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1、Text Analysis- StructurePart 1 (Para 1-3) Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. There are three groups of people who are likely to suffer from iron deficiency. Part 2 (Para 4-6) Iron deficiency is very common among women. The causes for iron deficiency amo
2、ng women.Part 3 (Para 7-12) The effects of iron deficiency on peoples health and the importance of checking iron reserves. Text in Part IIronandtheEffectsofExercisePara1.Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.Nowanewstudybyat
3、eamofPurdueUniversityresearcherssuggeststhatevenmoderateexercisemayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen. Para2.“Wefoundthatwomenwhowerenormallyinactiveandthenstartedaprogramofmoderateexerciseshowedevidenceofironloss,saysRoseanneM.Lyle,associateprofessoratPurdue.Herstudyof62formerlyinactivewomenwhobega
4、nexercisingthreetimesaweekforsixmonthswaspublishedinthejournalMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise.Para3.“Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookironsupplementswereabletobounceback,shenotes.“Butthenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshowedadecreaseinironlevels.Language points in Part I缺铁的几种表达方式缺铁的几种表达方
5、式irondeficiencyreducedironinthebloodofshowevidenceofironlossshowadecreaseinironlevelsLanguage points in Part ITypical patterns for showing the results of sb.s observation / scientific research原句原句: :NowanewstudybyateamofPurdueUniversityresearcherssuggeststhatevenmoderateexercisemayleadtoreducedironi
6、nthebloodofwomen.(L.2)译文译文: :由珀杜大学一组研究人员进行的一项新的研究表明由珀杜大学一组研究人员进行的一项新的研究表明: :即即使是适度的锻炼使是适度的锻炼, ,也可能会降低女性血液中铁离子的含量。也可能会降低女性血液中铁离子的含量。Anewstudy(research/opinionpoll/survey)bysb.suggests/indicatesthat某人进行的一某人进行的一项新的研究项新的研究(科研民意测验调查科研民意测验调查)表明表明a.a.这个科研小组进行的一项新研究表明全球温室效这个科研小组进行的一项新研究表明全球温室效这个科研小组进行的一项新研究
7、表明全球温室效这个科研小组进行的一项新研究表明全球温室效应已对生物环境产生了破坏性的影响。应已对生物环境产生了破坏性的影响。应已对生物环境产生了破坏性的影响。应已对生物环境产生了破坏性的影响。Anewstudybythisresearchteamsuggeststhattheglobalgreenhouseeffecthasproducedadestructiveimpactonthebiologicalenvironment.b. b. b. b. 一系列的科研表明一系列的科研表明一系列的科研表明一系列的科研表明, , , ,运动有助于老年人增强平衡运动有助于老年人增强平衡运动有助于老年人增
8、强平衡运动有助于老年人增强平衡能力和增长力气。能力和增长力气。能力和增长力气。能力和增长力气。Asuccessionofscientificstudiesindicatesthatexercisecanhelpimprovebalanceandstrengthinelderlyindividuals.1.Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.(Ll-2) endurance n. 忍耐,忍耐力e.g. He
9、 showed remarkable endurance throughout his struggle with the cancer. 在整个与癌症作斗争期间,他表现出非同一般的在整个与癌症作斗争期间,他表现出非同一般的忍受能力。忍受能力。Long distance runners need great endurance. 长跑运动员需要有很大的耐力长跑运动员需要有很大的耐力 moderatea.1. average in amount, quality, etc.; not extreme2. of or having (usu. political) opinions that ar
10、e not extreme Theroomisofmoderatesize-justrightforasmallfamily.这间屋中等大小,正好适合一个小家庭住。这间屋中等大小,正好适合一个小家庭住。 FOR EXAMPLE:Thedeputyofthepartyleaderismoremoderateinherviews.该党派领袖的副手观点比较温和。该党派领袖的副手观点比较温和。 Antonym:moderateimmoderateimconsumevt.consumevt.1. eat or drink2. use, esp. in large amounts consumevt.wh
