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1、緊急應變管理 中華民國危機管理學會 竺嘉德93/11/261Content契子理念緊急應變管理 事故、應變與危機管理基本認識演練2契子新航應變新航品質3Safety ProverbSHETo prevent any accident 防止事故發生ERIn case of accident, to take action to prevent to be a crisis 採取行動防止事故變成危機CMQuickly and effective actions to reduce the impact of the crisis 快速而有效處理降低危機之衝擊4The Impact of Proac
2、tive vs. Reactive ForcesSeverity of CrisisTimeProactive ResponseReactive Response5Emergency Management Code Practices緊急應變管理準則678910Emergency / Crisis Management應變與危機管理基本認識認識風險，化解危機11 應變與危機管理基本認識Incident EmergencyCrisisDisasterEmergency ManagementCrisis Management12Emergency and Crisis Management應變與危
3、機管理Incident (事故)事故常發生但通常不至於to the point of an emergency or crisis. 事故應快速削減並監視評估 to ensure that it does not escalate to crisis.事故常為後者之師， 防止再發生13應變與危機管理.Emergency(緊急事件)常為現場事宜(i.e., on site fire; pipe burst with oil spilling into containment dikes; or computer malfunction)常為短時間之衝擊 (i.e., minor loss in
4、production time; minimal air pollution due to fire smoke)現場應可應變並可掌握狀況。會或不會具有發展成危機之潛能可供採取行動之時間極為有限常對現況之資訊有限且矛盾14應變與危機管理.Crisis危機具有長期影響之潛力須有特定合作資源有效因應(financial support, staffing management and technical expertise, etc.) 需外部或合約資源可供採取行動之時間極為有限常對現況之資訊有限且矛盾15應變與危機管理.Disaster災變災變常與自然界有關如flooding, earthqua
5、ke, etc.16應變與危機管理.Emergency Management應變管理 應變管理已趨向定位為戰術(tactical)如to “put out the fire” ，並處理各個相關之活動。 通告應變人員事故發生。管理應變機制啟動 (i.e. fire brigade, evacuation teams, etc.)確認所需裝備均妥或已在途中。17The Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA 聯邦緊急應變總署 FEMAs mission 任務to reduce loss of life and property and protect ou
6、r nations critical infrastructure from all types of hazards through a comprehensive, risk-based, emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. 透過整體的、風險著眼的消減、準備、因應與復原的緊急管理方案在各個危害中以求降低生命財產損失與保護國家重要的公共資產 18The Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA 聯邦緊急應變總署FEMA is t
7、asked with responding to, 應變planning for, 計畫recovering from and 復原mitigating against disasters 消減災害19應變與危機管理.Crisis Management危機管理危機管理要綜盤了解緊急應變管理之狀況且要專注於事故之結果、策略觀點或衝擊危機小組通常具有監督緊急應變管理績效之權限20應變與危機管理.危機管理. 對事故隻因應策略與長期的後果應為危機小組主要任務，針對一個火災危機小組應著眼於： 週遭社區對公司形象之衝擊，人道支援 (humanitarian)之需求或相關之求償。十哩外一個懸而未決的新建工廠
8、合約危機衝擊。對企業因緊急應變或其他狀況而導致之後果。21Exercise演練Exercise make Practice熟能生巧Requirement需求 An effective exercise program有效的方案Developing high-quality exercise activities.高品質之活動22Exercise演練何以演練內部之利益提高能力增進協調與熟練找出需改進之處驗證(Validating)現有方案與步驟外界之驅策符合法令因應各方之壓力展現承諾符合期待23Exercise演練Philosophy理念Validate capabilities vs. Tes
9、t透過測試驗證能力Training vs. Exercising透過演練驗證訓練Mix of Exercise Activities多功能多層階活動之有效驗證Exercise Scheduling演練程序合理性Overall Exercise Cycle要有演練迴路24Exercise Scheduling演練程序Undertake and Participate In Exercise Activities Every 6 monthsUtilize a Mix of Exercise ActivitiesFocus on the Excise Activities Best Suited
10、to your Organizations NeedsExercise ProgramIncrementally Build on Capabilities Trough a Cycle of Activities 25The Exercise Process Cycle演練迴路Exercise ProgramCrisis Management Program DesignCoordinator/TeamObjectivesScopeFocus & FormatLevel of Simulation and ActivityAwareness PolicyWorking GroupsMeans of AssessmentWorkplan/MilestonesResourcesManagement Approval DevelopScenarioTrainingGeneral Management and AdministrationProduction Conduct Initiate PlayExercise Control ActivitiesEvaluating PlayTerminate Play EvaluateData CollectionAnalysisDocument and Present Finding26問題? 與討論27
