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1、英语复习语法训练英语复习语法训练情态动词用法详解情态动词用法详解情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 定定 义义情情情情态态态态动动动动词词词词是是是是一一一一种种种种本本本本身身身身有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的词词词词义义义义,表表表表示示示示说说说说话话话话人人人人的的的的情情情情绪绪绪绪、态态态态度度度度或或或或语语语语气气气气的的的的动动动动词词词词,但但但但不不不不能能能能单单单单独独独独作作作作谓谓谓谓语语语语,只只只只能能能能和和和和其其其其他他他他动词原形构成谓语。动词原形构成谓语。动词原形构成谓语。动词原形构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能
2、按时去那儿。我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname?我能知道你的名字吗?我能知道你的名字吗?Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗?我们现在就开始吗?Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can can can can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (could), may (might)
3、, must, need, ought to, dare (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)(dared), shall (should), will (would)(dared), shall (should), will (would)(dared), shall (should), will (would) . . . . 情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 位
4、位 置置情情态态动动词词在在句句中中放放在在谓谓语语动动词词之之前前,谓谓语语动动词词前前若若有有助助动动词词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,情态动词放在主语之前。情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你,过来吧。我能看见你,过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么?你要什么?Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那样对待我们你怎么敢那样对待我们!情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 特特 点点情情态态动动词词无无人人称称和和数数的的变变化化,情情态态动动
5、词词后后面面跟跟的的动动词词需需用用原原形形,否否定定式式构构成成是是在在情情态态动动词词后后面面加加“not”。个个别别情情态态动动词词有有现现在在式式和和过过去去式式两两种种形形式式,过过去去式式可可以以用用来来表表达达更更加加客客气气、委委婉婉的的语语气气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。他很快就来。Wecantcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。我们搬不动那箱子。ImsorryIcanthelpyou.对不起,我帮不上你。对不起,我帮不上你。情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 用用 法法1
6、.can(could)表表示示说说话话人人能能,可可以以,同同意意,准准许许,以以及及客客观观条条件件许许可可,could为为can的过去式。的过去式。Canyoupassmethebooks?你能给我递一下书吗你能给我递一下书吗?Couldyouhelpme,please?请问请问,你能帮助我吗你能帮助我吗?Whatcanyoudo?你能干点什么呢你能干点什么呢?Canyoubesure?你有把握吗你有把握吗?can和和could只只能能用用于于现现在在式式和和过过去去式式两两种种时时态态,将将来来时时态态用用beableto来表示。来表示。Hecouldhelpusatall.他完全可以帮
7、助我们。他完全可以帮助我们。Withtheteachershelp,IshallbeabletospeakEnglishcorrectly.有有老师的帮助老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。我将能准确地讲英语。2.may(might)“可以可以”,表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。,表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。Youmaytakethebookhome.你可以把书带回家去。你可以把书带回家去。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗我可以进来吗?MayIuseyourdictionary?我可以用你的词典吗我可以用你的词典吗?Youmayputonmoreclothes.你可以多穿点衣服。你可
8、以多穿点衣服。Hesaidhemightlendussomemoney.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may否否定定式式为为maynot,缩缩写写形形式式是是maynt。might是是may的的过过去去式式,有有两两种种用用法法,一一种种表表示示过过去去式式,一一种种表表示示虚虚拟拟语语气气,使使语语气更加委婉、气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。客气或对可能性的怀疑。Hetoldmehemightbehereontime.他说他能按时间来。他说他能按时间来。MightIborrowsomemoneynow?我可以借点钱吗我可以借点钱吗?Hemightbealive.他可能
9、还活着。他可能还活着。3.must“必必须须;应应该该;一一定定;准准是是”,表表示示说说话话人人认认为为有有必必要要做做某某事事,命命令令、要要求求别别人人做做某某事事以以及及对对事事物物的的推推测测。must用用来来指指一一般般现现在时和一般将来时,在时和一般将来时,过去式可用过去式可用haveto的过去式代替。的过去式代替。I must finish my work today. I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。我今天必须完成我的工作。 You You mustnmustnt work all the time. t work all t
10、he time. 你不能老是工作。你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗我必须明天还书吗? ? After After such such a a long long walk, walk, you you must must be be tired. tired. 走走了了这这么么长长的的路路, , 你一定累了。你一定累了。 He must be the man I am looking for. He must be the man I am looking fo