11、olly totakeassume假定假定presume推测推测FOR EXAMPLE:Heconsumesvastquantitiesofmeatwitheverymeal. 他每餐都吃大量的肉。他每餐都吃大量的肉。 Thisistime-consumingwork.这是一项需要时间的工作这是一项需要时间的工作. Word Using1. supplement n. (L10) Translationa multiple vitamin and mineral supplementa special supplement to a monthly financial magazineThey
12、 are doing extra jobs outside their regular ones to supplement their incomes.复合维生素和矿物质补剂复合维生素和矿物质补剂复合维生素和矿物质补剂复合维生素和矿物质补剂一份金融月刊的特别增刊一份金融月刊的特别增刊一份金融月刊的特别增刊一份金融月刊的特别增刊除了常规工作外,他们还干些零活,以补充收入。除了常规工作外,他们还干些零活,以补充收入。除了常规工作外,他们还干些零活,以补充收入。除了常规工作外,他们还干些零活,以补充收入。 to bounce back ( (遭受挫败损失后遭受挫败损失后) )很快恢复很快恢复他他厄
13、厄运运不不断断,但但似似乎乎每每次次都都能恢复元气。能恢复元气。 Heshadnoendofbadluck,buthejustseemstobouncebackeverytime.Text in Part IIPara.4Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.Buttheratioisevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentoffema
14、leenduranceathletes.Thismeans,Lylesays,thattoomanywomenignoretheamountofirontheytakein;.Womenofchild-bearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.Andbecause
15、womenoftenrestricttheirdietinanefforttocontrolweight,theymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliabletoexperienceadeficiency. Para.5“Theaveragewomantakesinonlytwothirdsoftherecommendeddailyallowanceforiron,notesanotherexpert.“Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisema
16、ybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency,notestheexpert.Para6.Exercisecanresultinironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.Someironislostinsweat,and,forunknownreasons,intenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociatedwithbleedingofthedigestivesystem.Athletesinhigh-impactsportssuchasrunningmayalso
17、loseironthroughaphenomenonwheresmallbloodvesselsinthefeetleakblood.Part II(Paras. 4-6)MainIdea:Causeforirondeficiencyamongwomen.CauseandEffectEffect:Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.(Para.4)General causes for the
18、effect:(1)Theyignoretheamountofirontheytakein;(2)Womensmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss;(3)Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.(4)Womenoftenexperienceadeficiencyasaresultoftheirefforttocontrolweight.(Para.4)Effect:Butt
19、heratio(ofirondeficiencyinwomen)isevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentoffemaleenduranceathletes.(Para.4)Specificcausesfortheeffect:(1)Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency.(Para.5)(2)Someironislos
20、tinsweat,and,forunknownreasons,intenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociatedwithbleedingofthedigestivesystem.(Para. 6)(3)Athletesinhigh-impactsportssuchasrunningmayalsoloseironthroughaphenomenonwheresmallbloodvesselsinthefeetleakblood.(Para.6)Language points in Part IIWhat is white meat and red meat
21、 ?whitemeat:chicken,porkredmeat:beef,muttonrespectivelyad.Meaning separately or in turnrespectful a.respectable a.respective a.respecting prep.respectful a.respectable a.respectful a.去尊重别人去尊重别人尊敬的尊敬的,有礼貌的有礼貌的respectable a.别人尊重自己别人尊重自己受人尊敬的受人尊敬的,高尚的高尚的与与“尊重尊重”无关无关分别的分别的,各自的各自的关于关于He is a _ professor
22、and we are _.After class, we went back to our _ dorms.We went to visit our _ mothers.respectablerespectfulrespectiverespective2. respectively ad. (L14)源词源词 respect (v./n.)ComparisonComparisonrespectiverespective: individual 各自的;分别的各自的;分别的respectfulrespectful: showing respect toward sb./sth. 恭敬的;表示尊重
