《沥青发泡温拌技术课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《沥青发泡温拌技术课件（31页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、URBAN ROAD DESIGNChapter 2- Urban Road Network PlanningSchool of Civil EngineeringSchool of Civil Engineering4March2013Page 2Page 3PrefacenUrban planning(urban,city,andtownplanning)isatechnicalandpoliticalprocessconcernedwiththecontroloftheuseoflandanddesignoftheurbanenvironment,includingtransportat
2、ionnetworks,toguideandensuretheorderlydevelopmentofsettlementsandcommunities.Itconcernsitselfwithresearchandanalysis,strategicthinking,urbandesign,publicconsultation,policyrecommendations,implementationandmanagement.Page 4PrefacenRealurbanplanningis a relatively new concept. It gained popularitybegi
3、nninginthemid-to-late19thcentury,whenitbecameobviousthatthereshouldbesomekindofplanorlargergoalsforthegrowthofbigcitieslikeNewYorkandPhiladelphia.Beforethistime,citiesveryoftengrewastheyhadneed,andthesurroundinglandwasjustswallowedup.London,Paris,Tokyo-noneoftheseworldcitieshadmuchurbanplanning,ande
4、vennow,theaddressesandstreetsintheiroldersectionscanbeconfusingeventonatives.nNowadays,urbanplanningtakesallaspectsofacityintoconsideration.Itincludes plans for safety, aesthetics and common sense placement ofeverythingfromhousestofactories.Parentswouldntwanttheirchildrensplaygroundnexttothewatertre
5、atmentplant,forinstance,andurbanplanninghelps eliminate such problems. Goals for attractivearchitectureforcitybuildingsareputintoplaceandpleasinggreenspacesare planned. Goodurban planninggets schools into the neighborhoodswhere they are needed most, places hospitals in centralized locations,allowsfo
6、rgrowthandplansroadsaccordingly.Page 5PrefacenPerhapsgoodurbanplanningismostevidentingoodroadsplanninginacity. Anticipating growth and traffic needs for a big city is crucial.Urbanplannersmustconsiderhowfuturegrowthwillaffecttrafficflowandtrytoeliminatetroublespotsbeforetheybecomeaproblem.Evenplacin
7、gsewersystemsanddrainagesystemsisanecessaryelementofurbanplanning, albeit a less glamorous one.Urbanplanners mustconsider geography, the water table and numerous other elements of acityslandscapeinordertoproperlyplanforthisnecessity.nBecausesomanydisciplinesmakeupthelargerconceptofurbanplanning,a gr
8、oup ofurban planners may have widely divergent degrees:civilengineering,architecture,botany,landscapedesign,electricalengineering,businessadministration,andsoon.Urbanplannerswhoaregoodatwhattheydoarehighlysoughtafterbymunicipalgovernments.Whenefficienturbanplanningisused,citiesaremoreattractiveandse
9、rvetheircitizenstothebestoftheirpotential.Page 6Page 7Page 8Page 9Outlines1.FunctionsofUrbanRoadNetwork2.ShapeForms3.KeyTechnicalIndexes4.UrbanRoadNetworkPlanningProcedurePage 101. Functions of Urban Road NetworknTrafficfunctionnPublicspacenDisasterpreventionandreliefnCitystructurePage 112. Shape Fo
10、rmsnUrbanroadnetworkisformedbythecombinationofhistory,geography,nature,andscaleofthecity.nBasicshapeforms:Square shape Radiating and circular shape Free shape Hybrid typePage 122. Shape Forms - Square shapenSuitableforsmallandmedium-sizedflatcitynRegulararrangement,behelpfulforbuildinglayoutnInterse
11、ctionsaretoomany,resultinginanun-convenientdiagonaltraffic.Page 13Old town of XianPage 142. Shape Forms Radiating and circular shapenApplicableforbigandsuper-bigcitynSubareasareconnectedwiththecenterclosely.nThetrafficinthecenterisheavy.Page 15Paris CityPage 16MoscowPage 172. Shape Forms - Free shap
12、enApplicableforrollingterrainnMergedwiththeterrainandnaturenCausedisordertrafficandabnormalintersectionsPage 18Page 192. Shape Forms Hybrid shape (most of the city)Page 20Page 21Page 22城市道路网结构形式n方格网式n放射环式n自由式n混合式Page 233. Key Technical IndexesnDensityofroadnetworknDensityofroadareanRoadareaperperson
13、Page 24城市规模与人口(万人)快速路主干路次干路支路道路网密度(km/km2)大城市2000.40.5 0.81.2 1.21.4 342000.30.4 0.81.2 1.21.4 34中等城市1.01.2 1.21.4 34大中城市道路网密度指标表大中城市道路网密度指标表城市人口(万人)干路支路道路网密度(km/km2)5343515454615668小城市道路网密度指标表小城市道路网密度指标表Page 253. Key Technical Indexesn道路面积密度是城市各类、各级道路占地面积与城市用地总面积之比值。其中道路用地总面积包括：交通广场、停车场及其它道路交通设施用地。
14、城市道路规划设计规范规定一般以8%15%较为适宜。对于人口在200万以上的大城市，宜为15%20%。n城市人口人均道路占有率宜为715平方米/人。其中，道路面积宜为613.5平方米/人，广场面积宜为0.20.5平方米/人，公共停车场面积宜为0.81平方米/人。Page 263. Key Technical IndexesnNonlinearfactorPage 274、 Urban Road Network Planning Proceduren一、城市道路网规划设计的一般方法n1）现状调查，资料准备na、城市地形图nb、城市用地布局和交通规划初步方案nc、城市道路交通现状调查资料nd、城市发
15、展社会经济资料ne、城市道路交通现状存在的问题n2）道路系统初步方案设计n3）对干道主要控制点、横断面形式、干道竖向布置等具体问题提出设计方案。n4）修改道路系统规划方案n5）绘制道路系统规划图n6）编制道路系统规划方案说明n二、城市道路系统规划的评价Page 28General process of urban road network planningnInvestigationofcurrenttrafficandpreparationofplanningdata;nPreliminaryplanningandmodifyingofroadsystem;nPlottingplanofro
16、adsystem;(planeplan,standardcrossplan,andverticalplan)nDescribetheexplanation.nEvaluationandmodificationprocessPage 29西客站片区内慢行道与外部慢西客站片区内慢行道与外部慢行道行道统统一一规规划示例划示例Page 30Homeworkn1.Readapaperandpreparealiteraturereview;n2.SearchthepapersaboutBus only lane andBicycle only lane, prepareapresentation.Questions？
