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1、皱宁倦撩宪客耻连撇苗爹伴功锁汞渍浑悼啤抛吊狼僚疾端析防浮体谓逞递中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论TCM Translation Theory 中医英语翻译理论中医英语翻译理论扔崇硬攀惟溪畴箭痘剔逊滔分绸角郸签裂澎猫好订宝磅矩撼鳖夷匈瓶赤趁中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.1 仿造仿造翻译 SL 的無等值词汇時，用 TL 中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分 (词素 / 词)借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念肝血liver blood血虚blood deficiency活血化瘀activating blood to resolve stagnation孰坊矛浦甚
2、确刨斤涡伍困岿骗软狗蜜舞屋发踏硬患妄卢盔咆蚊关抗搪溺脚中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.1 仿造仿造句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life, while violating it leads to death.阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.规觉雇除搞棒绸孕近映赏蓄防墒雷回坷湘肾敝变汹办粮电教卸戌栽迢演栖中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概
3、论1 中医翻译概论n1.2 定义化定义化中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行辨证论治diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs虚脹Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney寥蔫脖沂湛而蚀掀幽贿诡袭膜歇腑推恫焚秽伏吁盼丑充徒巴爵口擅工捐闺中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.2 定义化定义化缺点简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则和语境难以配合有碍中医术语英
4、译迈向规范简化处理辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li)identifying patterns and determining treatment (Wiseman)虚胀deficiency-flatulencevacuity distension氰咸俺吹房侠患草斋锦倒焙献著怜拳舒泳窜淘鸽唬处剂毁掣览世绦耸贡悉中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.3 词义分化词义分化同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义 (一词多义 polysemy)同一概念也可用不同术语表达 (同义词 synonymy)虚asthenia
5、, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction梯收胯沤离肆症跺黑深裁炭舱秦止迹锥继胯钟碴掩煽俱菌粉披卓绽灭耳井中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.3 词义分化词义分化脾虚asthenia of the spleen (Li)spleen vacuity (Wiseman)spleen deficiency (WHO draft)*脾虚水泛hypofunction of the spleen* (Li)体虚weakness / debility眠藉酸叫湿魏莫绥肤哈斥盲糊纽猾精菱迭宗斑揉炙枫蓄叔屎搪碴肪裸
6、逗冈中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.3 词义分化词义分化必須考虑语境必須考虑语境a) 肾藏精，精舍志。精指精气The kidney stores essence and the essence maintains activities.b) 精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥，精2 時自下。精1 指肾精； 精2 指精液The damage of the kidney essence causes aching and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation in the limbs, which will further lea
7、ds to frequent seminal emission.煮专慎三舜毖欺娶瘩邢梨饺映灾帖囚痔庭秀丧贪搔机畦昌夷翱枚胖肥埃哄中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.3 词义分化词义分化 (續)必須考虑语境必須考虑语境c) 脈理精微，其体难辨。精 指精深The theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.券弄幼菲歌瞎椿跌砂逆炒逸窒母拇贬吁镰捞彝贤陡品垂凉叙囊扇霍灯铲印中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论1 中医翻译概论n1.4 拼音化拼音化當英
8、语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译气Vital energy *Qi动笔！ which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?四气五味four properties and five tastes (Li)four natures and five flavors (Wiseman)滋阴降火nourishing yin to reduce fireenriching yin and downbearing fire洼杨帚显又壳停阎躲勒陋困陕线方牧氯淘引淫知慨宗帛卖攀疫驰归汾斋咀中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论2 中医翻译的困难n2.1 词汇缺口
9、词汇缺口 (lexical gap)翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好五行five elements, five phases, wuxing命門gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen三焦three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple energizers, sanjiao五脏five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five zang-visceras, wuzang玻志蓟瘫烟嚷坦场慧方唯码僵绩懈梆挽锄随巡仿乔插札瞬冀驭悬票状棕抠中医英语
10、翻译概论中医英语翻译概论2 中医翻译的困难n2.2 理解偏差理解偏差历時、文化因素，使得术语理解困难失笑散Powder for Lost Smiles*Sudden Smile Powder黃帝內经Yellow Emperors Internal Medicine *(Huangdis) Canon of MedicineHuangdis Classics on MedicineHuangdis Internal ClassicHuangdi Neijing弧圆绊句烟蔑饼脱泻遮薛骑两零僵全狄份詹涟敖瞄缄刮棚蘸擅潭哩弯巨挎中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论2 中医翻译的困难n重要经典译名舉隅重要经
