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1、 课课 前前 热热 身身 体体 验验 课课 内内 重重 点点 操操 练练根据所给的汉语和英文提示完成下列句子根据所给的汉语和英文提示完成下列句子 1. 它将被送往太空，以便发现它的人会它将被送往太空，以便发现它的人会知道我们是谁。知道我们是谁。(so that) It will be sent into space so that anyone who finds it will understand who we are. 2. 也许并非都是这样，但是世界上许多也许并非都是这样，但是世界上许多大城市都建在河岸边，这倒是千真万确。大城市都建在河岸边，这倒是千真万确。(it is true) P
2、erhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the worlds greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river. 3. 建筑物被毁坏，绘画和雕塑成为碎片，建筑物被毁坏，绘画和雕塑成为碎片，散落在地上。散落在地上。(lay) Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground. 4. 在古老的绘画和相片的帮助下，圣彼在古老的绘画和相片的帮助下，圣彼得
3、堡的人们能够恢复他们文化和历史的美得堡的人们能够恢复他们文化和历史的美丽。丽。(bring back) With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history. 5. 每个问题的分值为一分。每个问题的分值为一分。(be worth) Each question is worth one point. 6. 许多运动项目和现在一样。许多运动项目和现在一样。(the same
4、as)Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 7. 此后越来越多的国家参加了运动会。此后越来越多的国家参加了运动会。(join) After that more and more countries joined in the Games.8. 过去妇女是不允许参加运动会的。过去妇女是不允许参加运动会的。(take part)Women were not allowed to take part in the games. 【用法点拨】 1. burn vt. 词 义燃烧；烧毁；使烧焦，烧糊(过去式和过去分词：-t, -t或-ed,
5、-ed； 现在分词：-ing) 必记搭配burn with sth 有强烈的情感，渴望 burn ones fingers/get ones fingers burnt (尤指生意上)没有先见之明蒙受损失，因不慎而吃亏 burn the midnight oil 熬夜，工作或学习到深夜 必掌握词组必掌握词组 burn away 烧光，烧掉烧光，烧掉 burn down (常指建筑物等常指建筑物等)(被被)焚毁焚毁 burn off 烧掉；转晴，驱散云或雾烧掉；转晴，驱散云或雾 burn out 烧光，燃尽，熄灭烧光，燃尽，熄灭 burn up 使烧得更旺；飞驰，飞奔使烧得更旺；飞驰，飞奔 例例
6、This type of coal does not burn very easily. 这种煤不容易烧着。这种煤不容易烧着。 We burned up the motorway. 我们在高速公路上高速驾驶。我们在高速公路上高速驾驶。 The building was burnt out and only the walls remained. 建筑物被烧光了，仅余四壁。建筑物被烧光了，仅余四壁。 Put some more wood on the fire to make it burn up. 加点木柴，使火烧得更旺些。加点木柴，使火烧得更旺些。 高考示例高考示例 Do you smell
7、 something ? A. burned B. burning C. is burnedD. is being burned 【答案答案】B 2. represent vt. 词词 义代表；象征；表示；展现，义代表；象征；表示；展现，描述描述(过去式和过去分词：过去式和过去分词： -ed， -ed；现在现在分词：分词： -ing) 派生词派生词representation n.表现；描述表现；描述 representations n.陈述；抗议陈述；抗议 representative adj.典型的，有代表典型的，有代表性的性的 同同/近义词近义词 stand for； resemble
8、必记搭配必记搭配represent+ n. 代表某人代表某人/某某团体团体 represent oneself to/as be+ n. 声称声称 例She represented her fellow workers at the union meeting.她在工会会议上代表她的同事。The red lines on the map represent railways.You should represent your complaints to the management.Are your opinions representative of those of the other s
9、tudents? 3. include vt. & vi. 词词 义包括，包含义包括，包含(过去式和过过去式和过去分词去分词: -d, -d;现在分词现在分词: including) 派生词派生词 included adj.包括在内包括在内的的 including prep.包括包括在内的在内的 inclusion n.包括，包含包括，包含 inclusive adj.包容广阔的，范围广包容广阔的，范围广范的范的 同同/近义词近义词 contain 必记搭配必记搭配 include sb out 别把别把算在内算在内 例例 Is service included in the bill? In
10、clude me out! (= I dont want to be included.) 别把我算进去！别把我算进去！ All of us, me included (including me) will pay a visit to Mr. Lee. The editor was against the inclusion of a gossip column in the newspaper. 那位编辑反对在报纸上添加漫谈栏目。 高考示例 The result of accident is twenty people injured, eight killed. A. including
