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1、May, 2002Off-Site Training DocumentFrom Data To ChartsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 1This presentation stems from two useful booksn“Say it with Charts, The Executives Guide to Visual Communication.”, Fourth Edition, Gene Zelasny, McGraw-Hill, 2001n“Say it with Presentations, How to Desig
2、n and Deliver Successful Business Presentations.”, Gene Zelasny, McGraw-Hill, 2000A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 2AgendanSome healthy habitsnChoosing chartsnUsing chartsnVisual concepts and metaphorsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 3Some Healthy HabitsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-sit
3、e Training/wt 4Cash flow from operations is increasing fastCF OP: Cash flow from operations; CF INV: Cash flow from investing activities; CF Liability + CF Equity: Cash flow from financing activitiesSource: A.T. Kearney AnalysisCash Flow Statement 2000 2010- (in thousand) -A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-s
4、ite Training/wt 5Cash flow from operations is increasing fast ThousandYearA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 6$8,100$11,980JapanIndustrialized SocialistDeveloping SocialistDeveloping CountriesFranceWest GermanyU.K.BrazilCanadaU.S.A.Projected market demand for our product, by country, 2001-201
5、0US$ millionsGrowth is mainly driven by developing countriesPercent Annual Growth4.43.53.46.60.71.71.51.02.99.06.54.03.5Other Western CountriesItalyA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 7Growth is mainly within developing countriesPercentage Annual Growth, 2001-201096.66.53-4* Including Japan an
6、d Western EuropeA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 8Healthy habits checklistAvoid Information OverloadKeep charts simple: no anxious parade of knowledgeUse only one message per chartShow your message, not your analytical processA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 9DescriptionImpactProba
7、bilityProximityCurrent demand forecasting methodology has some key weaknesses, which mean that the forecasts generated under-estimate the level of interest that the Promotion Campaign is expected to generateDDDPriorityHBroadband demand is higher than current forecasts indicate because:The impact of
8、advertising on demand does not scale with size and breadth of campaignFOH and BOH estimates are underestimatedLevel of underlying demand is not well understood because1) forecasts used for operations planning are ADSL specific while the campaign is broadband focused and2) demand is only forecast for
9、 ADSL enabled exchanges If broadband demand is not confirmed and proposed P&A campaign adjusted to reflect this, underestimated demand at launch will result in: Reduced customer satisfaction Reduced customer service levelsIncreased and unanticipated review of service delivery budgeting (e.g. call ce
10、ntre staffing and training)Context /ImpactRevise ADSL demand forecasting methodology to address key issuesAbove the line impact advertising impact on market sizeBelow the line advertising forecastingAgree new FOH and BOH enquiry/sales conversion ratios with service delivery team and incorporate into
11、 demand modelOnce changes are incorporated, build in new reports to assess level of Broadband demand generated and to identify incremental impacts of proposed campaignDevelop a revised P&A campaign scope which:Ensures size and breadth of promotion campaign in consistent with organisation capability
12、to deliverMitigation StrategyTimeframe15 Sept22 SeptResp.Star Tel Business Case Co-ordinatorStar Tel Business Case Co-ordinator, Star Tel FOHStar Tel Business Case Co-ordinator, Star Tel Marketing Manager Star Tel Marketing ManagerMitigation strategies took the following formA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off
13、-site Training/wt 10Minimum legible font size depends on screen width and distance from screenWidth of screenFont size6 ft8 ft12 ft16pt15 ft18 ft20 ft18pt23252720pt30354522pt35405024pt45506030pt50607032pt627080A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 11Healthy habits checklistAvoid Information Over
14、loadKeep charts simple: no anxious parade of knowledgeUse only one message per chartShow your message, not your analytical processMake Charts For Presentations, not ReportsUse font size 16 or more!Write short sentences with action verbs, no bedtime storiesHighlight key words (e.g., bold/ color)A.T.
