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1、Unit-9-Grant-and-Lee-Unit-9-Grant-and-Lee-background-background-knowledge-and-knowledge-and-structurestructureThe American Civil WarBackground KnowledgeThe Civil War Started 4:30Am in Charleston 12th of April 1861, and ended 1865.The united states had two big sectors; the North (Northern and Western
2、 states) and the South (Southern states).The North fought to preserve the Union, while the South with South Carolina in front fought to become an independent nation.During the war, the slavery became a very central topic.Background toCivil WarConflict over SlaveryUlysses S. GrantRobert E. LeeNext to
3、 President Lincoln himself, these two great generals are probably the men we most closely associate with the Civil War.The 13 original states all were former British coloniesand all the colonies allowed slavery and profited fromslave labor.Slavery rapidly grew to become an integral part of colonial
4、American life.1619 the first African “servants” arrived in the American colonies1641 Massachusetts Bay Colony legalized slavery1645 The first slave is recorded in New Hampshire1660 Virginia legalized slavery1663 Maryland recognized “slavery for life.” 1667 Virginia recognized “slavery for life.” By
5、the time the United States became an independent nation, the institution of slavery had taken rootmore deeply in the South than in the North.A Contrast: North and SouthBetween 1790 and 1860, the disparity between North and South in the number of slaves grew even greater.For the founders in 1787, the
6、 task of creating a single country from former colonies with widely different social viewsand economic needs would prove extremely difficult.Even before the country agreed to a constitution, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts had abolishedslavery.Later, New York and New Jersey also formally abolished sl
7、avery.Even without formal abolition, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island possessed very few slaves.But in the South, as well as in the border states of Delaware and Maryland, slave labor was economicallyimportant.Throughout its brief history as a nation from its inception in 1787 with the d
8、rafting of the Constitution to the election of President Lincoln in 1860 and the start of the Civil War the country had struggled with the issue of slavery.Here is how the nation grew during those tumultuous years.Free States:VermontSlave States: Kentucky, Tennessee17901799Free States:OhioSlave Stat
9、es: 18001809Free States:Indiana, IllinoisSlave States: Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama18101819Free States: MaineSlave States: Missouri18201829Maines entry into the Union was allowed only with acceptance of Missouri as a slave state.As part of the agreement, it was decided that in the future slave st
10、ates would be confined below a latitude roughly along Missouris southern border.The agreement became known as the Missouri Compromise.Free States:MichiganSlave States: Arkansas18301839Free States:Iowa, WisconsinSlave States: Florida, Texas18401849Free States:California, Minnesota, OregonSlave States
11、: 185018591854Earlier disagreements over admitting Texas and California flared again with proposals to admit Kansas and Nebraska.South Carolina secedes from the Union. 1860Ten other slave states secede and declare themselves the Confederate States of America.1861All the free states remain loyal to t
12、he Union.1861Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri all slave states remain loyal to the Confederate. Civil War begins!186118611865Three states join the Union during the war: Kansas (1861), West Virginia (1863)*, and Nebraska (1865)*West Virginia seceded from Confederate Virginia.18611865North T
13、he people of the Northern states were nicknamed Yankees. After four long years, the Union won the war!Washington, D.C. remained the capitol city for the Union states. The Northern states were fighting to preserve the Union.Near the end of the war, Abraham Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant to be the
14、 commander of the Union forces. Abraham Lincoln became president of the United States in 1861. The Northern states had an industrial economy. Visitors in the Northern states saw many large cities and factories. By 1860, the Northern states had outlawed slavery and were considered “free states”.South
15、Richmond was the capital of the Confederate States of America. At the end of the war, the Union soldiers burned Richmond to the ground. The Southern states were fighting for their independence.The Southern states had an agricultural economy. Visitors to the South saw many large farms and plantations
16、. The Southern economy depended upon slave labor. Slavery was legal in the Southern states and they were known as “slave states”.Jefferson Davis was chosen to be president of the Confederacy.Robert E. Lee became commander of the Confederate forces. The South lost the war! The Confederacy surrendered
17、 to the Union at Appomattox Courthouse in April of 1865. The Southerners were known as rebels and fought a long and valiant(/ vljnt /英勇的）英勇的） fight. The BattlesFor a long time during the war, the South had the advantage. The Union had more people, but the Confederacy had more and better educated off
18、icers. But under the battle of Gettysburg everything changed.The Union fought with 88.000 soldiers, against the Confederates 75.000.The battle of Gettysburg have been said to be the most violent in American history.General Robert E Lee was the leader of the Confederate army.The BattlesThe leader of
19、the Union army was Ulysses Grant.One of the reasons the Union army won the battle of Gettysburg was because of a tragic mistake done by the confederates. They set up their canons in wrong position which made the cannonballs go too far. So they didnt make that much damage. Still the casualties where
20、enormous.The Union Army lost about 23000 people.The confederates lost about 20500 people.Fought from 1861 to 1865, the Civil War remains the bloodiest war in American history.Structure of the TextPara. 1, 2, 3Para. 4 - 12Para. 14 - 16IntroductionBodyPart 2Part 1contrastssimilaritiesPara. 13LinkagePa
21、ra. 4 - 6Para. 10 - 11Para. 12R. E. LeeU. S. GrantPart 2Part 1Block contrastFurther contrastsPara. 7 - 9Presenting the Contrasts- From Para 4 - 12summaryGrant and Lee: ContrastsGrantGrantLeeLeeSocial Social statusstatusNotion of Notion of PrivilegePrivilegeSocial Social equalityequalityAttitudes to
22、Attitudes to the pastthe pastEnvision of Envision of the Futurethe FutureNationalist, democratNationalist, democratRegionalist, aristocrat, Regionalist, aristocrat, conservativeconservativePrivileges each man had Privileges each man had won for himselfwon for himselfA certain class of men in A certa
23、in class of men in society enjoyed society enjoyed privilegesprivilegesHad no past to boast of; Had no past to boast of; cared nothing for the pastcared nothing for the pastTreasured and intendedTreasured and intendedto preserve the pastto preserve the pastIn favor of growth, In favor of growth, exp
24、ansion, & a constantexpansion, & a constant widening horizon; widening horizon; politically unified and politically unified and economically industrializedeconomically industrializedTry to maintain the Try to maintain the status quo, intolerant of status quo, intolerant of any social changesany soci
25、al changesAll men were born equalAll men were born equaland had equal rights and had equal rights and chancesand chancesA pronounced inequalityA pronounced inequalityin social structure isin social structure isadvantageous for societyadvantageous for societyl lGeneral Robert E. Lee surrendered the A
26、rmy of Northern General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses Grant in the McLean House, Virginia to Ulysses Grant in the McLean House, Appomattox, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. This effectively Appomattox, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. This effectively ended the American civil war.ended the American civil war. 结束结束