11、 B. included C. containing D. contained 【答案】A 4. cause n. & v. 词词 义义n.原因，起因原因，起因 v. 使发生，导致使发生，导致(过去式和过去分词：过去式和过去分词： -d，-d； 现在分词：现在分词： causing) 派生词派生词causal adj.因果关系的因果关系的 causally adv.因果关系地因果关系地 causality n.因果关系，因果性因果关系，因果性 同同/近义词近义词 reason, excuse 必记搭配必记搭配cause sb sth 给某人添麻给某人添麻烦烦 cause sb to do 使得
12、某人使得某人 必掌握词组必掌握词组 cause of 的原因的原因例例They denied that there was any causal connection/link between unemployment and crime. In our view, the root cause/underlying cause of the crime problem is poverty and unemployment. 我们认为贫穷和失业是产生犯罪问题的我们认为贫穷和失业是产生犯罪问题的根本原因。根本原因。 The patients condition is giving cause
13、for concern. 这个病人的状况令人担忧。这个病人的状况令人担忧。 5. prepare vt. & vi. 词词 义把义把准备好，使准备好，使做做好准备好准备(过去式和过去分词：过去式和过去分词： -d，-d； 现在分词：现在分词： -preparing) 派生词派生词prepared adj.事先准备事先准备好的好的 preparation n.准备，预备；安排，准备，预备；安排，筹备筹备 preparatory adj.预备的，准备的预备的，准备的 同同/近义词组近义词组 get ready for 为为做好准备做好准备 必掌握词组必掌握词组prepare for 为为作准作准备
14、备 make preparations for 为为作准备作准备 prepare sb. / oneself for 作好思想准作好思想准备备 be prepared for为为 做好准备做好准备/防范防范 例例Plans for the new school are now in preparation/being prepared. First prepare the rice by washing it, then cook it in boiling water. 首先把米洗好，然后放到开水中煮。首先把米洗好，然后放到开水中煮。 Prepare yourself for a shock
15、. 有件事会让你大吃一惊，你得作好思想有件事会让你大吃一惊，你得作好思想准备。准备。 6. effect n. & v. 词词 义义n.结果；影响结果；影响;效果效果 v.使发生，实现，引起使发生，实现，引起(过去式和过去分过去式和过去分词：词：-ed,-ed；现在分词；现在分词 :-ing) 派生词派生词effective adj.产生预期效果产生预期效果的，有效的的，有效的 effectively adv.有效地；实际上，事实有效地；实际上，事实上上 必掌握词组必掌握词组cause and effect因果因果 come into effect 生效，开始实施生效，开始实施 in effe
16、ct 事实上，实际上事实上，实际上 take effect 开始起作用，见效；生效开始起作用，见效；生效 例例The new system will take effect next May. 新制度将在明年新制度将在明年5月开始实行。月开始实行。 Their efforts to improve the school have been very effective. 他们改善学校条件的努力很有成效。他们改善学校条件的努力很有成效。 Chances of a settlement were effectively wrecked by this announcement. 和解的机会事实上被
17、这项声明破坏了。和解的机会事实上被这项声明破坏了。 7. opinion n. 词词 义意见，看法义意见，看法 必记搭配必记搭配opinion of/about 的的主张，看法主张，看法 必掌握词组必掌握词组a matter of opinion 看看法上的问题法上的问题 have a good/high/bad/low opinion of 评价很好评价很好/很糟很糟 in ones opinion = in the opinion of sb 依某人的观点看来依某人的观点看来 例例They have a very high opinion of his work. Whats your o
18、pinion of this wine? Its my considered opinion that he is a liar and a cheat. 8. complete adj. & vt. 词词 义义 adj.全部的；完全的，彻底全部的；完全的，彻底的的 vt.完成，结束；使完整完成，结束；使完整,使完美使完美(过去式和过去式和过去分词：过去分词：-d, -d； 现在分词：现在分词： completing) 同义词同义词 finish 派生词派生词 completely adv.完全地，彻完全地，彻底地底地 completion n.完成，结束完成，结束 completeness
19、n.完整，完备，完全完整，完备，完全 必掌握词组必掌握词组 complete with 备有备有的，包括的，包括 例例 Johns birthday did not seem complete without his father there. 没有他父亲在场，约翰的生日似乎不够没有他父亲在场，约翰的生日似乎不够完美。完美。 We bought the house complete with furniture. 我们买了一套备有全部家具的房子。我们买了一套备有全部家具的房子。 She has just completed an 18-month jail sentence.她刚服完了她刚服完
