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1、Chemical EOR Progress in China Chemical EOR Progress in China Advances and ChallengesAdvances and ChallengesHarry L. ChangHOutline of PresentationOutline of PresentationOverviewRecent advancementsChemical EOR in ChinaPolymer floodingASP floodingFacilitiesSome controversial issues and challengesSumma
2、ryChemical EOR Global StatusChemical EOR Global StatusChina has most field experiencesUS has focused on improvements in chemicals, lab studies, and simulatorsIncreased chemical EOR mechanistic understandings and field activities in US and world-wide in recent years Harry L. ChangHarry L. ChangGenera
3、l UnderstandingGeneral UnderstandingPolymer flooding (PF): A mature EOR processPolymer gels: Used successfully in water shut-off and profile modification in selected reservoirsSurfactant-polymer (SP): Effective but expensiveASP: Effective, less expensive, but requires extensive treatment of injectio
4、n/produced fluidsHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangRecent AdvancementsRecent AdvancementsChemicalsLaboratory StudiesSimulation and SimulatorsProject Design and ImplementationFacilities, Monitoring, and EvaluationMore Field ExperiencesHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangEOR ChemicalsEOR ChemicalsPolymers and relat
5、ed chemicalsSurfactantsCo-surfactantsCo-solventsHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangImprovements on PolymersImprovements on Polymers(UT David Levitt Dissertation)(UT David Levitt Dissertation)Harry L. ChangHarry L. ChangImproved Laboratory TechniquesImproved Laboratory TechniquesPhase behavior/solubalizatio
6、n ratioHigh temperature and live oilCore flood techniquesHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangPhase Behavior ExperimentsPhase Behavior ExperimentsPhase behavior experimentsInexpensive technique for surfactant formulationMeasure solubalization parameters/IFTsMeasure coalescence/equilibration timeDetermine mic
7、roemulsion viscosities Specific surfactant(s) can be tailored for specific oilsHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangAn Excellent ME Phase Behavior An Excellent ME Phase Behavior 0.01.02.00.51.52.53.03.54.0Salinity, %:0.751.251.752.252.75Interface Fluidity Interface Fluidity High oil recovery90% Sorw, or Sorc
8、 500 ppm.pv nowProduction of polymer and emulsions may be expected Large scale injection/production facilities are necessary for successful operationsHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangPolymer Flooding also ShowedPolymer Flooding also ShowedSimplified field operations have been practiced in field-wide oper
9、ationsOn-site polymer production would improve the economicsKYPAM polymers appears to be more effective in high perm and high salinity reservoirsVisco-elastic behavior can reduce Sor (SPE127453)CDG will enhance PF performanceHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangOil Production by Polymer FloodingDaqing Oilfie
10、ld, ChinaA Typical PF Field PerformanceA Typical PF Field PerformanceTypical Pressure and Polymer ProductionTypical Pressure and Polymer ProductionOil Production by Polymer FloodingShengli Oilfield, ChinaKYPAM PolymersKYPAM PolymersComb like with short branched chain to maintain effectiveness in hig
11、h salinity brinesWide MW range for reservoirs with different permeabilitiesSuccessfully applied in some reservoirs in China Harry L. ChangHarry L. ChangViscosity Data of KYPAM PolymerViscosity Data of KYPAM PolymerConcentrationConcentrationviscosityviscosityPerformance of KYPAM PolymersPerformance o
12、f KYPAM PolymersPerformance of KYPAM PolymersPerformance of KYPAM PolymersASP Floods in ChinaASP Floods in ChinaPilot testing: Daqing, Shengli, KaramayLarge scale field projects in DaqingLarge scale injection/production facilities have been developed in DaqingEmulsion and scale productions were obse
13、rvedHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangField ExamplesField ExamplesDaqingKaramayASP pilot simulationHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangASP Pilot Tests Conducted in ASP Pilot Tests Conducted in Daqing OilfieldDaqing OilfieldHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangASP Results in DaqingASP Results in DaqingHigh incremental reco
14、verySevere emulsion productionSevere scale productionSP with A instead of ASP?One of the most difficult oil for SP floodingHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangKaramay ASP Pilot Test Design and Karamay ASP Pilot Test Design and Field PerformanceField Performance (SPE 64726) (SPE 64726)Process design/manageme
15、nt: Harry ChangProject implementation: Karamay OilfieldA single surfactant system using petroleum sulfonates produced in a local refineryApplied the salinity gradient with STPP for sequestration ASP Pilot Test Well Pattern, ASP Pilot Test Well Pattern, 2Z-B9-3 Well Group2Z-B9-3 Well GroupKaramay Oil
16、 Field (SPE 64726)Karamay Oil Field (SPE 64726)ASP Slug Design and Injection SequenceASP Slug Design and Injection Sequence(SPE 64726)(SPE 64726)PAMPAMPAMPAMModelling Core Flood - Karamay ASP ProjectModelling Core Flood - Karamay ASP Project Modelling Coreflood Modelling Coreflood (UTCHEM)(UTCHEM) -
17、 Karamay ASP - Karamay ASP Project Project Modelling of Pilot Area Performance (SPE 39610 and 64726)Some Comments on ASPSome Comments on ASPASP requires special crude oils to improve performancesASP slug cost less but other costs would be substantial (treating injection brine and produced fluids) Lo
18、w surfactant concentration (90oCModeling polymer visco-elastic effectsLow MW polymers for low perm. reservoirsSurfactants with low adsorption and other additivesLow cost and effective emulsion breakersNew scale prevention technologiesHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangSummarySummaryA large number and varie
19、ty of high performance surfactants and polymers are now available for EORChemical flooding is now being used for highly viscous crudes, under higher salinity and higher temperature conditionsLow cost and more effective lab methods have been developed for chemical formulationsHigh recovery efficiency
20、 (90% OOIP) has been obtained in low permeability sandstone and dolomite reservoir coresThe amount of surfactant needed to recovery the oil has been reduced by a factor of 2 - 5 compared to technology used in 70s and 80s Summary (Contd)Summary (Contd)Polymer flooding has been applied in commercial scalesASP and SP have only been applied successfully in pilot scalesMany challenges are still remained in the future in chemical floodingLarge resources are available for chemical floodingHarry L. ChangHarry L. ChangTHANK YOU!THANK YOU!