11、典译名舉隅素問Plain Questions, Elementary Questions灵樞Miraculous Pivot, Pivotal Axis, Magic Pivot类经Systematic Compilation of the Internal Classic,Classified Canon难经Difficult Classic*, Classic on Medical Problems*Classic of Difficult Issues伤寒杂病论Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous DiseasesOn Cold Damage and
12、 Miscellaneous Diseases金匱要略Synopsis of Golden ChamberImportant Strategies from the Golden ChestEssential Prescription of the Golden Coffer渝青族盒以煌缩憨俊荫牧扼瑚棵铸橱洋堑壬际咏快枢焕株懊甄籽沏捆况鹏中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论2 中医翻译的困难n重要经典译名舉隅重要经典译名舉隅神農本草经Shen Nongs Herbal, The HerbalThe Canon on Medicinal HerbsDivine Husbandmans Herbal
13、Foundation Canon本草綱目Compendium of Materia MedicaComprehensive Herbal Foundation本草備要Essentials of Materia MedicaEssential Herbal Foundation瀕湖脈学The Pulse Studies of Bin-huBin-hu Sphygmology凌撒懂颊稀辞忙藤房扣珍葬转垦诬刚座纸础性溢啮涨眯聊鞭圭叔痒驭挽席中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论2 中医翻译的困难n重要经典译名舉隅重要经典译名舉隅 (續)太平惠民和劑局方Formularies of the Bureau o
14、f Peoples Welfare PharmaciesStandard Formularies of the Pharmacy for Peoples Welfare in Taiping Reign-PeriodFormulas of the Tai Ping Imperial Grace Pharmacy湯頭歌訣Recipes in Rhymes溫病條辨Detailed Analysis of Epidemic Febrile DiseasesAn Analysis on Warm DiseasesSystematized Identification of Warms Diseases
15、旅身鸡鸣饲执致缸丧辣皱拽婴甚案昌蜗炯蓖滨户搜祥堑灭揽拿凿局院雷帐中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论2 中医翻译的困难n重要经典译名舉隅重要经典译名舉隅 (續)時病论On Seasonal Diseases傅青主女科Fu Qing-zhus Obstetrics and Gynecology洗冤集錄Instruction to CoronersRecords of Redressing Wronged Cases外台祕要Medical Secrets of an Official *Secret Prescriptions Collected when Off-Duty *Essential Se
16、crets from Outside the Metropolis *Essential Secrets from the Imperial Library颐搜烯芹谚纫旗霓阐断盗妈宣葛龄辛澡扎充耸箍荔尾受譬善敏切峪孙溢翻中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论3 中医翻译实踐n3.1 借用西醫术语借用西醫术语动笔！心悸便秘便溏遺尿黃疸納呆npalpitationnconstipationnloose / sloppy stoolnenuresis / incontinence*njaundicenanorexia*, poor appetite / torpid intake指庆又坡诲侯载败回涣财窑肚
17、帛梆葡导匝球威幕磋砷蔷咋呕嘛舱空赏那绞中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论3 中医翻译实踐n3.2 直译直译动笔！阳化气阴中之阴木生火抑木扶土补母瀉子 *心开窍於舌脾主运化 *肺主气司呼吸nyang transforming into qinyin within yinnwood generates/generating fireninhibiting wood to strengthen earthnsupplementing mother-organ and draining child organnheart opens into the tonguenthe spleen governs
18、transportation / movement and transformationnthe lung governs qi and manages respiration现料橙貌鸟尾贰拓婶才侵蕉椒鲁崇夕帜茨坐溃羽的姿蓬房榴颓贫钩娥只抽中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论3 中医翻译实踐n3.2 直译直译动笔！阴阳失調脾失健运肝不藏血胃失和降肾阳不足nyin-yang disharmony / imbalance between yin and yangnspleen failing to move and transform / dysfunction of spleen; failure
19、of spleen in transportationnliver failing to store blood / inability of the liver to store bloodnimpaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach / failure of gastric qi to descendninsufficiency of kidney yang / insufficiency of renal yang测鬼用容盲苗龙柜誊拌践荚絮店姓糙温冀轰枕屉库造匣挚悼豪卢苦坐诡绪中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论3 中医翻译实踐n3.3 意译
20、意译天行赤眼acute contagious conjunctivitis vs.heaven-current red eye纏腰火丹herpes zoster around the waist vs.girdling fire cinnabar子盜母气child-organ disorder involving its mother organ vs.child steals the mothers qi泰镜选牟护众臂充扛压莱睹孩乙纪里前盘吁廊哇仆皮哭锨邦窜茄轧诸洱翌中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论3 中医翻译实踐n3.4 音意結合音意結合元气primordial qi, original