23、的(对待某人恭敬的;表示尊重的(对待某人/某物)某物)respectablerespectable: considered by society to be good, proper or correct ; deserving respect 体面的;正确的;值得尊敬的体面的;正确的;值得尊敬的2. respectively ad. (L14)Blank fillingrespective respectful respectable 1.They listened in _ silence.2.He was born in a _ family.3.We went to visit our
24、 _ mothers.respectfulrespectablerespective3. risk n./v. (L18)PhrasesPhrases be at risk; take/run risks; risk ones life e.g. Up to 2,000 jobs are still at riskat risk.仍有多达仍有多达2,000人有失业的危险。人有失业的危险。He took a risktook a risk when he crossed the old bridge.他冒险过这座旧桥。他冒险过这座旧桥。He risked his liferisked his l
25、ife when he saved the kid from the fire.他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出来。他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出来。5. liable a. (L24)1) likely; 2) suffering (from)PhrasePhrase be liable to do sth.Use itWhat is a person liable to do when he/she is very tired/angry ? He/she is liable to when 6. allowance n. (L26)1) the amount allowed or gran
26、ted限额,定量限额,定量e.g. : Most of our flights have a baggage allowanceallowance of 20kg per passenger. 我们的大多数航班容许每位旅客免费带我们的大多数航班容许每位旅客免费带20公斤行李。公斤行李。 What is your weekly allowance of milk?Use ite.g. The manager traveled on business with an allowanceallowance that covered hotel and restaurant bills.这位经理出差时
27、有包括食宿的补贴。这位经理出差时有包括食宿的补贴。2) Something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a specific purpose津贴,补贴等津贴,补贴等6. allowance n. (L26) to tip over the edge 引起显著变化引起显著变化;(;(使使) )进入另一种状态进入另一种状态Amonthscontinuoushigh-temperatureclimatetippedthedroughtinJiangxiProvinceovertheedgeintomoreseriousness.
28、一个月的持续一个月的持续高温天气使江高温天气使江西省的旱情更西省的旱情更加严重。加严重。digestvt.1. change (food) in the stomach so that it can be used by the body 2. understand and remember FOR EXAMPLE:Fishiseasytodigestwhenyoureill.生病时,吃鱼是容易消化的。生病时,吃鱼是容易消化的。 Thereportcontainstoomuchtodigestatonereading.报告内容太多,读一次无法报告内容太多,读一次无法全部领会。全部领会。dige
29、stivea.Meaning: of digesting (of food)Digestivesystem:Thedigestivesystemisaseriesofholloworgansjoinedinalong,twistingtubefromthemouthtotheanus.Insidethistubeisaliningcalledthemucosa.Inthemouth,stomach,andsmallintestine,themucosacontainstinyglandsthatproducejuicestohelpdigestfood.Text in Part IIIPara
30、.7Therearethreestagesofirondeficiency.Thefirstandmostcommonishavinglowironreserves,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.Inthethirdand
31、finalstage,peopleoftenfeelweak,tired,andoutofbreathandexerciseperformanceisseverelycompromised.Para.8“Peoplethinkthatiftheyrenotatthethirdstage,nothingiswrong,butthatsnottrue,saysJohnL.Beard,whohelpeddesignthePurduestudy.“Yourenotstage3untilyourironreservesgotozero,andifyouwaituntilthatpoint,yourein
32、trouble.Para.9However,mostpeoplewithlowironreservesdontknowtheyhaveadeficiency,becausetraditionalmethodsofcalculatingtheamountofironinblood(bycheckinglevelsofthebloodproteinthattransportsoxygen)arenotsufficient,Beardstates.Instead,itsimportanttochecklevelsofadifferentcompound,whichindicatestheamount
