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1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 考纲知识预览考纲知识预览熟记单词1 (adj.)实际的，实用的，实际的，实用的，实践的实践的2 (adj.) 稳定的，稳固的，安稳定的，稳固的，安定的定的3 (vt.& vi.) 辨别，显示辨别，显示的差别的差别4 (n.) (工业工业)产品产品5 (vt.& n) 联想，联系；联想，联系；同伴，伙伴同伴，伙伴practicalstabledistinguish productassociate考纲知识预览考纲知识预览6 (adj.& n) 当前的，现在的；当前的，现在的；(水或水或 气气)流流7 (n.& vt.) 小圆点；以小
2、圆点标出小圆点；以小圆点标出8 (adj.) 突然的，意外的突然的，意外的9 (adj.) 方便的，便利的，方便的，便利的，就近的就近的10 (n.) 预料，期待，期望预料，期待，期望11 (vt.) 监控监控current dotabruptconvenient expectationmonitor考纲知识预览考纲知识预览12 (adj.) 被动的，消极的被动的，消极的13 (n.) (评判的评判的)标准，尺度标准，尺度14 (adj.) 有效的，确凿的有效的，确凿的15 (n.) 申请，申请表申请，申请表16 (n.& vt.) 文件，档案；将文件，档案；将归归档，档， 提交提交17 (v
3、t.& n) 轻敲，轻拍；轻敲，轻拍；(水水)龙龙头头18 (vt.) 忍受，忍耐，负担忍受，忍耐，负担19 (n.) 杂乱杂乱20 (n.) 稻草，麦秆，吸管稻草，麦秆，吸管passivecriterion validapplicationfiletapbearmessstraw考纲知识预览考纲知识预览1. 给给打电话打电话2有时，偶尔有时，偶尔3着手做某事着手做某事4万一，以免万一，以免5交通堵塞交通堵塞6开始做开始做翻译词组call upnow and thenset about doing sth.in casetraffic jamset out to do考纲知识预览考纲知识预览7
4、事实上事实上8别挂断，紧紧抓住，稍等别挂断，紧紧抓住，稍等9发生故障，次序颠倒发生故障，次序颠倒10接通电话，通过，接通电话，通过，(设法设法)做完做完11回复电话回复电话12挂断电话挂断电话in truthhang onout of orderget throughring backring off考纲知识预览考纲知识预览13就就情况而言情况而言14想出，提出，拿出想出，提出，拿出15表现自己，表现突出表现自己，表现突出 16将手伸入将手伸入中，潜心于中，潜心于in the case ofcome up withdistinguishoneselfdive into考纲知识预览考纲知识预览T
5、he patent was given in 1876，but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.这项专利是这项专利是1876年发布的，但是贝尔是年发布的，但是贝尔是在五天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电在五天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。话。背诵句型考纲知识预览考纲知识预览例句仿写例句仿写(1)It is not until you have kids of your own that you know the hards
6、hips your parents suffered.等你有了孩子之后才知道父母的艰辛。等你有了孩子之后才知道父母的艰辛。(2)It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.直到我遇见了你，才知道什么是真正的直到我遇见了你，才知道什么是真正的幸福。幸福。巧学活用巧学活用点击进入点击进入名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛1. distinguish vi.& vt.辨别；显示辨别；显示的差别的差别(1)distinguish between.and.区分区分/辨别辨别和和distinguish.from.使使有别于有别于，使，使具有区别于具有区
7、别于的特征的特征be distinguished for.因因而出名而出名distinguish oneself (as.)(作为作为)表现表现突出突出名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛(2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，卓越的，著名的，杰出的杰出的distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分易分辨的，能区分的的(3)distinguish常用于否定句，且常与常用于否定句，且常与can或或could连用；连用；tell也可表也可表“辨认，辨别辨认，辨别”，常与，常与can或或could连用，主要用于否定句和连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。疑问句中。名师一线讲坛名师一线讲
8、坛1完成句子完成句子(1)You should learn to _ _ (明辨是非明辨是非)(2)The twins are so alike that _ _(没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个)(3)我弄不清我弄不清“above all”和和“first of all”用法的不同。用法的不同。(汉译英汉译英)_名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛答案：答案：(1)distinguish between right and wrong(2)no one can distinguish one from the other(3)I cant tell the difference be
9、tween the usages of “above all”and “first of all”名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛2. bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；忍受；忍耐；负担负担(1)bear doing/n./to do忍受忍受bear sb./sb.s doing sth.忍受某人做某事忍受某人做某事(2)bear sb./sth.out证实；为证实；为作证作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍耐心对待；容忍bear sth.in mind牢记牢记名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛2完成句子完成句子(1)I doubt if that chair _ _ (承受
10、得了你的体重承受得了你的体重)(2)She _(生了三个生了三个孩子孩子)(3)He cant bear _ (遭人嘲笑遭人嘲笑)名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛(4)You must _(要记要记住住)that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.答案：答案：(1)will bear your weight(2)has borne three children(3)being laughed at(4)bear it in mind名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛3. associate vt.联想，联系联想，联系n同同伴，伙