15、Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 12199619971998199920002001US$ Millions$1.2Major products share$1.8$0.9$2.0$2.9$3.4Our companys sales trends, 1996 - 2001A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 13Our sales have grown substantially since 1996, in spite of the decline in 1998US$ MillionsA.T. Kear
16、ney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 14Comparison of 2001 return on investment by companyA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 15In 2001, our company ranks first in return on investmentA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 16Market share trends, by company, 1996-2001Market Share, 1996Our Company
17、Competitor CCompetitor BCompetitor DCompetitor AMarket Share, 2001A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 17Our companys market share has improved since 1996Our CompanyCompetitor CCompetitor BCompetitor DCompetitor A96019601960196019601A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 1850%8YesPercentage
18、of Total: 100% = 16Results of recent opinion poll of 16 top management executives12.5%37.5%2Undecided6No“Should the political and social climate of developing countries influence our decision to expand into this market?Source:Recent opinion poll of 16 top management executivesA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Of
19、f-site Training/wt 19Less is more!Number of chartsDensity of informationConfusionBoredomDay-dreamingA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 20Healthy habits checklistAvoid Information OverloadKeep charts simple: no anxious parade of knowledgeUse only one message per chartShow your message, not you
20、r analytical processMake Charts For Presentations, not reportsUse font size 16 or more!Write short sentences with action verbs, no bedtime storiesHighlight key words (e.g., bold/ color)Ensure Powerful CommunicationPick the right representation to highlight your messageUse meaningful leadsRemember th
21、an less is moreA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 21Meaningful leads checklistnSentence (including verb) that describes the key message, not the data!Example: “Our market share is growing”, not “Market share trends by company.”nLead is one line long at maximum!nLead explains the message from
22、data, but does not fill data gaps!A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 22Choosing ChartsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 23There are 3 steps to choosing charts1. Determine Your Message2. Identify The Comparison3. Select The Chart FormA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 24It is ke
23、y to first be clear about the specific point you want to make1. Determine Your Message2. Identify The Comparison3. Select The Chart FormThe data does not determine the chartRather, it is your message, what you want to show, the specific point you want to makeA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt
24、 25Work Project 1nOn the following pages, you will find tabular data on the net sales, earnings before interest and taxes, and return on assets over 10 years for seven major U.S. book publishers. Assume Macmillan is our client.nOn the next page, write a list of 10 possible messages the data might yi
25、eld, based upon your analysis of the data. Dont worry whether or not the messages are accurate. As you write the messages, keep in mind these word:ShareRankTrendDistributionRelationshipA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 26Publishing Industry, 1970-1980Net Sales, $ Millions1970231.6134.161.059
26、.3400.3394.8128.31,409.41971256.5142.065.664.5386.6404.9134.71,454.81972292.6163.669.071.4393.9430.1144.11,564.71973317.5176.972.581.2420.4470.3153.21,692.01974252.2204.682.589.3466.6510.4176.11,781.71975248.7241.389.797.1477.3536.5194.01,884.61976247.0270.493.2108.7493.4589.8209.62,012.11977221.437
27、1.1114.4124.4512.7659.0230.62,233.61978242.8413.3137.1146.2553.5761.2254.92,509.01979278.4456.2167.1158.3529.8879.9281.62,751.31980312.7504.0170.2163.9566.01,000.1353.43,070.3Grolier, Inc.Harcourt Brace JovanovichHarper & Row Publishers, Inc.Houghton Mifflin Co.Macmillian Inc.McGraw Hill Inc.Prentic
28、e Hall Inc.TotalA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 27Publishing Industry, 1970-1980 (Contd)Earnings, Before Interest and Taxes, $ Millions197030.316.03.87.922.543.430.0153.9197129.216.94.58.524.440.031.2154.7197228.218.65.39.331.847.134.0174.3197329.521.15.712.939.460.936.5206.01974-30.624.36
29、.712.139.166.536.8154.919757.830.98.014.135.171.839.0206.71976-50.733.89.916.241.387.639.0177.1197716.142.011.219.547.5109.746.7292.7197817.149.69.426.254.2134.252.9343.6197919.254.614.127.439.3157.752.1364.4198029.455.815.519.534.2179.064.3397.7Grolier, Inc.Harcourt Brace JovanovichHarper & Row Pub
30、lishers, Inc.Houghton Mifflin Co.Macmillian Inc.McGraw Hill Inc.Prentice Hall Inc.TotalA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 28Publishing Industry, 1970-1980 (Contd)Return On Assets, Percent Earnings Before Interest And Taxes As a Percent of Total Assets19708.615.76.514.55.412.630.119717.315.17.