33、ofstorageofironintheblood.Whileactive,child-bearingagewomenaremostlikelytohavelowironstores,henotes,Menarenotsafe,especiallyiftheydonteatmeatandhaveahighlevelofphysicalactivity.(Anestimated15percentofmalelongdistancerunnershavelowironstores.)Beardandotherexpertssayitsadvisableforpeopleinthesegroupst
34、ohaveayearlybloodtesttocheckbloodironreserves.Part III(Paras. 7-9)MainIdea:Theauthormakesclearboththeeffectsofirondeficiencyonpeopleshealthandtheimportanceofcheckingironreservestoactivepeople.ThreestagesofirondeficiencyThreestagesofirondeficiencyunosymptomsufatigueandpoorperformanceuoftenfeelweak,ti
35、red.StagesofirondeficiencysymptomsStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Language points in Part IIITypicalpatternsforargumentation原句原句: :Peoplethinkthatiftheyrenotatthethirdstage,nothingiswrong,butthatsnottrue.(L.40)译文译文:人们认为,人们认为,只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。题。这种看法是不对的这种看法是不对的.Some/Manypeoplethink/believe/claimt
36、hat,butthis/that(statement)isnot/maynotbetrue/thecase.一些一些/很多人认为很多人认为/声称声称,但是这种但是这种/那种看那种看/说法是说法是/也许是不正确也许是不正确的。的。a.a.有些人认为他们的学习随着学业的结束而结束。这种有些人认为他们的学习随着学业的结束而结束。这种看法是不正确的。学校所做的只是教给学生学习的方法,看法是不正确的。学校所做的只是教给学生学习的方法,为其在今后生活中继续学习做准备。为其在今后生活中继续学习做准备。Somepeoplethinkthattheireducationendsupwiththeirgradua
37、tion,butthatisnottrue.Whatschoolsdoisonlytoteachstudentstricksoflearningandpreparethemforcontinuedlearningintheirlaterlife.b.b.许多人声称他们从不根据广告上说的去买东西。但事许多人声称他们从不根据广告上说的去买东西。但事实可能并不是这样。如今人们不可能对广告视而不见,实可能并不是这样。如今人们不可能对广告视而不见,也不可能不受广告的影响。也不可能不受广告的影响。Manypeopleclaimthattheyneverbuythingsaccordingtowhatadv
38、ertisementssay,butthismaynotbethecase.Nowadays,itsnotpossibletoturnablindeyetoadvertisements;norisitpossibleforonetoavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.phenomenonn.Meaning: C. (pl. phenomena) sth. That exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., esp. sth. which is unusualfatiguen.Meaning: extreme t
39、iredness phenomenonphenomenonfatiguefa乏fat + I + (ar)gueindicatevt.1. show, point or make clear2. show (the direction) by hand signals, lights, etc.FOR EXAMPLE:A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoy life.一个对退休人员的调查表明,大多数退休老人都一个对退休人员的调查表明,大多数退休老人都能独立生活而且享受天伦。能独立生
40、活而且享受天伦。 There are indications that the public librarys readership has been on the rise/increase. 有迹象表明公共图书馆的读者量呈上升趋势。有迹象表明公共图书馆的读者量呈上升趋势。7. sufficient a. (L45)There is no sufficientsufficient evidence to show that he is guilty.e.g. 近形词近形词 efficient 有效率的有效率的 (efficiency n.)派生词派生词 sufficiency (n. )Us
41、e itWhat if you had a lot of money?With sufficient money, I would yearlya.Meaning: every year or once a year -ly加在时间名词之后加在时间名词之后,表示表示“与与.时间一块的时间一块的,每每.的的”e.g.:hourly每小时的每小时的quarterly每季度的每季度的daily每天的每天的nightly每夜的每夜的monthly每月的每月的加在名词之后加在名词之后,表示表示“.的的,有有.特征的特征的”e.g.:manly有男子气概的有男子气概的costly昂贵的昂贵的Main id
42、ea and main devicesStructure of this textLanguage PointsText in Part IVPara.10Ifironlevelsarelow,talkwithaphysiciantoseeifthedeficiencyshouldbecorrectedbymodifyingyourdietorbytakingsupplements.Ingeneral,itsbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet,becauseironsupplementscanhaveserious