11、伴伴，伙伴(1)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把把和和联系在一起；由联系在一起；由联想到联想到be associated with.和和有关有关associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交与某人交往或常打交道道associate oneself with sth.声称或表示自声称或表示自己赞同某事物己赞同某事物(2)association n联合；联想；交往；联合；联想；交往；协会；团体协会；团体in association with.与与合伙合伙/合作合作名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛3完成句子完成句子(1)Ive never _(把你把你和这个地方联系在
12、一起和这个地方联系在一起)(2)I wouldnt want to _ _(和他的计划有任何瓜葛和他的计划有任何瓜葛)(3)I wish to forget everything _ _(与我以前有关的与我以前有关的) and start a new life.名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛答案：答案：(1)associated you with this place(2)be associated with his project (3)associated with my past名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛4. mess n杂乱，脏乱，脏东西；不杂乱，脏乱，脏东西；不整洁或乱七八糟的事整洁或乱七八
13、糟的事v无所事事，混日子，乱闹无所事事，混日子，乱闹be in a mess杂乱无章杂乱无章make a mess of把把搞得一塌糊涂搞得一塌糊涂mess around(about)混日子，浪费时间混日子，浪费时间mess up搞乱，搞糟搞乱，搞糟 名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛4完成句子完成句子(1)Theres _ (许多许多脏东西脏东西)to clear up.(2)This room _(杂乱杂乱不堪不堪)(3)The report you did is _ _(乱七八糟乱七八糟)do it again.名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛(4)This illness _ _(把我的假期计划打乱了把
14、我的假期计划打乱了)(5)He spent all day just _ _(游手好闲游手好闲)(6)His late arrival _ _(打乱了打乱了) our plans.答案：答案：(1)a lot of mess(2)is in a mess(3)a real mess(4)made a mess of my holiday plans(5)messing about(6)messed up名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛5. hang on紧握住；坚持下去，继续紧握住；坚持下去，继续干；干；(打电话时打电话时)等一等等一等hang about在在荡来荡去荡来荡去hang around等待
15、；逗留，闲荡等待；逗留，闲荡hang together相符；一致；连贯相符；一致；连贯hang up挂断电话挂断电话hang up on sb.突然挂断某人的电话突然挂断某人的电话名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛5.完成句子完成句子(1)Im afraid the line is busy，_(你能再等一会吗你能再等一会吗)?(2)I know youre tired，but try to _(再坚持一会吧再坚持一会吧)答案：答案：(1)would you like to hang on(2)hang on a bit longer名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛6. dive into(1)跳水跳水(头朝下
16、头朝下)；将手伸入；将手伸入中；中；(对活动、问题等对活动、问题等)全心投入，潜心研究全心投入，潜心研究(2)作作“潜心于潜心于”讲时和讲时和devote oneself to sth.的意思一样，但的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth.还有还有“投身于投身于，把自己奉献给，把自己奉献给”的意思。的意思。名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛6完成句子完成句子(1)The boy _(跳入跳入河中河中)from the bridge.(2)He _(将手伸入口将手伸入口袋中袋中) and pulled out a quarter.(3)He _(潜心研究中潜心研究中国历史国历史)答案：答
17、案：(1)dived into the river(2)dived into his pocket(3)dived in/into the history of China名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛7. in case万一；以免万一；以免in case of后加名词或代词，意为后加名词或代词，意为“要是要是，在，在的时候的时候”。如：。如：In case of fire，ring the bell.“如发生火灾，请速按铃。如发生火灾，请速按铃。”而而in case后跟句子。后跟句子。in this case如果这样的话如果这样的话in that case如果那样的话如果那样的话in any ca
18、se无论如何无论如何in no case决不，任何情况下都不决不，任何情况下都不名师一线讲坛名师一线讲坛7完成句子完成句子(1)Youd better take the raincoat _ _(以防下雨以防下雨)(2)_(如果是那样的如果是那样的话话) we had to give up the plan.(3)我们决不能干这样的事情。我们决不能干这样的事情。(汉译英汉译英)_答案：答案：(1)in case it rains(2)In that case(3)In no case can we do such a thing.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊阅读中的词义猜测阅读中的词义猜测(3)(
19、3)代词替代法代词替代法一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句后把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再最后判定它是否为正确答案。然后再最后判定它是否为正确答案。专题一专题一突破阅读理解突破阅读理解专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matte
20、r of the problem，often over fairly long periods of time.Indeed，it would be strange if they had not done this.Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society.The act of dis
