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1、Yang fuhe2010.11.12 Noun Clauses名词性从句名词性从句Chinese president attends G20 Seoul Summit SEOUL, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) - Chinese President Hu Jintao and leaders of other Group of 20 (G20) members gathered here Friday to address the challenges to the ongoing global economic recovery and work out strategies to
2、achieve strong, sustainable and balanced global growth. At the Seoul summit, the leaders will discuss the world economic situation, the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced global growth, the reform of global financial institutions, the strengthening of financial regulations, a global fina
3、ncial safety net and development issues.Chinas Guangzhou ready for 16th Asian Games As Guangzhou prepares to kick-start the largest Asian Games in history tonight, it seems Chinas hands-on experience in organizing world events is turning into a reliable model, analysts said Thursday.The 16th Asian G
4、ames, or Asiad, launches tonight with a four-hour opening ceremony.According to the latest statistics released by the Olympic Council of Asia, 9,704 athletes will compete at the Games, the largest number in history, accompanied by 4,750 officials representing 45 Asian countries and regions.定义定义:在句子中
5、起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。作用作用:在复合句中作宾语、表语、主语和同位语。在复合句中作宾语、表语、主语和同位语。因此，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语因此，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。从句、主语从句和同位语从句。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语1)引导词引导词that 可省略可省略I hear (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2)由由what, whether (if) 引导引导I want to know what he has told you. I wonder whether
6、 you can change this note for me. 3)动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+宾语从句宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. It作为形式宾语作为形式宾语He has made it clear that he will not give in. See to it that children dont catch cold.4.否定的转移否
7、定的转移主句的谓语动词为主句的谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等等, 其后其后的宾语从句若含有否定词的宾语从句若含有否定词not, 一般要把否定词一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上转移到主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定从句谓语用肯定.I dont think this dress fits you well.5. that不能省略的情况不能省略的情况1)and连接两个宾语从句连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在宾语从句放在and后后Everybody could see what happ
8、ened and that Tom was frightened.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.3)that从句位于句首时从句位于句首时That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.4)主句谓语动词与主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时从句之间有插入语时We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would ad
9、mit him for a probationary.6.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1)主句用过去时主句用过去时,从句用一般过去时从句用一般过去时(如从句表如从句表示客观真理示客观真理,可用现在时可用现在时)Did you see that the boys were playing football on the playground at that time? Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.2)主句为现在时时主句为现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态从句可根据需要选用各种时态I think that the Gr
10、eens have left for Hawaii. I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.3)动词动词suggest(建议建议), insist(坚持坚持,主张主张), prefer(宁愿宁愿), request(要求要求), require(要求要求,命令命令), demand(要求要求), order(命令命令), command(命令命令), advise(建议建议)等词后的宾等词后的宾语从句中语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 其构成是其构成是“should+动词原形动词原形”，其中
11、，其中should可省略可省略It was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them. Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.7.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词1)连词连词: that, if, whether2)连接代词连接代词: who, whose, what, which3)连接副词连接副词: when, where, how, why作业作业:用用whose, whom, what, how, that填空填空.
12、1.I think _ he will be all right in a few days. 2.Do you know _ they are waiting for? 3. He asked _ dictionary it was. 4. Please pay attention to _ the teacher said. 5. Can you tell me _ I can get to the railway station? 表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是是“主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语从句表语从句”1、由、由that引导，引导，that不作
13、成分，不作成分，只起连接作用。只起连接作用。The fact is that we have lost the game. The trouble is that I have lost his address.2、由、由whether引导表示不确定，由引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因引导表示原因。The point is whether we should lend him the money. It is because I have ever heard of the story.3. what, which, who, whom, whose等连接代等连接代词及词及when
14、, where, how, why等连接副词既引导等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分句子又充当一定的句子成分.The problem is who we can get to replace her. The question is how he did it. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 4. as if常与常与look, seem, sound等连系动词连用等连系动词连用.She looks as if she would cry.5.在一些表示在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令建议，劝说，命令”的名的
15、名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D
16、. where 3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. howCABB5.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up to so far, so I decid
17、e to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 6.The road is covered with snow. I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike. A.why B.whether C.when D.how 7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
18、C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see_ he will do. A. how B. that C. when D. whatCAAD9.-I think its going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 10.Persevera
19、nce is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken . A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was whyCAA12.Never take _for granted that I will help you. Better depend on yourself. A. that
20、B. it C. which D. this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today. A. that B. if C. as if D. whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter. A. whom B. which C. that D. whatBC
21、AD主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型作形式主语的四个主要句型1)It + be+名词词组名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that从句从句Its a pity that we cant go . Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 2)It +be +形容词形容词(obvio
22、us, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+ that从句从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything.3)It + be+ 过去分词过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc .)+ that从句从句
23、It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.4) It +不及物动词不及物动词(seem, happen等等) +that从句从句It seemed that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day.2.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念主语从句多
24、表示单一概念,因此主句谓因此主句谓语动词多用单数语动词多用单数.what 引导的从句根据引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.When and where well go isnt decided. What we need are books/ is water.3.What与与that的用法区别的用法区别what在从句中作主语、宾语、表在从句中作主语、宾语、表语语,而而that则不作句子成分则不作句子成分.What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is good news.