31、714.76.011.428.319726.014.88.614.57.910.930.019735.816.59.016.89.513.830.319747.615.549.815.358.414.927.11975-2.518.711.216.27.815.825.71976-21.713.411.917.08.318.222.819776.714.112.218.59.020.026.219786.715.86.323.19.621.826.819797.015.79.621.58.221.219.4198010.214.911.314.48.022.821.7Grolier, Inc.
32、Harcourt Brace JovanovichHarper & Row Publishers, Inc.Houghton Mifflin Co.Macmillian Inc.McGraw Hill Inc.Prentice Hall Inc. A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 29Messages1._6._2._7._3._8._4._9._5._10. _A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 30The second step is to identify the comparison in
33、cluded in the message1. Determine Your Message2. Identify The Comparison3. Select The Chart FormComponentItemTime seriesFrequency distributionCorrelationA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 31Definition of ComparisonExample of MessageAny message always leads to one of five basic kinds of compar
34、isons (1 of 2)Time SeriesComponentItemShows the size of each parts as percentage of totalIn May, Product A accounted for the largest share of total company salesClient share of market in 2001 is less than 10 percent of the industryTwo sources contributed almost half of total corporate fundsCompares
35、how things rank; are they the same, more, or less than othersIn May, sales of Product A exceeded those of Products B and CClients return on sales ranks fourthTurnover rates in the six departments are about equalShows how things change over time, whether the trends are increasing, decreasing, fluctua
36、ting, or remaining constantSales have risen steadily since JanuaryReturn on investment has decreased sharply over the past five yearsInterest rates have fluctuated over the past seven quartersA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 32Definition of ComparisonExample of MessageAny message always lea
37、ds to one of five basic kinds of comparisons (2 of 2)Frequency DistributionCorrelationShows how many items fall into a series of progressive numerical ranges; e.g., how many employees earn less than $30,000; how many people are between 10 and 20, 20 and 30, etc.In May, most sales were in the $1,000
38、to $2,000 rangeThe majority of shipments are delivered in five to six daysThe age distribution of company employees differs sharply from that of our competitorShows whether the relationship between two variables does or does not follow a pattern you would normally expectSales performance in May show
39、s no relationship between sales and the salespersons experienceChief executive officer compensation does not vary with size of companySize of policy increases with policyholder incomeA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 33MeaningTypical KeywordsEach comparison usually involves a set of typical
40、keywordsShare, percentage of total, accounts for X percent, half of total, Percentage of a totalComponentRanks, larger than, smaller than, equal to, Ranking of itemsItemTrend, change, grow, rise, decline, increase, decrease, fluctuate, Changes over timeTime SeriesX to Y range, concentration, frequen
41、cy, distribution, occurrence, center, Items within rangesFrequency DistributionRelated to, increases with, decreases with, changes/varies with, correlated, Relationship between variablesCorrelationA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 34Work Project 2nThe messages shown on the next two pages are
42、 based on actual analysis of the publishing industry data.nPlease identify the comparison or dual comparison indicated by each message.A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 351.In 1970, the top three companies generated 73% of total industry sales.2.Macmillan accounted for 18% of total industry
43、sales in 1980.3.Macmillan sales have risen 41% since 1970.4.The majority of companies are concentrated in the 10% to 20% share of sales range.5.In 1970, Macmillan accounted for almost 16% of industry earnings; in 1980, it accounted for only 9%.6.Since 1970, Macmillans return on assets has not kept p
44、ace with that of the industry as a whole.1._2._3._4._5._6._MessagesComparisonsWork Project 2 (1 of 2)A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 367.Macmillan had the lowest return on assets of any competitor in 1980.8.There is no relationship between share of industry sales and return on assets in 19
45、80.9.In 1980, four of the seven companies had return on assets between 10% and 20%.10.Macmillans earnings have not kept pace with the industrys since 1978.11.Macmillan and Houghton Mifflin were the two companies with earnings declines between 1979 and 1982.12.In 1980, Macmillan accounted for 18% of
46、total industry sales, but only 9% of earnings.7._8._9._10._11._12._MessagesComparisonsWork Project 2 (2 of 2)A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 37The final step is to select the right chart form1. Determine Your Message2. Identify The Comparison3. Select The Chart FormPie chartBar chartColumn
47、 chartLine chartDot chartA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 38There are five basic chart forms to plot dataThe Pie ChartThe Bar ChartThe Column ChartThe Line ChartThe Dot ChartEvery data chart is composed of one or more of the five basis chart formA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 39A