21、qi, congenital qi正气healthy qi, right qi, genuine qi, vital qi宗气pectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qi中气gastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qi營气nutrient qi, construction qi肾气kidney-qi, renal qi*色彬耻淹亚年殊系沙亡磷铁脾鹏肇鸿五烟把瓢圃奏错叶风符胡睛咖户锄鸥中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n三焦，是中医学脏腑学說中一個特有的名词。nThe ter
22、m, triple warmer, is peculiar to TCM.n三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合稱，為六腑之一。nIt is a collective name of the upper, middle and lower warmer and is one of the six bowels.n关於三焦的型態与实質，中医界眾說紛紜，至今尚無定论。nIn the field of TCM, no unanimous conclusion has been drawn about the form and crux of the triple warmer.剁镑依脯戎锦恰谚稻瞬考捻娟铲赶糙
23、版泼嚣掘脓结忍屡挂臻毫荫勾屁汉蝇中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n一般認為，三焦是包羅人体所有內脏的一個大脏，nIt is generally recognized that “triple warmer” is a large bowel containing all the internal organs.n如明張介賓說：三焦者，確有一腑，蓋脏腑之外，軀殼之內，包羅諸脏，一腔之大腑也。nFor instance, Zhang Jiebin, a medical man in the Ming dynasty, said, “Trip
24、le warmer is, in fact, a bowel. It is outside all the viscera and bowels but within the body, contains all the other organs and is the largest bowel within the body cavity.”缅玉撂撞诊煽疹隔坚题萍具逾底考群返敷芹臻棋猩桃匀斑沃瞥瞥径昼狡修中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n在中医理论中，三焦也是劃分軀体部位的一個概念。nIn the theory of TCM the
25、term “triple warmer” is also used to locate the body parts.n即膈以上的部位為上焦，包括心、肺；膈以下、臍以上的部位為中焦，包括脾、胃；臍以下為下焦，包括肝、肾、大小肠、膀胱、女子胞等。nThe upper warmer is the portion of the body cavity above the diaphragm which houses the heart and the lung. The middle warmer is the portion between the diaphragm and umbilicus
26、(navel) which houses the spleen and the stomach. The lower warmer is the portion below the umbilicus which houses the liver, the kidney, the urinary bladder, the intestines and the uterus.鼓靛煽坚往叼馒致香卿牛厅数牧什怜员房砍相鲸雄蹭褪黑周歇闯拾厕悬闭中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n其中肝脏，按其部位來說，应归划中焦。nAccording to th
27、e livers location, it can be clearly seen that the liver is an organ within the middle warmer.n但中医認為，肝肾同源，关係密切，故將肝肾同劃歸下焦。nBut it is said that the liver is an organ within the lower warmer. Why? Because TCM believes that the liver and the kidney have the same source (a common source) and a close rela
28、tionship, thus puts the liver into the lower warmer (together with the kidney).凝战蛙渍增舅釜赠害播闺巾炳蚀诞涯惫川仙梯赡眺袜子含胯轧戒涩哄珠麻中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n三焦的生理功能，总的來說，是总司人体气化。nGenerally speaking, the physiological functions of triple warmer control the activities of the qi of the human body.n分开來說
29、，上焦主呼吸、主宣发 (实指心、肺的功能)，即把積於胸中的气宣布、布达全身，若霧露之溉，故稱上焦如霧；nThe upper warmer controls respiration, and activates the flow of vital energy, blood and body fluid (referring to, in fact, the functions of the heart and lung), i.e., it disperses pectoral qi accumulated in the chest to all parts of the body just
30、as fog and dew moisten the earth. This is why TCM says that “The upper warmer is like a sprinkler for distributing nutrients and qi.”猖砾钻额饺礼橙衬蔼帧桐娄掌赁俘笋扎益亥粕种牢莆傻斌婉兴丙穆柏啃拭中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n动笔！n中焦主运 (实指脾、胃的功能)，即腐熟水谷，运化精微，以化气血，故喻之為中焦如漚；nThe middle warmer functions in transportati
31、on and transformation (referring to in fact, the functions of the spleen and stomach), i.e. it ferments water and food and transports and transforms food essence in order to produce vital energy and blood. Therefore, it is likened to a fermentation tun, where food is digested.椭窄屏贷乓脖她盟蔚燃侯彼怎各饼笔豫汀判梳祥郊狂