43、shortcomings.Supplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingtothrowup,andmaybepoisonousinsomecases.Thebestsourcesofiron,andtheonlysourcesoftheformofironmostreadilyabsorbedbythebody,aremeat,chicken,andfish.Goodsourcesofotherformsofironincludedates,beans,andsomeleafygreenvegetables.Para.11“Selectbreadsandcerea
44、lswiththewordsiron-addedonthelabel,”writessportsdietexpertNancyClark.“Thisaddedironsupplementsthesmallamountthatnaturallyoccursingrains.EatthesefoodswithplentifulVitaminC(forexample,drinkorangejuicewithcerealorputatomatoonasandwich)toenhancetheamountofironabsorbed.”Clarkalsorecommendscookinginironpa
45、ns,asfoodcanderiveironfromthepanduringthecookingprocess.“Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoingupnearly30times,”shewrites.Andpeoplewhoarelikelytohavelowironshouldavoiddrinkingcoffeeorteawithmeals,shesays,sincesubstancesinthesedrinkscaninterfere
46、withironbeingabsorbedintothebody. Para.12“Activewomenneedtobealotmorecarefulabouttheirfoodchoices,”sumsupPurduesLyle.“Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregone,youcanremedythedeficiencybeforeitreallybecomesaproblem.”Part IV(Paras. 10-12)MainIdea:Theauthorgiveshisadviceonhowtoremedyiro
47、ndeficiency.suggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency1)Theauthorgiveshisadvicethroughalistofexamples:(Para.10)(1)Thebestsourcesofironare_,_,and_.(2)Goodsourcesofotherformsofironinclude_,_,andsome_.meat chickenfishdates beansleafygreenvegetables2)TheauthorquotesanexamplefromClarksadviceoncookinginironpans
48、:(Para.11)Clarksadvice:Cookinironpans.Example:“Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoingupnearly30times.”Language points in Part IV1.Typicalpatternsforsuggestion原句原句: :Ingeneral,itsbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet,becausei
49、ronsupplementscanhaveseriousshortcomings.(L.53)译文译文: :一般说来,解决问题的一般说来,解决问题的最好方法是最好方法是在食谱中在食谱中增加增加含铁含铁丰富的食物,丰富的食物,因为因为铁离子补剂可能存在严重缺陷。铁离子补剂可能存在严重缺陷。Itsbetter/suggestive/advisable(forsb.)todosth.(Itsadvisablethatsb.shoulddosth.)byv.+ing.,because(对于对于来说来说)最好是通过最好是通过来来,因为,因为a.a.对于失业者来说最好的方法是通过参加技能培训来提对于失业者
50、来说最好的方法是通过参加技能培训来提高自己的竞争能力,因为劳务市场上竞争力强的人最有高自己的竞争能力,因为劳务市场上竞争力强的人最有机会找到工作。机会找到工作。Itisbetterforthelaid-offtoenhancetheircompetitivepowerbyattendingskilltrainings,becausethestrongestcompetitorshavethebestchanceoffindingjobsinthelabormarket.b.b.人们最好通过完善自我来面对未来的挑战,因为未人们最好通过完善自我来面对未来的挑战,因为未来的冲击不是以人的意志为转移的
51、。来的冲击不是以人的意志为转移的。Itisadvisableforpeopletofaceuptothefuturechallengesbybetteringthemselves,becausethefutureshockisindependentofmanswill.derivevt.1. get or obtain (sth.) (from sth. else)2. have (sth.) as an originFOR EXAMPLE:deriveknowledgefromreadingderiveaconclusionfromfacts从阅读中学到知识从阅读中学到知识从事实推出结论从事
52、实推出结论 Our city is noted for splendid old-fashioned buildings from which tourists can derive great pleasure. 我们的城市以辉煌的古代建筑而闻名,游客可以我们的城市以辉煌的古代建筑而闻名,游客可以从游览中获得很多乐趣。从游览中获得很多乐趣。 9. derive from (L63)He is one of those people who can derivederive pleasure fromfrom helping others.e.g. 1) obtain (especially
53、a feeling or an advantage) from有些人从帮助他人中得到快乐,他便是有些人从帮助他人中得到快乐,他便是其中之一。其中之一。9. derive from (L63)The town derives its name from the river on which it was built.Translation2)come from 这个市镇沿河而建,由此得名。这个市镇沿河而建,由此得名。近形词近形词 deprive deprive : take away from: take away from 剥削,夺去剥削,夺去剥削,夺去剥削,夺去 deprive sb./de