20、了18个月的刑期。个月的刑期。 高考示例高考示例 I need one more stamp before my collection. A. completed B. is completed C. is completing D. completes 【答案答案】B 9. weigh vt. 词词 义重，重量有义重，重量有；权衡；权衡(过去过去式和过去分词：式和过去分词：-ed, -ed； 现在分词：现在分词：-ing) 派生词派生词 weight n.重量，分量重量，分量 weightless adj.无重量的，失重的无重量的，失重的 weighty adj.重的，沉重的重的，沉重的 w
21、eightily adv.有重量地，沉重地有重量地，沉重地 必记搭配必记搭配weigh sth against sth 权权衡，斟酌衡，斟酌weigh against sb/ sth 对对有影响，有影响，有分量有分量 必掌握词组必掌握词组weigh down 压得压得难以移难以移动，压弯动，压弯 weigh out 称出称出(一定重量的东西一定重量的东西) weigh up 形成对形成对的看法，品评的看法，品评 例例 The decision weighed heavily against us. 这项决议对我们极为不利。这项决议对我们极为不利。 You have to weigh the c
22、osts of the new system against the benefits it will bring. 你在衡量这种系统所带来的好处时，必你在衡量这种系统所带来的好处时，必须考虑到其费用。须考虑到其费用。 The branches of the trees were weighed down by snow. 树枝被雪压弯了。树枝被雪压弯了。 短语串联 1. 依某人的观点/看法in ones opinion 联 想整齐地in order 吃惊地 in surprise 看得见 in sight 安静地 in silence 根据某人的观点 in ones view 总共，总计 i
23、n all 总的说来 all in all 进进出出 in and out 及时 in time 决不 in no way 2. 代表，象征代表，象征 stand for 联联 想想站到一边站到一边 stand aside 袖手旁观袖手旁观 stand by 显眼，引人注目显眼，引人注目 stand out 站立；支持站立；支持 stand up 高考示例高考示例 He is the only student who our class to give a lecture. A. replaces B. represents C. stands for D. takes place of 【答
24、案答案】B 3. 实践梦想实践梦想 live ones dream 联联 想想 靠靠维持生活维持生活 live by 为为而活而活 live for 靠吃靠吃而生活而生活 live on 经历经历 live through 4. 受到袭击受到袭击 under attack 联联 想想在考虑之中在考虑之中 under consideration 在讨论之中在讨论之中 under discussion 在建设中在建设中 under construction 被怀疑被怀疑 under suspicion 5. 因为，由于因为，由于 because of 联联 想因为，由于想因为，由于 due to
25、由于，幸亏由于，幸亏 thanks to 由于，因为由于，因为 owing to 6. 宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿 would rather 联联 想宁愿想宁愿而不愿而不愿 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿，喜欢宁愿，喜欢 would like/love to do 最好最好 had better do 高考示例高考示例 Id rather he me about it. A. told B. have told C. had told D. tell 【答案答案】C 句型透视句型透视根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子 1. 无风不起浪。无风不起
26、浪。 Where there is a fire, there is a smoke. 2. 我们会尽力帮你的。我们会尽力帮你的。 Well do what we can to help you. 3. 又饿又累，那个可怜的小女孩在寒冷又饿又累，那个可怜的小女孩在寒冷的街上睡着了。的街上睡着了。 Hungry and tired，the poor girl fell asleep in the cold street. 4. 据说他在国外深造过。据说他在国外深造过。 It is said that he once studied abroad. 5. 如今人们穿的衣服和许多年前的一样。如今人们
27、穿的衣服和许多年前的一样。 Nowadays the clothes people wear are the same as they were years ago. 【用法点拨用法点拨】 1. Where there is a river, there is a city. 例例 Where there is a light, there is a hope. 有光之处必有希望。有光之处必有希望。 联联 想想难点在于由难点在于由where引导的地点引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。状语从句和定语从句的区别。 The school building were set up where the
28、re once was our dormitory. 教学楼建在了曾经是我们宿舍的地方。教学楼建在了曾经是我们宿舍的地方。从整个句子的结构看，从整个句子的结构看，where引导的从句引导的从句在句中作状语，即状语从句。在句中作状语，即状语从句。 This is our school where my father once worked. 这是我们的学校，我父亲曾在这儿工作过。这是我们的学校，我父亲曾在这儿工作过。 通过分析句子成分可以看出，从句是通过分析句子成分可以看出，从句是my father once worked，它和主句中它和主句中our school之间的关系是一种限定和被限定的之
29、间的关系是一种限定和被限定的关系，所以引导的是定语从句。关系，所以引导的是定语从句。 高考示例高考示例 She found her calculator she lost it. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 【答案答案】A 2. We will not let our history, and we will do everything we can to save our city. 我们不会让我们的历史我们不会让我们的历史,我们会我们会千方百计拯救我们的城市。千方百计拯救我们的城市。 do everythingcan to 表示表示“尽最大的努
