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1、什么是状语？什么是状语从句？什么是状语？什么是状语从句？He left his hometown ten years ago.用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，即为状语即为状语(adverbial modifier)。He left his hometown when he was a teenager.由句子来充当状语的成分，即为由句子来充当状语的成分，即为状语从句。状语从句。主语 谓语宾语状语知识建构什么是状语？什么是状语从句？He left his u陈述句语序u时态u引导词状语从句三要素陈述句语序 状语从句同状语从句同副词、介词
2、短语副词、介词短语等作状语一样，用等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语或整个句子，说明它发生的于修饰谓语或整个句子，说明它发生的时间、地点、时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、目的、结果方式、条件、原因、目的、结果等，即等，即在复合句中，在复合句中，状语从句有其不同的种类和意义。状语从句有其不同的种类和意义。 考点梳理 状语从句同副词、介词短语等作状语一样，状语从句分类状语从句 分类1时间状语从句9比较状语从句6结果状语从句8方说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间状语从句可以由以下连词或词组引导ABCwhen当当时时before在在之前之前as soon as一一就就while在在期间期间after在在之后之
3、后the moment一一就就as随着随着since自从自从以来以来到到现在为止现在为止the minute一一就就whenever无论何时无论何时till/ until直到直到every/ each time每次每次1.时间状语从句 说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间状When When “当当当当的时候的时候的时候的时候”uu既可指时间段，也可指时间点既可指时间段，也可指时间点既可指时间段，也可指时间点既可指时间段，也可指时间点uu从句中既可用从句中既可用从句中既可用从句中既可用延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词，又可用，又可用，又可用，又可用非延续性动词非延续性动词非延续性动词非
4、延续性动词 uu动作既可和主句的动作动作既可和主句的动作动作既可和主句的动作动作既可和主句的动作同时发生同时发生同时发生同时发生，又可在主句的，又可在主句的，又可在主句的，又可在主句的动作之前动作之前动作之前动作之前或或或或之后之后之后之后发生发生发生发生WhileWhile“在在在在期间期间期间期间”uu只能表示一段时间只能表示一段时间只能表示一段时间只能表示一段时间uu引导的引导的引导的引导的从句从句从句从句只能是只能是只能是只能是延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词uu只能与主句中的谓语动词只能与主句中的谓语动词只能与主句中的谓语动词只能与主句中的谓语动词同时同时同时同时发生或存在发
5、生或存在发生或存在发生或存在When& While When& While 巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析1.时间状语从句 When “当的时候”While“在When A did sth, B was doing sth.When A did sth, B was doing sth.A did sth when/while B was doing sth.A did sth when/while B was doing sth.A was doing sth when/while B was doing sth.A was doing sth when/while B was doing sth
6、.eg. 1. _ Tom was watching TV, his wife was cooking.2. _ Mary went into the classroom, Vivi was reading.3. Mary went into the classroom, _Vivi was reading.When& While When& While 巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析While/ WhenWhenwhile/ when1.时间状语从句 When A did sth, B wassince 巧巧巧巧记记“自从自从.时候开始到候开始到现在在为止止”，现在完成时态的标，现在完成时态的标志
7、词之一。志词之一。A has/have done sth since B did sth.A has/have done sth since B did sth.A has/have done sth since +A has/have done sth since +过去时间点过去时间点eg.I _(make) many friends since I _ I _(make) many friends since I _ (come) here.(come) here.have madecame时间状语从句 since 巧记have madecame辨析：辨析： 1.until/till引引
8、导时间状状语从句用于从句用于肯定句肯定句时，主句的主句的动词是延是延续性性动词，表示，表示动作作/状状态一直持一直持续到到until/till所表示的所表示的时间，意，意为“某某动作一直延作一直延续到某到某时间点才点才停止停止”。 We waited until he came.2.用于用于否定句否定句时即即not.until. ，主句，主句谓语动词是非延是非延续性性动词，意意为“直到直到.什么什么时候才候才.” He didnt go to bed till/until his mom returned home. “延肯瞬否延肯瞬否”时间状语从句 辨析： 注意注意时态问题：1.主主过从从过
9、 2.主主现从不限从不限 3.主将从主将从现 I will call you as soon as Tom gets home.时间状语从句 注意时态问题：1.Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you”to the drivers _people get off the bus. A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.when2.-How long have you lived here? -I have lived here _I was two years old. A.beforeB.untilC.becauseD.since3.