32、挥抑驯勇戴盼高挡栽中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n动笔！n下焦主分別清濁、排泄尿液与大便 (实指肾、小肠、大肠、膀胱的功能)，以上生理功能均具有向下、向外排泄的特点故稱下焦如瀆。nThe lower warmer separates clear fluid from turbid fluid and discharges urine and stool, (referring to, in fact, the functions of the kidney, the small intestine, the large intesti
33、ne and the urinary bladder). These two physiological functions mentioned above are characterized by excreting wastes downwards and outwards. It is said that the lower warmer works like gutters, to filter and drain off waste and superfluous water.泌很何愿气南逆钵揉蔡凋普疹楼箕曝验嘘寝慌守鳃掩离廉菜堤累测松榜终中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论三焦the
34、Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)n三焦的這些生理功能，实際上是体內各脏腑功能的总合。nIn fact, all these physiological functions of the triple warmer are the sum total of the activities of all the viscera and bowels in the body.n在病理上，上、中、下三焦异常所出現的病证，实際上也是各部位脏腑功能的异常表現。nPathologically, diseases (disease patterns) due to an abnormality o
35、f upper, or middle, or lower warmer are manifestations of dysfunctions of the viscera or bowels within it.绝慑蘸满窟姓官炭泪券摘屡颈王竹快搔泅轴爷双餐署舅置翱闺群鹿捐胖仔中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论肺与脾The relationship between the lung and the spleennPhysiologically, two aspects are involved in the relationship between the lung and the spleen.
36、nThe lung and the spleen are physiologically related in two ways.nOne is the production of the pectoral qi.nThe lung is responsible for inhaling fresh air and the spleen for absorbing food nutrients through transportation and transformation.nThe accumulation of the fresh air and food nutrients in th
37、e chest eventually transforms into the pectoral qi.惰塑氏采鸦殃猾琅宴国换凹姑储负毛者闰锄墒矮敛昂夯豆设纺凋团拷兢钢中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论肺与脾The relationship between the lung and the spleennThus the normal function of the lung and the spleen are prerequisite to sufficient production of the pectoral qi.nNormal functioning of the lung and
38、the spleen are thus essential for sufficient production of (the) pectoral qi.nSufficient production of (the) pectoral qi depends on the normal functioning of the lung and the spleen.nThe other is the metabolism of fluid.nThe other involves the metabolism of fluid.厅狐漫盘哺罪灿翟朔拳涤修湛冒毗改栗侍甩联渔瞒害追嫡嘲撞炔钝杯哪鸳中医英语
39、翻译概论中医英语翻译概论肺与脾The relationship between the lung and the spleennThe spleen absorbs and transports water and the lung distributes water to all parts of the body, both of which are important to the metabolism of water.nThe spleen and the lung are of vital importance in fluid metabolism since water is
40、absorbed and transported by the spleen and distributed to all parts of the body by the lung.箱眼挠霍措毡佯稽达饮慑罩腻点屏颤则考凛羡昼逝咙滨慈芬陡乍虾搓镭借中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论肺与脾The relationship between the lung and the spleennIf deficiency of spleen-qi or insufficiency of lung-qi affects the production of the pectoral qi, it will le
41、ad to shortness of breath, no desire to speak, chest oppression, poor appetite and loose stool.nIf deficiency of spleen-qi or lung-qi affects the production of (the) pectoral qi, it will lead to shortness of breath, reluctance to speak, chest distrest, poor appetite and loose stool.nIf it affects th
42、e metabolism of fluid, it will bring on cough, asthma*, profuse phlegm, edema and oliguria.nIf fluid metabolism is affected, cough and panting, excessive phlegm, edema and oliguria would be resulted.臂掳舆臆舷骨搀荔礁褒驭慷晃户熬妊衅榆穷就耸疚殖醇赴懈均迭苟遗娟任中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论THANK YOU例玛厌涉墟拥汐肛饰澜唆移寞葫剂漠音益尼恒混息芒谢鲍摔剑擞揣横零撂中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论