21、covery，even in the relatively 例例例例专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊predictable (可以预见的可以预见的)sense that it occurs in everyday learning，involves (涉及涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation.As we have seen，everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the
22、 rules gained in the past，which is involved in the solution.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊What does the underlined word “this” refer to?AGreat contributions to the society.BLongtime study of the subject matter.CVarious statements about problem solving.DComplete devotion to artistic creation.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊【解析解析】this在此段中
23、指代上一句中在此段中指代上一句中提到的科学家研究一个问题要花费很长时间提到的科学家研究一个问题要花费很长时间的身心投入。的身心投入。【答案答案】B专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊完成下列阅读理解。完成下列阅读理解。(2008年高考天津卷年高考天津卷)We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively (被动地被动地)We achieve it actively by direct experience，by testing and proving an idea，or by reasoning.技巧演练技巧演练专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊We ach
24、ieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning，its not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday commun
25、ication with friends and co workers.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊Unfortunately，passive learning has a serious problem.It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言谣言)专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊Did you ever play the game Rumor？It begins when one person writes down a message but do
26、esnt show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it，word for word，to another person.That person，in turn，whispers it to still another，and so on，through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compa
27、red. Typically，the original message has changed.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊Thats what happens in daily life.The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story.Then，too，most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story，trying to improve on it，stamp
28、ing (打上标记打上标记)it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊This process is also found among schol ars and authors：A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，un
29、less it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊【文章大意文章大意】本文主要讲述了被动习本文主要讲述了被动习得的弊端。得的弊端。1According to the passage，passive learning may occur in_.Adoing a medical experimentBsolvin
30、g a math problemCvisiting an exhibitionDdoing scientific reasoning专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊解析解析：选选C。推理判断题。本文主要讲推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是在日常生活中，人们对一些说法常常述的是在日常生活中，人们对一些说法常常会出现人云亦云并经过添油加醋的情况。会出现人云亦云并经过添油加醋的情况。A、B、D三项都是人们主动习得的情况，三项都是人们主动习得的情况，C项项“参观展览参观展览”符合文章中讲述的被动习得的符合文章中讲述的被动习得的含义。含义。专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊2The underlined word “it” i
31、n Paragraph 2 refers to_.Aactive learningBknowledgeCcommunication Dpassive learning解析解析：选选D。词义猜测题。根据上下文词义猜测题。根据上下文可知可知it一词在此指代一词在此指代passive learning。专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊3The author mentions the game Rumor to show that_.Aa message may be changed when being passed onBa message should be delivered in different
32、 waysCpeople may have problems with their sense of hearingDpeople tend not to believe in what they know as rumor专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊解析解析：选选A。推理判断题。作者以推理判断题。作者以“咬咬耳朵耳朵”游戏为例，旨在说明在信息传递过程游戏为例，旨在说明在信息传递过程中，由于传递者不断地加入自己的理解，最中，由于传递者不断地加入自己的理解，最终的信息内容与原始内容会大相径庭。终的信息内容与原始内容会大相径庭。专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊4What can we infer from t