30、力去做尽最大的努力去做”，后面的，后面的to do sth表示目的。表示目的。 例例Their parents did everything they could to send them to college. 同义句型同义句型 do what sb can to do do all ( that ) one can to do do everything ( that ) one can to do 联联 想想 do ones best to do try ones best to do go all out to do 尽力去做尽力去做 try/do ones utmost to do
31、尽全力去做尽全力去做 3. Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia. 圣彼得堡的人民坚强、自豪、团结，圣彼得堡的人民坚强、自豪、团结，他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。 该句型中的形容词是用于说明句子该句型中的形容词是用于说明句子主语的状态、特征、性质、品质等，主语的状态、特征、性质、品质等，并不必改作副词。在使用时一定要认并不必改作副词。在使用时一定要认真辨别。真辨别。 例例 Hungry and tired, Father walked back
32、 home from work. The little girl went to sleep at last, cold and frightened. United, we can make it. 联合起来，我们就能胜利。联合起来，我们就能胜利。(此时的分词此时的分词表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句) (= If we are united, we can) 高考示例高考示例2006年年湖南卷湖南卷 , the poor boy went away. A. Hungrily and hopeless B. Hungry and hope C. Hungry
33、and hopeless D. Hungry and hopelessly 【答案答案】C 4. It is said to be the citys largest ever cultural relics repaired project. 据说这是这座城市有史以来最大规模的据说这是这座城市有史以来最大规模的文化遗迹修复工程。文化遗迹修复工程。 Sth/ sb is said/reported to表示表示“据据说、据推测、据报道说、据推测、据报道”等，是一种不肯定等，是一种不肯定的猜测。的猜测。 例例He is said to have been to the United States
34、. =It is said that he has been to the United States. 据说他去过美国。据说他去过美国。 类似结构的句型类似结构的句型 Sb is believed to do 人们相信某人人们相信某人 Sb is supposed to do 大家认为某人大家认为某人 Sb is thought to do 大家认为某人大家认为某人 Sb/ sth is well known for/to be/as众所周知众所周知 Sth is suggested to 有人建议有人建议 Sth is taken for granted to be 被视为理所当然被视为理
35、所当然 Sth has been decided to 大家决定大家决定 Sth must be remembered to 务必记住的是务必记住的是 联联 想想It is believed that 人们相信人们相信 It is supposed that 大家认为大家认为 It is thought that 大家认为大家认为 It is hoped that 大家希望大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知众所周知 It is suggested that 有人建议有人建议 It is taken for granted that 被视为理所当然被视为理所当然 It
36、 has been decided that 大家决定大家决定 It must be remembered that 务必记住的是务必记住的是 高考示例高考示例2006年年重庆卷重庆卷 It is said that he abroad for a couple of years. A. has been B. was C. had been D. is 【答案答案】A 5. Many of the sports were the same as they are now.the same as表示表示“与与相同相同/一样一样”。 例例My hobbies were the same as y
37、ours while at school. 同义句型同义句型 (1)the same + n. +as+和和一样一样 Today she is wearing the same coat as I bought yesterday. (同类不同物同类不同物) (2)the same + n. +that+ 和和一样一样(同一件东西同一件东西) Now he is using the same pen that I lost on my way to school yesterday.(同一件物品同一件物品) 联联 想想 与与same有关的短语：有关的短语： at the same time 同
38、时同时 in the same boat 同舟共济同舟共济 (And the ) same to you ! 也祝你也祝你! It is the same with 与与一样一样 just/all the same 虽是这样，尽管如此虽是这样，尽管如此 be all the same to sb (非正式非正式)对某人无关紧要，对某人无关紧要， 毫无区别，毫无区别，无所谓无所谓 语法归纳语法归纳1.Your job open for your return. Thanks. 2006年年北京卷北京卷 A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had