54、prive sb./sthsth. . ofof sthsth. .10. striking a. (L65)Is there anything striking in your life? What is that?Use itvery noticeable; making a strong impression源词源词源词源词 strike strike 敲打;突袭;给敲打;突袭;给敲打;突袭;给敲打;突袭;给印印印印象;罢工象;罢工象;罢工象;罢工2. Sentence Structure : absolute structureLanguage points in Part IVlTh
55、eironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease.lThelevelwentupnearly30times.uTheironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,the level going up nearly 30 times.独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词(作为逻辑主格),独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词(作为逻辑主格),加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介
56、词短语。其作用相当加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。 Sentence AnalysisAppositive 同位语同位语1., says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. (L6)2.The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that
57、typically has no symptoms. (L34)Split the above two sentences into simple sentences respectively.1., says Roseanne M. Lyle. She is an associate professor at Purdue University.2.The first and most common is having low iron reserves. It is a condition that typically has no symptoms. Now combine the fo
58、llowing simple sentences into one sentence by using appositives.The ancient Chinese were a people of inventors and discoverers.The ancient Chinese were a people of philosophers and soldiers.The ancient Chinese were a people of poets and craftsmen.The ancient Chinese gave the world many of its most u
59、seful things.The ancient Chinese, a people of inventors and discoverers, philosophers and soldiers, poets and craftsmen, gave the world many of its most useful things.PracticeonPage42intheTextbookCombinethefollowinggroupsofsentencesafterthemodel,usingabsolutestructure1.Hishomeworkwasdone.2.Hiscompos
60、itionwaswritten.3.Larrydecidedtogoandseethefilm.Hishomeworkdone,hiscompositionwritten,Larrydecidedtogoandseethefilm.2.Themanagersatquietlyintheoffice.Hiseyeswereclosed.Hewaitedforthetelephonetoring.Themanagersatquietlyintheoffice,(his)eyesclosed,waitingforthetelephonetoring.3.Theroomwasinamess.Empty
61、bottlesandbeercanswereeverywhere.Theroomwasinamess,emptybottlesandbeercans(being)everywhere.4.WhenIwalkedin,Grandpawassittingatthekitchentable.Thenewspaperwasspreadbeforehim.WhenIwalkedin,Grandpawassittingatthekitchentable,thenewspaperspreadbeforehim.5.Dianastoodmotionlessattheendofthedivingboard.Te
62、arsstreameddownhercheeks.Dianastoodmotionlessattheendofthedivingboard,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.11. interfere with (L67) Every time the telephone rings it interferesinterferes withwith my work. 电话一响就打断我的工作。电话一响就打断我的工作。e.g. 1)prevent sth. or slow down the progress 2)touch or change sth. without per
63、mission很多人认为科学家不该做干涉大自然的事。 Translation Many people feel that scientists shouldnt interfere with nature.11. interfere with (L67) I have never interfered ininterfered in his affair. 我从不干预他的事。我从不干预他的事。interfere in sth. 指别人未请而自己主动参与interfere with sth. 指阻碍事情发生ComparisonComparison interfere ininterfere in