10、I ll send you an e-mail as soon as I _in Canada. A.arriveB.am arrivingC.arrivedD.will arrive4.-What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? -He was reading a magazine_I was writing an e-mail at home. A.beforeB.untilC.whileD.sincePractice1.Its quite common in表示地点、表示地点、 方位，方位， 这类从句通常由从句通常由where
11、, wherever引引导，译为“哪里哪里哪里就哪里就”或或“的地方的地方”。u Go back where you came from.你从哪儿来的回哪儿去吧！你从哪儿来的回哪儿去吧！u Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。u You can take a walk wherever you like to.你想去哪就去哪散步吧！你想去哪就去哪散步吧！2.地点状语从句 表示地点、 方位， 这类从句通常由wher用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句。从属连词用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句。从属连词主要有：主要有：b
12、ecause, since, for, as 等。3.原因状语从句 用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句。从属ubecause:回答回答why引导的疑问句，一般位于主句后；引导的疑问句，一般位于主句后； He didnt come to school because he was ill. uas:语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显；语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显； As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.usince：表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的：表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然既然”。Since you cant answ
13、er the question, Ill ask someone else.ufor:并列并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。The oil must be out, for the light went out.because:回答why引导的疑问句，一般位于主句后；ubecause和和so不能同时用在一个句子里不能同时用在一个句子里ubecause和和because of的区别：的区别： because后面跟后面跟从句从句； because of后面跟后面跟名词、代词、动名词名词、代
14、词、动名词等。等。 He is late for school because it rains heavily. He is late for school because of the heavy rain. 巧辨析巧辨析原因状语从句 because和so不能同时用在一个句子里巧辨1. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A. sinceB. becauseC. thatD. because of2. She found her wallet _ she lost it. A. wh
15、ere B. when C. which D. that3. We must camp _ we can get water.A. whereB. when C. whichD. what4. He didnt go to work _ the heavy rain.A. because B. because ofC. sinceD. soPractice1. I was late for clas表示条件，常用的连接词表示条件，常用的连接词: : if, unless, as long as(只要只要)等等。注意：注意：条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样
16、，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。（句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。（主将从主将从现现）eg. We will go to the party if we are invited.4.条件状语从句 表示条件，常用的连接词: if, unleif & unless 巧辨析巧辨析 unless= if.not, “如果不如果不.”。 eg. You will fail unless you study hard.=You will fail if you dont study hard.条件状语从句 if & unless 巧辨析 unless1.Youll be late_yo
17、u dont get up early tomorrow morning. A.if B.when C.before D.until2.If you_him tomorrow, please ask him if he_to work on the farm with us. A.see; goes B.will see; goes C.will see; will go D.see; will go 3.You cant learn it well _ you work hard. A. unless B. if C. since D. because4. _ we try hard, we
18、 will make it.A. Because B. Unless C. As long as D. ForPractice1.Youll be late_y常由常由so that, in order that, so 等词引导，常等词引导，常含有情态含有情态动词动词(may/might/shall/should/will/would/can/could)，常放于主句之后。常放于主句之后。 1.1.他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。 He spoke slowly in order that everyone could understand him. 注意：in orde
19、r that后接句子，in order to后接do sth.。5.目的状语从句 常由so that, in order t表示一种结果，常用的连词：表示一种结果，常用的连词： sothat; suchthat表示表示“如此如此以至于以至于”。sothat： 1.so+形容词副词形容词副词that 2.so+形容词形容词a(an)单数名词单数名词that 3.somany/much/few/little(多多少少多多少少)复数名词复数名词/不可数名词不可数名词+that suchthat：1.sucha(an)形容词可数形容词可数名词单数名词单数that2.such形容词形容词复数名词不可数名
20、词复数名词不可数名词that巧辨巧辨so & such6.结果状语从句 表示一种结果，常用的连词： sothat1. His mother was _ busy _ she cant look after Tom. A. so, that B. such, that C. very , that D. too, to2. He was _ angry that he couldnt say a word. A. so B. too C. very D. much3.There is _ little money that I cant buy the shirt.suchB. so C. mu