39、 been kept 【解析解析】选选A。“工作工作”与与“保留保留”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；从之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；从句意上分析应是句意上分析应是“将被保留将被保留”，应用，应用将来时。将来时。 2. I have to go to work by taxi because my car at the garage. 2006年年重庆卷重庆卷 A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【解析解析】选选C。从句意分析，本题只。从句意分析，本题只是表达目前现阶段正在进行的
40、动作，是表达目前现阶段正在进行的动作，故选故选C。 3. The water cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. 2006年年全国全国卷卷 A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 【解析解析】选选C。连系动词没有被动语态；。连系动词没有被动语态；由后面的由后面的joined可知应用过去时态。可知应用过去时态。 4. 2006年年湖南卷湖南卷 In a room above the store, where a party , some workers were busily set
41、ting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held【解析解析】选选A。从句子的后面一部分来。从句子的后面一部分来看，聚会尚未举行，因此排除看，聚会尚未举行，因此排除B、D项；项；由由were可知，此处应用过去将来可知，此处应用过去将来时。时。 5. 2005年年重庆卷重庆卷Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has
42、been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 【解析解析】选选A。句子中的主语。句子中的主语damage和和谓语动词谓语动词cause之间是动宾关系，故用被动之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；从句意看，损失是截止到目前为止语态；从句意看，损失是截止到目前为止且强调给现在造成的影响，所以用现在完且强调给现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。成时的被动语态。 6. 2005年年辽宁卷辽宁卷Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this op
43、en sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【解析解析】选选B。现在的。现在的this open sea仍仍然被称作然被称作the Pacific，属客观事实，故用，属客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态。 7. According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars. A. is e
44、xpected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting 【解析解析】选选A。类似的结构有：。类似的结构有：Its said /reported/known/understood that，表，表示示“据说据说/报道报道”，可转换为：，可转换为：Sth is said/reported/ known to 8. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. wi
45、ll persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 【解析解析】选选D。people和和persuade之间之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态；主句用存在被动关系，所以用被动语态；主句用将来时，从句用现在时表示将来。将来时，从句用现在时表示将来。 9. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? No, I . Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. had
46、nt been invited D. didnt invite 【解析解析】选选C。婚礼举行在上周，而我没。婚礼举行在上周，而我没被邀请是在婚礼举行之前，所以是过去的被邀请是在婚礼举行之前，所以是过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。 10. More patients in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 【解析解析】选选D。病人应是。病人应是“被治疗被治疗”，又有时间又有时间this yea
47、r，应用现在完成时，应用现在完成时的被动语态。的被动语态。 11. All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home. A. encourage B. encouraged C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 【解析解析】选选D。本句真正的主语是。本句真正的主语是all the employees,所以谓语动词用复数形式。所以谓语动词用复数形式。 12. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power increa
48、sed enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 【解析解析】选选C。句中的。句中的ever since提示用提示用现在完成时，根据题意应用被动语态。现在完成时，根据题意应用被动语态。 13. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2007. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will ha