48、ll basic types of charts are frequently usedPie chartBar chartColumn chartLine chartDot chartCombinationsTypical Amount in a Presentation 5% 25% 10% 10% 50%( Typically way overused!)A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 40Each chart form is best equipped to illustrate one of five comparisonsKind
49、s of ComparisonBasic Chart FormsComponentItemTime SeriesFrequencyCorrelationPieBarColumnLineDotA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 41Using chartsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 42How to chart different comparisonsnComponent comparisonnItem comparisonnTime series comparisonnFrequency
50、distribution comparisonnCorrelation comparisonA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 43Company ACompany A has the smallest share of industry salesCompany BCompany CCompany DNo more than six components (use “others” category)Position the most important component against the 12 oclock line, or rank
51、 components by decreasing size clockwiseEmphasize most important component with color/ shadingA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 44DesignProduct design accounts for less than 10% of total costManufacturingSalesServiceBe creative to add emphasisDistributionA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Trainin
52、g/wt 4510% of the employees under 30 years have postgraduate degreesTotal Employees100%Use in conjunction with bar chartsAvoiding using too many pie chartsOver 30 yearsUnder 30 years100%High school graduateCollege graduatePost- graduateA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 46Our label distributi
53、on is different from theirsWhen comparing components, definitely use bar charts rather than pie chartsusLabel CLabel BLabel AthemTotalLabel ALabel BLabel CLabel ALabel BLabel CPoorPreferredTotal usTotal themA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 47How to chart different comparisonsnComponent comp
54、arisonnItem comparisonnTime series comparisonnFrequency distribution comparisonnCorrelation comparisonA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 48Clients return on sales ranks fourthUse a scale or numbers, not both Round-out figuresUse color to emphasizeA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 49Th
55、ere are six variations of the bar chart formA deviation bar chartdistinguishes the profit winners from the losersA sliding bar chartshows the different mix of two components,e.g., percentage of imports versus percentage of exportsA range bar chartshows the spread between low and high amounts, e.g.,
56、range of discountsA paired bar chartshows the correlation between two items,e.g., growth of market versus share of marketA grouped bar chartCompares various aspects of the same item, e.g., with and without discountA subdivided bar chartshows the components that make up the totalUse them!A.T. Kearney
57、 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 50Although total fringe benefits vary, profit sharing is the largest portion in all industriesProfit sharingOther benefitsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 51Product mix varies by areaABCProductsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 52Our company is above th
58、e average in both categories of salesCategory ACategory BAverageA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 53How to chart different comparisonsnComponent comparisonnItem comparisonnTime series comparisonnFrequency distribution comparisonnCorrelation comparisonA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt
59、 54Clients return on sales ranks fourthUse column chart for small set of data pointsif large set, use line chartMillionsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 55There are five alternatives to column chartsThe deviation column chart distinguishes, say, the profit-making years from the losing oneTh
60、e range column chart shows the spread between low and high amounts, like the barometric performance of the stock marketThe grouped column chart, with columns either butting against one another or overlapping, compares two items at each point in time and shows how the relationships change over time,
61、e.g., dollars with inflation and discounted for inflationThe subdivided column chart shows how the components contributing to the total vary over time, e.g., salary plus fringe benefits adding to total compensationThe step-column chart leaves no space between the columns and is best used to show dat
62、a that change abruptly at irregular intervals, such as personnel ceilings or capacityUse them!A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 56Projected growth appears unrealistic in light of performance over past 7 yearsWith too many data points, use line charts Can add emphasis, such as area shadingMil
63、lionsProjectedA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 57When using line charts, avoid too many lines at onceThe Spaghetti ChartABCDEUntangling the MessABACADAEA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 58Annual cash flow turns positive in 1998, allowing for break-even in 1999Use combination of line