33、he passage?AActive learning is less important.BPassive learning may not be reliable.CActive learning occurs more frequently.DPassive learning is not found among scholars.解析解析：选选B。通读全文可知，信息在传递通读全文可知，信息在传递过程中可能就改变了原来的意思，因此被动过程中可能就改变了原来的意思，因此被动学到的知识可能就不可信了。学到的知识可能就不可信了。专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊解决问题型议论文写作模板解决问题型议论文写
34、作模板这类议论文一般分为三部分：发现问题、这类议论文一般分为三部分：发现问题、分析问题与提出解决问题的建议。分析问题与提出解决问题的建议。1发现问题：发现问题：In recent days，we have to face a problem that_.(陈述问陈述问题题)As is often noticed，_.(陈述问陈述问题题)专题二专题二写作导与练写作导与练专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊2分析问题：分析问题：_.(分析这一问分析这一问题存在的危害性题存在的危害性)3提出自己的看法与解决办法：提出自己的看法与解决办法：With the help of modern technology，we
35、 now have many means to solve it./By doing.，we can.Whats the most important is that./Only when.can we.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊解决办法：解决办法：Firstly，_.Secondly，_.Finally，_.结论：结论：In a word，it is clear/obvious that.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。词左右的英语短文。Water is essential to our life.In facto
36、ries it is used for manufacture.At home people need it for drinking，cooking and washing. Water also gives life to trees and crops.It is water that maintain our physical life and provides us with green fresh surroundings. So we may well say that water is the foundation of human existence；we cannot li
37、ve without it.即时训练即时训练专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊Now people everywhere are trying to obtain water and more and more wells are dug in the countryside.One canal after another is built to lead river water to the big cities to meet the needs for water.In some areas rain and snow water is carefully stored for everyday
38、use.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊However，sometimes，people dont take good care of water.Water wastes and water pollution cause more and more trouble for the development of industry and peoples living conditions.So it is very important that measures should be taken to economize water and protect it from pollution.专题突破
39、锦囊专题突破锦囊【写作内容写作内容】1概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约为数大约为30；2就就“Treasure Water”这一主题发表这一主题发表你的看法，该部分的词数大约为你的看法，该部分的词数大约为120。短文。短文至少包含以下的内容：至少包含以下的内容：(1)一些人洗澡、洗碗、洗衣服时，一一些人洗澡、洗碗、洗衣服时，一直开着自来水；直开着自来水；(2)洗完后没关紧水龙头就走了，让水洗完后没关紧水龙头就走了，让水不停地滴；不停地滴；(3)你对此有何看法？为什么？你对此有何看法？为什么？专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊【写作要求写作要求】1可以使用实例或其他论述方
40、法支持可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；不得直接引用原文中的句子；2标题自拟。标题自拟。专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊【评分标准评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。连贯。_专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊One possible version： The passage tells us that water is the source of all life on earth.Water is so limited that people are trying
41、every means to create fresh water.But the water available isnt well protected and is even polluted. As is often noticed，when some people take a bath，wash their bowls and clothes，the running water doesnt stop until everything ends；even when everything is washed，they seldom switch off the water，only l
42、etting it drop all the way.专题突破锦囊专题突破锦囊Many people havent realized that water resources are not limitless.China is a country short of water.Lots of rivers and lakes have been polluted and the water is unfit to drink. Therefore，measures should be taken to solve this problem.Firstly，we should save water and make good use of water resources. Secondly，we must keep water clean and protect it from being polluted.Finally，more trees have to be planted to keep ecological balance.