64、e.g. interferevi.1. prevent sth. From being done or carried out properly2. involve oneself in matters which are combined with other peopleinterfere withinterfere inTotakepartinwithoutbeingwantedTotakepartinwithoutbeingwanted别人未请而自己主动参与别人未请而自己主动参与GetinthewayofGetinthewayof指阻碍事情发生指阻碍事情发生e.g.:e.g.:Ihav
65、eneverinterferedininterferedinhisaffair.我从不干预他的事。我从不干预他的事。Everytimethetelephoneringsitinterferesinterferes withwithmywork.电话一响就打断我的工作。电话一响就打断我的工作。1.InBritainpeople_fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.(CET4,2000-1-62)A)swallowB)disposeC)consumeD)exhaust2.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_businessmanwasre
66、allyacriminal.(CET6,2000-1-39)A)respectiveB)respectableC)respectfulD)realistic3.Whyshouldanyonewanttoread_ofbooksbygreatauthorswhenthepleasurecomesfromreadingoriginals?(CET-6,1997-6)A)themesB)insightsC)digestsD)leaflets4.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave_suppliesofpetroleu
67、m.(CET4,2002-6)A)proficientB)efficientC)potentialD)sufficientC)consumeB) respectableC) digestsD) sufficient新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C E铁与运动的关系铁与运动的关系Para.1运运动动医医学学专专家家经经过过多多年年的的观观察察,发发现现耐耐力力运运动动员员,特特别别是是女女性性,经经常常会会缺缺铁铁。普普渡渡大大学学研研究究人人员员进进行行的的一一项项新新的的研研究究表表明明:即即使使是是适适度度的的锻锻炼炼,也也可
68、可能能会会降降低低女女性性血血液液中的铁含量。中的铁含量。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.2“我们发现,那些通常不运动的女性我们发现,那些通常不运动的女性一旦开始适度的锻炼,就会出现铁含量下降一旦开始适度的锻炼,就会出现铁含量下降的迹象,的迹象,”普渡大学罗斯安妮普渡大学罗斯安妮M.莱尔副莱尔副教授说。她对教授说。她对62名妇女进行了研究,并将研名妇女进行了研究,并将研究结果发表在究结果发表在体育运动医学与科学体育运动医学与科学杂志杂志上。这些妇女原先不怎么运动,后来开始了上。这些妇女原先不怎么运动,后来开始了为期为
69、期6个月、每周个月、每周3次的锻炼。次的锻炼。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.3莱尔指出,莱尔指出,“那些增食肉类食品那些增食肉类食品或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢复到健康或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢复到健康状态。但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱状态。但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。的人则显示出铁含量降低。”新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.4a缺铁在女性中是很常见的,每四个缺铁在女性中是很常见的,每四个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁,每
70、五个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁,每五个18至至45岁的女性中有一人缺铁。而在积极锻炼的岁的女性中有一人缺铁。而在积极锻炼的妇女中这一比例更高,女耐力运动员中,缺妇女中这一比例更高,女耐力运动员中,缺铁者比例则高达铁者比例则高达80%。莱尔说,这意味着。莱尔说,这意味着“太多女性忽视了自己摄入的铁含量。太多女性忽视了自己摄入的铁含量。” 新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.4b育龄女性危险最大,因为月经是育龄女性危险最大,因为月经是铁流失的重要原因之一。此外,许多保健铁流失的重要原因之一。此外,许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险
71、,因为她们拒绝意识太强的女性也很危险,因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉,而这些肉中含有的铁最食用牛肉或羊肉,而这些肉中含有的铁最易被吸收。而且,由于女性常常为了控制易被吸收。而且,由于女性常常为了控制体重而节食,从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰体重而节食,从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰富的食物,结果可能导致缺铁。富的食物,结果可能导致缺铁。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.5另另一一名名专专家家指指出出,“普普通通女女性性每每天天摄摄入入的的铁铁只只是是应应摄摄入入量量的的三三分分之之二二。”他他指指出出,“对对于于那那些些已已经经缺缺铁
72、铁的的女女性性,任任何何因因锻锻炼炼而而产产生生的的更更多多铁铁质质流流失失都都足足以以导导致致体内缺铁状况的恶化。体内缺铁状况的恶化。”新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.6运动可能通过多种机制导致铁流运动可能通过多种机制导致铁流失。有些铁随汗液流失。另外,由于某些失。有些铁随汗液流失。另外,由于某些未知的原因,高强度的耐力运动有时会引未知的原因,高强度的耐力运动有时会引起消化系统内出血。运动员从事跑步之类起消化系统内出血。运动员从事跑步之类高强度剧烈运动,也可能会因为足部血管高强度剧烈运动,也可能会因为足部血管失血的