64、s and columns for comparisonsMillionsAnnualCumulativeA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 59How to chart different comparisonsnComponent comparisonnItem comparisonnTime series comparisonnFrequency distribution comparisonnCorrelation comparisonA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 60The majo
65、rity of shipments are received in 5 to 6 daysUse histograms with relatively few bucketsTry different levels of precision to extract patternsNumbers of ordersDaysA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 61Most sales are between $30 and $50Use histographs with many data pointsNumbers of SalesSize of
66、SalesA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 62The age distribution of company employees differs sharply from that of the companys competitorUse lines and columns for comparisonsNumbers of ordersAgeCompanyCompetitorA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 63More employees in the higher salary bra
67、ckets have degreesWith DegreesWithout DegreesTotal EmployeesSalary GradesA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 64How to chart different comparisonsnComponent comparisonnItem comparisonnTime series comparisonnFrequency distribution comparisonnCorrelation comparisonA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Tr
68、aining/wt 65Expected PatternThere is no relationship between discount and volume soldDiscountUnit Volume SoldA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 66Expected PatternThere is a relationship between lower prices and increased volume soldPriceVolume SoldA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 67I
69、n Plant B, employees with more education receive higher salariesWeekly WagesEducation LevelWith collegeeducationEmployees withoutcollege educationA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 68There is a relationship between lower prices and increased volume sold123456789PriceVolumeSaleA.T. Kearney 37/
70、2333 Off-site Training/wt 69We are well positioned in the marketplaceMarket AttractiveCompany StrengthsProfit Contribution$ Millions 51 - 5 1A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 70One of our three business units has moved into a loss position1999 2000 2001Return on Spending0+0BReturn on AssetsR
71、eturn on Spending0+0CReturn on AssetsReturn on Spending0+0AReturn on AssetsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 71Work Project 3nOn the following pages, you will find several sets of data drawn from the analyses of the publishing industry data. On the basis of the data, please sketch the approp
72、riate charts. Dont worry about accuracy a quick sketch is sufficient.nAlso, write the message title you would use to reinforce each chart in the upper-left-hand space of the page.nIn every instance, be sure to identify the kind of comparison the message implies, and refer to the matrix to select the
73、 appropriate chart form.A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 72Share of Industry Sales By Company, 1980 (Percent)Houghton MifflinHarper & RowPrentice-HallHarcourt BraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan5.35.611.516.410.232.618.4100.03A. On the basis of the following data, sketch a chart to demonstrate
74、 Macmillans share of publishing sales in 1980 compared with that of its competitorsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 73A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 74Return on Assets, 1980(Percent)Houghton MifflinHarper & RowPrentice-HallHarcourt BraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan14.411.321.714.9
75、10.222.88.03B. On the basis of these data, sketch a chart that demonstrates how Macmillans return on assets ranks in the industry in 1980A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 75A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 76Share of Industry Sales, 1980 (Percent)Houghton MifflinHarper & RowPrentice
76、-HallHarcourt BraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan5.35.611.516.410.232.618.43C. On the basis of the data, sketch a chart that demonstrates whether or not a relationship exists between share of sales and return on assets in the publishing industry in 1980Return on Assets, 1980 (Percent)Houghton MifflinHa
77、rper & RowPrentice-HallHarcourt BraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan14.411.321.714.910.222.88.0A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 77A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 78Macmillan Net Sales3D. With this data, sketch a chart that demonstrates the trends on an index basis for Macmillans sales
78、 and earnings between 1970 and 1980, using 1970 as the base yearMacmillan Earnings19701971197219731974197519761977197819791980400.3386.6393.9420.4466.6477.3493.4512.7553.5529.8566.01009798105117119123128138132141$ millions1970 = 1001970197119721973197419751976197719781979198022.522.431.839.439.135.1
79、41.347.554.239.334.2100100141175174156184211241175152$ millions1970 = 100A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 79A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 80Share of Industry Sales by Company, 1980 (Percent)GrolierHarcourt BraceHarper & RowHoughton MifflinMacmillanMcGraw-HillPrentice-Hall10.216.