49、ve completed 【解析解析】选选C。construction work和和complete之间是被动关，应用被动语态；之间是被动关，应用被动语态；句中的时间状语句中的时间状语by 2007提示要用将来完成提示要用将来完成时。时。 14. How long at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 【解析解析】选选B。since意为意为“自自以来以来”，是完成时的标志；句中没有，是完成时的
50、标志；句中没有表示过去的时间，故用现在完成时的表示过去的时间，故用现在完成时的被动语态。被动语态。 15. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 【解析解析】选选C。从句意上看，。从句意上看，Ted已已经死了，属于过去发生的事情，所以经死了，属于过去发生的事情，所以应用过去时的被动语态。应用过去时的被动语态。 【用法点拨用法点拨】 1. 被动语态的一些特殊用法被动
51、语态的一些特殊用法 项目项目 内容内容 例句例句 含有短含有短语语动词和动词和情情态动词态动词的的被动语被动语态态 短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：如：break, bring, call, come, look, catch, take, do, turn, cut, fall, put, pick, give, get, see, run等与介词的等与介词的搭配搭配 My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has ne
52、ver been heard of before. 情态动词情态动词+ be +过去分词，过去分词，构成被动语态构成被动语态 Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 表示表示“据据说说”或或“相相信信”的词的词组组 It is said that 据说据说 It is reported that 据报道据报道It is believed that 大家相大家相信信It is hoped that 大家希望大家希望It is well known that众所众所周知周知It is thought
53、 that 大家认大家认为为It is suggested that 有人有人建议建议It is taken for granted that 被视为理所当然被视为理所当然It has been decided that 大家决定大家决定It must be remembered that 务必记住的是务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. It is believed that they will be back soon. It is reported that there will be a football
54、 match next week here. 主动主动式表式表示被示被动含动含义的义的几种几种情况情况 用谓用谓语动语动词的词的主动主动式表式表示被示被动含动含义义 表示状态特征的连系动词表示状态特征的连系动词：look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear + 形形容词容词/名词，构成系表结构名词，构成系表结构 His plan proved (to be) practical. 表示表示“开始，结束，运动开始，结束，运动”的几个动词：的几个动词：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut
55、, run, move等等 Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 表示主语的某种属性特征的表示主语的某种属性特征的动词动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, wear, eat, drink等。此类词一般等。此类词一般不单独使用，常加上一个副不单独使用，常加上一个副词词easily, smoothly, well, wonderfully等等 This coat dries easily. 主动主动式表式表示被示被动含动含义的义的几种几种情况情况 用非用非谓语谓语动词动词的主的主动式动式表示表示被动被动含义含义 wa
56、nt, need, require作作“需要需要”讲时，这时动名词与讲时，这时动名词与句子的主语之间有逻辑上的句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系 This house needs/wants/requires repai-ring. be worth结构结构 The book is worth reading. 不定式在某些形容词不定式在某些形容词(difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, light, heavy, good, safe, dangerous etc. )后作状语且和后作状语且和句子的句子的主语或宾语有逻辑上的
57、动宾主语或宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系时关系时，用主动式表示被动，用主动式表示被动含义，后可省略含义，后可省略for sb The boy is easy (for people) to get along with. 主动主动式表式表示被示被动含动含义的义的几种几种情况情况用非用非谓语谓语动词动词的主的主动式动式表示表示被动被动含义含义不定式作名词的后置定不定式作名词的后置定语，语，与被修饰的名词构与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语或宾语又和该句的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，时，不定式常用主动式不定式常用主动式表示被动含义表示被动含义