73、现象而使铁质流失。失血的现象而使铁质流失。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.7缺铁分为三个阶段:第一也即最常见的缺铁分为三个阶段:第一也即最常见的阶段,是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症阶段,是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。到了缺铁的第二阶段,就会出现疲倦和力状。到了缺铁的第二阶段,就会出现疲倦和力不从心,此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋不从心,此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子,将氧输至运动肌肉。在第三即最后阶白分子,将氧输至运动肌肉。在第三即最后阶段,人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气,段,人常常感到虚弱
74、、疲乏无力、喘不过气,运动成绩大打折扣。运动成绩大打折扣。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.8“人们认为,只要不到第三阶段就人们认为,只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。这种想法是不对的。不会有什么问题。这种想法是不对的。” 帮助设计普渡大学研究的约翰帮助设计普渡大学研究的约翰L.比尔德比尔德说。说。“只有当你的铁储量为零时,你才会只有当你的铁储量为零时,你才会进入第三阶段。而你若坐等到这个时候,进入第三阶段。而你若坐等到这个时候,你的麻烦就大了。你的麻烦就大了。”新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大
75、学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.9a然然而而,比比尔尔德德指指出出,大大多多数数铁铁质质储储量量低低的的人人并并未未意意识识到到自自己己缺缺铁铁,因因为为传传统统的的检检测测血血液液中中铁铁含含量量的的方方法法检检验验血血液液中中输输送送氧氧气气的的血血蛋蛋白白的的含含量量是是不不够够的的。其其实实,有有必必要要检检查查血血液液中中另另一一种种混混合合成成分分的的含含量量,它可以显示血液中的铁含量。它可以显示血液中的铁含量。 新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.9b他还指出,虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇他还
76、指出,虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇女最有可能铁含量低,女最有可能铁含量低,“但男性也并非不缺但男性也并非不缺铁,尤其是在他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度铁,尤其是在他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度的体力活动的情况下。的体力活动的情况下。”(估计有(估计有15%的男的男性长跑运动员铁含量低。)比尔德和其他专性长跑运动员铁含量低。)比尔德和其他专家都说,对这些人而言,最好每年验一次血,家都说,对这些人而言,最好每年验一次血,以测定血液中的铁含量。以测定血液中的铁含量。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.10a如果铁含量低,就要去看医生,如果铁含
77、量低,就要去看医生,以确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补以确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。剂来校正不足。一般说来,解决问题的最一般说来,解决问题的最好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物,好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物,因为铁质补剂可能存在严重缺陷。因为铁质补剂可能存在严重缺陷。 新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.10b“服服用用铁铁质质补补剂剂可可能能使使人人想想呕呕吐吐,有有时时甚甚至至还还会会引引起起中中毒毒。最最好好的的铁铁来来源源,以以及及唯唯一一最最易易为为身身体体所所吸吸收收的的铁铁来来源
78、源,是是肉肉、鸡鸡和和鱼鱼。其其他他较较好好的的铁铁质质来来源源包包括括枣枣、豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。”新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.11a“选择那些标有选择那些标有加铁加铁字样的字样的面包和麦片,面包和麦片,”运动营养专家南希运动营养专家南希克拉克拉克写道,克写道,“这些增加的铁质补充了谷物中自这些增加的铁质补充了谷物中自然含铁量的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维然含铁量的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维生素生素C C的食物一起食用的食物一起食用比如吃麦片时喝比如吃麦片时喝橘子汁,或在三明治内夹上
79、番茄橘子汁,或在三明治内夹上番茄可以促可以促进铁质吸收。进铁质吸收。”新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.11b克拉克还建议用铁锅烹食,因为烹克拉克还建议用铁锅烹食,因为烹调过程中食物能从铁锅中吸收铁质。她写道,调过程中食物能从铁锅中吸收铁质。她写道,“在铁锅内烹煮了在铁锅内烹煮了3个小时的番茄汁,其铁个小时的番茄汁,其铁含量大大提高,增加到原来的含量大大提高,增加到原来的30倍左右。倍左右。”她说,铁含量可能低的人,吃饭时应避免喝她说,铁含量可能低的人,吃饭时应避免喝咖啡或饮茶,因为这些饮料中所含的物质会咖啡或饮茶,因为这些饮料中所含的物质会妨碍身体对铁质的吸收。妨碍身体对铁质的吸收。新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野新视野 大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语N H C EPara.12“运动女性应特别注意选择饮运动女性应特别注意选择饮食。食。”普渡大学的莱尔总结说:普渡大学的莱尔总结说:“如如果你在铁含量流失之前就注意到了警告果你在铁含量流失之前就注意到了警告信号,你就可以在它真正成为问题之前信号,你就可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁质的不足。弥补铁质的不足。”