21、ch D. many4.He was _ a little boy that everyone takes care of him.A. so B. such C. many D. much小口诀小口诀名词名词suchsuch形副形副soso，多多少少还用多多少少还用soso；LittleLittle一词有多解；一词有多解；小用小用suchsuch，少用，少用soso。Practice1. His mother was _让步状语从句，表示让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，等概念，常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though/although; even thoug
22、h(if); whether.or.; no matter+疑问词疑问词/ 疑问词疑问词-ever等。等。注意：注意：though/although; even though(if)意义相近，但意义相近，但是不能和是不能和but连用。连用。7.让步状语从句 让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概 whether.or. “不论是否不论是否.，不管是，不管是.还是还是.” 由一个复合连词引导让步状语从句，说明正反两方面由一个复合连词引导让步状语从句，说明正反两方面的可能性都不影响主句的意向或结果。的可能性都不影响主句的意向或结果。 You will have to attend the ce
23、remony whether youre free or busy.考点诠释考点诠释让步状语从句 whether.or. “不 no matter+疑问词，疑问词疑问词，疑问词-ever 均可均可引导让步状语从引导让步状语从句时句时。 No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind. 而而“疑问词疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句还可以引导名词性从句 Ill eat whatever you give me. (宾语从句宾语从句)考点诠释考点诠释让步状语从句 no matter
24、+疑问词，疑问词-ev1.Kate went to school _ it rained heavily yesterday.A. though B. if C. but D. since2. Home is always the warmest place, _we go. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever Practice1.Kate went to school 常由常由as(按照按照)，as if/as though（似乎、好像）（似乎、好像）等词引导。等词引导。考点诠释考点诠释 1.as “按照，正如按照，正如”，引导的从句常位于
25、主句后。，引导的从句常位于主句后。 Please do as what I told you.8.方式状语从句 常由as(按照)，as if/as tho考点诠释考点诠释2. as if / as though “仿佛仿佛.似的，好像似的，好像.似的似的”He sounds as if/though he has got a sore throat.注意：注意：as if/though也可以引导一个分词短语或不定式短语。也可以引导一个分词短语或不定式短语。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，好像要说些什么。他清了清嗓子，好
26、像要说些什么。 方式状语从句 考点诠释2. as if / as thoug比较状语从句，常由比较状语从句，常由than/as.as/the more.the more等词等词引导引导;比较状语从句后面的主语，在口语中，常可省略；比较状语从句后面的主语，在口语中，常可省略；比较连词比较连词前后的结构要一致。前后的结构要一致。 than:表表两者两者的比较；的比较； as.as:同级比较；同级比较；as和和as间要加间要加形容词或副词的原级形容词或副词的原级； the more., the more.: 越越., 就越就越.9.比较状语从句 比较状语从句，常由than/as.as考点诠释考点诠释
27、1.肯定句中，用肯定句中，用“as+原级原级+as”句型；句型；否定句中否定句中，用，用“not as/so+原级原级+as”句型句型 Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen. I can not jump as/so high as Jim. 比较状语从句 考点诠释1.肯定句中，用“as+原级+as”句考点诠释考点诠释2.表示甲超过表示甲超过/不及乙时，用不及乙时，用“比较级比较级+从句从句”（从句中常（从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分）省略意义与主句相同的部分） He jumps higher than you (do). 比较状语从句 考点诠释2.表示甲超过
28、/不及乙时，用“比较级+考点诠释考点诠释3.注意：表注意：表“越来越越来越.”的两个句型：的两个句型：1).比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级 The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful.2).the+比较级比较级., the+比较级比较级. The harder you study, the more you can learn.比较状语从句 考点诠释3.注意：表“越来越.”的两个句型1.He doesnt work so hard _ you do. as2.The more you do, _(good)youll become
29、. the better3.She did worse in the test_she expected. thanPractice1.He doesnt work so h1.I will call you when I see him. 2.If you try it, you will like it. 3.Where there is water, there is life. 4.Because he likes the game, he works hard. 5.He works hard so that he can win. 6.Even though he wins, he
30、 is not happy. 7.They tried their best, so they won. 8.Please state the fact just as they are. 9.He runs faster than his father does. 时间时间状语从句状语从句条件条件状语从句状语从句地点地点状语从句状语从句原因原因状语从句状语从句目的目的状语从句状语从句让步让步状语从句状语从句结果结果状语从句状语从句方式方式状语从句状语从句比较比较状语从句状语从句1.I will call you when I see h123理解状语从句的含义理解状语从句的含义;熟记状语从句引导词熟记状语从句引导词;牢记状语从句用陈述句语序；牢记状语从句用陈述句语序；注意易混连词的辨析及用法注意易混连词的辨析及用法;掌握状语从句与时态的结合考查掌握状语从句与时态的结合考查;重点掌握常考的引导词：重点掌握常考的引导词：when/if/so that等等;学法提炼123理解状语从句的含义;牢记状语从句用陈述句
