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1、Direct speech and Indirect speech (直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语)隋丽云定定 义义直接引语：直接说别人的话。直接引语：直接说别人的话。例：她说：例：她说：“我喜欢篮球。我喜欢篮球。”间接引语：转述说别人的话。间接引语：转述说别人的话。She said,“I like basketball.”例：她说她喜欢篮球。例：她说她喜欢篮球。She said that she liked basketball.陈陈述述句句的的转转换换1.由由that来引导，可以省略来引导，可以省略2.人称的变化人称的变化 口诀：一随主，二随宾，口诀：一随主，二随宾， 第三人称不变
2、化。第三人称不变化。3.时态的变化时态的变化4.时间状语变化（时间状语变化（资源评价下资源评价下B P2）5.方向性动词，情态动词，指方向性动词，情态动词，指示代词的变化示代词的变化人人 称称 的的 变变 化化一随主一随主She said,“ I like basketball.”She said that she liked basketball.Lily said, “My mother likes cooking. ”Lily said that her mother liked cooking. ”人人 称称 的的 变变 化化二随宾二随宾1.She said to me,“ You m
3、ust work hard” She said to me that I must work hard.She said to Lily that she could use it.2.She said to Lily,“You can use it.”人人 称称 的的 变变 化化第三人称不变化第三人称不变化1.She said to me,“ They want to help me.” She said to me that they wanted to help me.She said to Tony that Bob was a good boy.2.She said to Tony,
4、“Bob is a good boy.”时态的变化时态的变化 直接引语直接引语直接引语直接引语一般现在时一般现在时 （am is are/ do does/have has）一般过去时一般过去时(was were/did/ had)现在进行时现在进行时(be+v.ing)过去进行时过去进行时(was were+v.ing)现在完成时现在完成时(have has+done) 过去完成时过去完成时(had+done)一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时 (will+v原原.)过去将来时（过去将来时（would+v原原.）1.He said,“ I
5、 dont like milk.”He said that _ _ like milk.”hedidnt2.She said, “My father is having a party.”She said_ father _ _ a party.”herwas havingMary said that _ _ _ the work. ”3.Mary said, “They have finished the work. ”theyhadfinished4.Betty said, “I wii go to Beijing tomorrow.”4.Betty said_ _ _to Beijing
6、_ .”shewouldgothe next day直接引语直接引语直接引语直接引语指示代词指示代词thisthatthesethose方向性动词方向性动词 comegobringtake地点状语地点状语herethere情态动词情态动词cancouldmaymightshallshould方向性动词，情态动词，地点状语方向性动词，情态动词，地点状语,指示代指示代词的变化词的变化注意：注意：1.如果引语是客观事实或真理，时态没有变化如果引语是客观事实或真理，时态没有变化E.G.Teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the earth.”Teacher sa
7、id the sun is bigger than the earth.2. 如果在当天转述，如果在当天转述，today,yestoday,tomorrow等时间状语不用转换。等时间状语不用转换。E.GTony said, “I will have a TV show today.”Tony said he would have a TV show today.”3.如果在当地转述，如果在当地转述，here不用转换为不用转换为there.(课本课本P48)注意：注意：4.如果引语中有直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、如果引语中有直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态
8、不变。某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 5.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 注意：注意：6.如果直接引语中的情
9、态动词没有过去时的形式如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：（例：ought to， had better, used to)已经是过去时的形式时不再变。已经是过去时的形式时不再变。 （例：（例：could, should, would, might）Peter said to me, You had better come have today.Peter said to me (that) I had better go there that day。7.如果如果主句主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不变。是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不变。Tom says,”
10、 Mike is from America”.Tom says Mike is from America.直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变 问问句句型型的的转转换换1.直接引语如果是反意疑直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为疑问句，间接引语应改为由由whether或或if引导的宾语引导的宾语从句从句. He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. 问问句句型型的的转转换换You have finished the homew
11、ork, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 问问句句型型的的转转换换Do you go to school by bus or by bike?选择疑问句变为选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句宾语从句He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike. 问问句句型型的的转转换换2.直接引语如果是特直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语殊问句，间接引语应该改为由应该改为由疑问代疑问代词词或或疑问副词疑
12、问副词引导引导的宾语从句（宾语的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句从句必须用陈述句语序）。语序）。 问问句句型型的的转转换换She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 问问句句型型的的转转换换3.直接引语如果是直接引语如果是祈使祈使句句，间接引语应改为，间接引语应改为tell (ask, order, beg等等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。句型。 Dont make any noise, she said to the children. 句句型型的
13、的转转换换直接引语是感叹句时间直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为接引语为what 或或how 引导，也可以用引导，也可以用that 引导。引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .She said that it was a lovely day. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film He suggested that they should go to see the film. 问问句句型型的的转转换换4.直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈开头的祈使句，变为间接引语使句，变为间接引语时，通常用时，通常用“suggest +动句词动句词（或从句）。（或从句）。” Michelle