25、4.Whether和和if的用法区别的用法区别通常通常,引导主语从句引导主语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语同位语从句用从句用whether不用不用ifIt doesnt matter whether she will come or not. The problem is whether she will have enough time.1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. h
26、ow 2.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That.; beca
27、useBBB4.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. how D. what 5._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 6.-What do you think of China? -_ different life is today fr
28、om_ it used to be. A. How,what B.What, what C.How, that D.What, that 7._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 8._ I was free that evening. A. It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened thatDAACB9.It was true _ Alice did surprise her
29、mother. A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that 10.Its not yet clear _ of those will be chosen to do the job. A.that B.whom C.which D.whose 11._ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday. A.It says B.It is said C.It has said D.He is said 12._ we have seen is quite diffe
30、rent from _ we have heard. A.That, that B.What, that C.That, what D.What, what 13._ I have will be yours sooner or later. A.No matter what B.No matter whatever C.WhateverD.That 14._ was a well-known fact. A. That their team was weak B. That their team being weak. C. Their team was weak D. If their t
31、eam was weakCCBDCA作业作业:用主语从句用主语从句 完成句子完成句子.1._(她赢了这场比赛她赢了这场比赛) made us very happy. 2. _(所需要的所需要的) is careful preparation. 3._(她是否来她是否来)doesnt matter too much. 4.That he will succeed is certain.(用用it句型改写句型改写) _ 5.Why he did this is not known. (用用it句型改写句型改写) _ That she won the gameWhat is neededWhethe
32、r she is coming or not It is certain that he will succeed. It is not known why he did this. 同位语从句一般用同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, rema
33、rk等等, 关联词多用从属连词关联词多用从属连词that.Where did you get the idea that I could not come? They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2.同位语从句意义完整同位语从句意义完整, 应用应用that;意义不完意义不完整需增加整需增加“是否是否”的含义的含义,应用应用whether；需要增加需要增加“什么时候什么时候”、“什么地点什么地点”、“什么方式什么方式”等含义，应用等含义，应用when，where，how等词。等词。I have no id
34、ea whether hell come or not. The question who should do the work requires consideration.3.表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，动词原形，should可省略）可省略）This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. The general gave the order that the
35、soldiers should cross the river at once.4.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别句法功句法功能上能上意义上意义上that引导的同位引导的同位语从句语从句that引导的定引导的定语从句语从句只起连接从句的只起连接从句的作用作用,无意义无意义,在在从句中从句中不充当句不充当句子成分子成分,不可省略不可省略替代先行词在从替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接句中不仅起连接作用作用,还还充当句充当句子成分子成分.若在从若在从句中作宾语可省句中作宾语可省略略.从句是被修饰名从句是被修饰名词的内容词的内容从句起限定作用从句起限定作用,是定语
36、是定语The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.The news that he told me yesterday is true.同位语从句同位语从句, that不可省略不可省略定语从句定语从句,that在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语,可省略可省略1. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. w
37、hen B. where C. what D. that 2. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road condition need_. A. that, to be improving B. which, to be improved C. where,
38、 improving D. when, improvingDBA4.Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO isnot ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 5.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if 6.Information has been put forward _ more mi
39、ddle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A.while B.that C.when D.as 7._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There,whether D. It, whetherADBA8.His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us. A. that we go
40、B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go 9.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 10.After months of research there was little hope _ the lost car might be found. A. that B. which C. when D. how 11.The possibility _ the ma
41、jority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed. A. which B. if C. that D. whatAAAC12.What are you anxious about? - _. A. How can we succeed. B. Whether we can succeed. C. When can we succeed. D.That we can succeed 13.The suggestion students should learn some practical knowledge is wo
42、rth considering A. if B. which C./ D. which 14.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 15.It is said that more middle school gradates will be admitted into universities, this is the information has been put forward
43、. A. what B. which C. when D. asBDAB作业作业:填上适当的连接词填上适当的连接词1.I have no idea _ he will be back. 2.We heard the news _ our team had won. 3.There arose the question _ we could get the loan 4. The suggestion _ the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 5. Have you heard the news _ Mary will
44、be back soon? whenthatwherethatthat注意：注意：名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同，所使用的连词比较复杂。因此,如何确定正确的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手： 依据“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓所谓“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用，指物用what；如缺时间状语用如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用；地点状语用where；原因；原因
45、状语用状语用why；方式状语用；方式状语用how；定语用；定语用what或或which；什么都不缺用；什么都不缺用that。I know what he is talking about.（缺宾语指物）我知道他正在谈论什么。Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（什么都（什么都不缺）我确信明天他会来。不缺）我确信明天他会来。Where he will go is unknown.（缺地点状语）他要去哪儿还不知道。I dont know which book I should choose.（缺（缺定语）我不知道应该选哪本书。定语）我不知道应该选哪本书。 注意几组
46、易混连词注意几组易混连词whether与与if；that与与what的使的使用：用：引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用whether不用不用if 表表“是否是否”。引导宾语从句时。引导宾语从句时whether, if均可。均可。The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。We dont know whether/if s
47、he is ready. 我们不知道她是否准备好了。that引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而what在从句中在从句中充当成分，有意义。充当成分，有意义。What he says is important. 他所说的很重要。That light travels faster than the sound is a fact. 光传播速度比声音快是个事实。1. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will
48、look like what D. what look will man like2. Do you know _ hes getting along well with his English? A. how B. that C. what D. which3. The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill.A. because B. why C. that D. when 4. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where
49、 D. where there巩固练习：巩固练习：5. _ more countries can use natural energy in future _ to be seen.A.Whether; remains B. What ; remains C. Who ; remained D. If ; remains6._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why;
50、that7._surprises me most is that she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two lies.A.What; where B. What; what C. That; where D. That; what8. _ is not yet decided _ the test will be given.A.That; when B. It; who C. That; who D. It; when9. It was known to all that William had broken his promise _ he would give us a rise.A. which B. why C. that D. whether10. Word has come _ some British guests will come for a visit to our company next month.A. what B. that C. whether D. whenAnswers:1. A 2. B 3. C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B