58、Ill give the children some good books to read. 不定式不定式to let(出租出租), to blame等主动式表示被等主动式表示被动含义动含义 The car is to let. It is he notyou who isto blame. 项目项目 内容内容 例句例句 不用不用被动被动语态语态的情的情况况 不及物动词或动词短语不及物动词或动词短语appear, die，disappear, end (vi. 结束结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break o
59、ut, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等等比较：比较： rise, fall, happen是不及是不及物物动词；动词；raise, seat是及物动词。是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态，就必要想正确地使用被动语态，就必须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题只有在学习过程中多留意积问题只有在学习过程中多留意积累累 The price has been risen.(错错)
60、The price has risen.(对对) 不用不用被动被动语态语态的情的情况况不能用于被动语态的不能用于被动语态的及及物动词或动词短语物动词或动词短语fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等等 This key just fits the lock.The weather doesnt ag
61、ree with me. 不不用用被被动动语语态态的的情情况况 系动词无被动语态系动词无被动语态appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等等 It sounds good.The trees grow better on the hills. 带同源宾语的及物动词不带同源宾语的及物动词不能用于被动语态能用于被动语态，如，如die, dream, live等等 She dreamed a bad dream last night. 2. 高
62、考热点：高考热点： (1)短语动词被动语态的用法；短语动词被动语态的用法； (2)主动形式表示被动含义的特殊用法；主动形式表示被动含义的特殊用法； (3)不用被动语态的特殊情况。不用被动语态的特殊情况。 【作文点拨作文点拨】 试一试，好吗？试一试，好吗？ 假设你是李华，你所在的城市向市假设你是李华，你所在的城市向市民征求交通方面的意见。你作为一名中民征求交通方面的意见。你作为一名中学生，经常看到一些人违章却又无可学生，经常看到一些人违章却又无可奈何。你向市政府写信反映情况，并提奈何。你向市政府写信反映情况，并提出自己的看法和一两条建议。出自己的看法和一两条建议。 可参考下面所给提示： 违章情况
63、违章情况 1. 行人和骑车的人闯红灯；行人和骑车的人闯红灯；2. 汽车在无警察的繁忙街道超速行驶汽车在无警察的繁忙街道超速行驶 自己的看法自己的看法 遵守交通规则是每个公民的义务遵守交通规则是每个公民的义务 建议建议 注意：注意：1. 词数词数100左右；左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 参考词汇：超速参考词汇：超速exceed the speed limit； 违章者违章者offender 【构思点拨构思点拨】 审题技巧该题通过文字和表格给学审题技巧该题通过文字和表格给学生提供了写作材料，学生应该根据所给材生提供了写作材料，学生应该根据所给材料写一
64、篇情况反映信。料写一篇情况反映信。 文章的大纲：文章的大纲： 1. 反映违章的基本情况；反映违章的基本情况； 2. 违章的情况要尽量具体；违章的情况要尽量具体； 3. 通过情况的说明，谈自己的看法；通过情况的说明，谈自己的看法； 4. 提出合理化的建议；提出合理化的建议； 5. 注意文字表达的连贯。注意文字表达的连贯。 文章的要点：所陈述的内容要具体、详尽。文章的要点：所陈述的内容要具体、详尽。 文章的基调：文章的基调： 1. 格式：一般书信；格式：一般书信； 2. 人称：第一人称；人称：第一人称； 3. 时态：一般现在时时态：一般现在时/一般过去时。一般过去时。 要点提示要点提示 反映信开头
65、用语：反映信开头用语： 1. I am a student of , and I am sorry to interrupt you. 2. Sorry for interrupting, but I have something to write. 要点短语：要点短语： break traffic rules, go into, exceed the speed limit, run on busy streets traffic lights, one can/cant do something /anything to stop, the duty of, obey the traffi
66、c rules, fine, punish 写作实践写作实践Dear Sir, Im a senior middle school student. Whenever I go to school, I can see some people breaking traffic rules. For example, some passers-by and cyclists often go into the crossroads when the traffic lights are still red, and some cars exceed the speed limit when th
67、ey run on busy streets if there are no policemen working there. I hate these offenders but I cant do anything to stop them. I think it is the duty of every citizen to obey the Traffic rules. I suggest that we have more policemen or assistants working at the crossroads and on the busy streets. Whoever breaks the rules should be fined or punished. In this way, they will not break the traffic rulesagain. Yours sincerely, Li Hua