80、45.65.318.432.611.53E. On the basis of these data, sketch a chart that demonstrates that a majority of companies have a share of industry sales between 10 and 20 percent in 1980A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 81A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 82Share of Industry Sales By Company,
81、 1970 (Percent)GrolierHarcourt BraceHarper & RowHoughton MifflinMacmillanMcGraw-HillPrentice-Hall16.49.54.44.228.428.09.1100.03F.On the basis of the following data, sketch a chart that demonstrates the changing mix in share of industry sales from 1970 to 1980. Emphasize Macmillans shareShare of Indu
82、stry Sales By Company, 1980 (Percent)GrolierHarcourt BraceHarper & RowHoughton MifflinMacmillanMcGraw-HillPrentice-Hall10.216.45.65.318.432.611.5100.0A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 83A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 84Earnings, 1979 ($ Millions)McGraw-HillPrentice-HallHarcourt Br
83、aceMacmillanHoughton MifflinHarper & RowGrolier157.752.154.639.327.414.119.23G. With these data, sketch a chart that demonstrates the change in earnings between 1979 and 1980 for each of the seven companiesEarnings, 1980 ($ Millions)McGraw-HillPrentice-HallHarcourt BraceMacmillanHoughton MifflinHarp
84、er & RowGrolier179.064.355.834.219.515.529.4A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 85A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 86 Work Project 4nOn the following pages, you have six charts to sketch. In each case, the message title and the chart do not work together for one of three reasons:The w
85、rong chart has been selected to support the message titleThe scales chosen do not stress the messageThe chart is too complex and fails to communicate effectivelynFor each chart, identify the problem and sketch a new chart that demonstrates its message more quickly and clearly. Refer to the matrix wh
86、ere appropriate.A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 87A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 884A. Sand usage at Russel has not varied markedly over a 49 week periodNumber of WeeksSand Cars Delivered at Coal Dock Each WeekPlottingDataWeekCarsWeekCars13264232743328443294533046331573325833359
87、3345103355112364122374132384142394153403163413173423183433194443204452214462224472234482244492254A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 89A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 904B. This chart was intended to show that the client has built share in acetic acid and vinyl acetate, remained cons
88、tant in polyethylene, and lost share in ethanolChemicals Corp. Market Share Change1981 to 1983Market Share, 1983Market Share, 1981DACBABCDAcetic AcidEthanolPolyethyleneVinyl AcetateA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 91A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 924C. Product Cost Varies Widely(
89、Cents/Cubic Inch)JanuaryDecemberA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 93A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 94Comparison of Pain Relief Effectiveness(Aspirin Vs. Bufferin)15304560120180240BAPain Relief Scores4D. This chart attempts to demonstrate that you should take Aspirin (A) instead of
90、 Bufferin (B) because it enters your bloodstream more quickly and has a more lasting effect. Taking note of the scales used, sketch a chart that demonstrates the comparison more convincinglyA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 95A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 96Construction Costs For
91、 Existing And New Urban Cable SystemsCost Per Subscriber($)Total Construction Costs($ Millions)4E. The intent of this chart was to demonstrate that the cost per subscriber would not increase in proportion to total construction costs. Sketch a chart that will show the relative increases more accurate
92、lyA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 97A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 98$2,311$505$493$365$405$265$415SmallLargeTotal, $ MillionsBackhoesGradersHydraulic ExcavatorsSmall Wheel LoadersCrawler LoadersSmall DozersOff-Highway TrucksScrapersLarge Wheel LoadersLarge DozersSmall Machines
93、Account For Major Percentage of Sales In Seven Loading Markets4F.This chart form, while appropriate, is more complex than it needs to be to communicate its message. Sketch a new chart that will support the message title more quickly and clearlyA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 99A.T. Kearney
94、 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 100Visual Concepts and MetaphorsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 101Changing CourseA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 102Changing CourseA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 103Circular FlowsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 104Circular Flows
95、A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 105Circular FlowsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 106Filters and ScreensA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 107Forces at WorkA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 108Forces at WorkA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 109Forces at Work
96、A.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 110Forces at WorkA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 111InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 112InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 113InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 114Interre
97、lationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 115InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 116InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 117InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 118InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Trainin
98、g/wt 119InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 120InterrelationshipsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 121Leverage/ BalanceA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 122Leverage/ BalanceA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 123Linear FlowsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 124PenetrationA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 125ProcessesA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 126Vertical FlowsA.T. Kearney 37/2333 Off-site Training/wt 127Vertical Flows
