚拟语气的情况 在表示：在表示：建议建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求要求demand 、desire、request； 决定决定 decide; 命令命令 order、command、require; 坚决主张坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气虚拟语气） egIsuggestedthatyou（should）studyhardHeorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce作形容词的宾语，例如：作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive m
20、ade a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可等。也可以将此类词后的以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从从
21、句的看作原因状语从句句。宾语从句宾语从句三要素三要素时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweeken
22、dornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC Practice5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaiti
23、ngD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wa
24、sntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBCD将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on th
25、e way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9
26、.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. 5. 5. 连词连词+ +宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+to do+to dovI dont know what I shall do next . I dont know what to do next .vShe didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide which one to choose .vPlease tell me whom youll give the letter to . Please tell me whom to give the letter to .