11、r. 他一定是我要找的人。他一定是我要找的人。 He He had had to to go go because because of of somebodys somebodys calling calling him him that that day. day. 那天他要走,因为有人叫他。那天他要走,因为有人叫他。值得注意的是:值得注意的是:(1)must+have+过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it. He must have told my parents about i
12、t. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 He must have received my letter now. He must have received my letter now. 他现在一定收到我的信了。他现在一定收到我的信了。 Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。(2)must和和haveto的区别的区别:mus
13、t表示说话人的主观思想表示说话人的主观思想,haveto“不得不不得不,必须必须”,表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。,表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。Youmustdoitnow.你必需现在就干。你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干说话人认为必须现在干)Ihavetogonow.我得走了。我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走客观条件必须现在走)Youmustbehereontimenexttime.你下次一定要按时来。你下次一定要按时来。Ihavetocookformychild.我得给孩子做饭。我得给孩子做饭。4.need“需要需要”,多用在否定式或疑问句中,多用在否定式或疑问句中.NeedIa
14、ttendthemeetingtomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗我需要明天参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.这一周你不必交论文。这一周你不必交论文。need是是一一个个情情态态动动词词,他他的的用用法法完完全全和和其其他他情情态态动动词词一一样样,但但need还还可可当当作作实实义义动动词词使使用用,这这时时need就就象象其其他他动动词词一一样样,有有第第三人称,单复数,三人称,单复数,后面加带后面加带to的动词等特性。的动词等特性。Ineedabiketogotoschool.我上学需要一辆自行车。我上学需要一辆自行车。Doyouneedad
15、ictionary?你需要词典吗你需要词典吗?Sheneedsanecklace.她需要一条项链。她需要一条项链。注注意意:“neednt+have+过过去去分分词词”表表示示过过去去做做了了没没必必要要做做的的事事情。情。Youneednthavetakenitseriously.这件事情你不必太认真。这件事情你不必太认真。5.dare“敢敢”,多用在否定或疑问句中。,多用在否定或疑问句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小小女女孩孩不不敢敢在在公公众众面前说话。面前说话。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小猫吗你敢抓小猫吗?dare
16、除除用用作作情情态态动动词词外外,更更多多的的是是当当实实义义动动词词使使用用,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?你敢黑夜走路吗?你敢黑夜走路吗?Hedoesntdaretotelltheteacherwhat happened thatday.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6.ought“应当;应该应当;应该”,后面跟带有,后面跟带有to的动词不定式。的动词不定式。Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtore
17、pairthemotorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。你应该读这些书。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该把孩子带来。你应该把孩子带来。ought+tohavedone句型。指过去动作句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。表示一件事情该做而未做。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.你昨天就应该来。你昨天就应该来。oughtnottohavedone句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookoutoftherea
18、ding-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。你不应该把书带出阅览室。7.will(would)表表决决心心、愿愿望望。would为为will的的过过去去式式,可可用用于于各各人人称。称。Illdomybesttocatchupwiththem.我要尽全力赶上他们。我要尽全力赶上他们。Illneverdoitagain,thatsthelasttime.我我再再不不会会做做那那件件事事情情了了,这是最后一次。这是最后一次。Hesaidhewouldhelpme.他说他会帮助我。他说他会帮助我。will,would用用于于疑疑问问句句表表示示说说话话人人向向对对方方提提出出请请求求或或询询问问,用
19、用would比比will更婉转更婉转,客气。客气。Itshot.Willyouopenthewindows?天气太热了天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗你能打开窗户吗?Willyouhelpmetoworkitout?你能帮我解这道题吗你能帮我解这道题吗?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?给你来点咖啡怎样?给你来点咖啡怎样?8.shall,should表示命令表示命令,警告警告,允诺允诺,征求征求,劝告劝告,建议建议,惊奇。惊奇。Youshouldhandintheexercisebook.你应该交作业本儿了。你应该交作业本儿了。Thisshouldbenoproblem.这应该没问题。这
20、应该没问题。Shallwegonow?我们现在可以走了吗我们现在可以走了吗?WhyshouldImeethim?为什么我要见他为什么我要见他?情态动词专练题情态动词专练题1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,_.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidnt.A.shou
21、ldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.cameD.shouldhavecome4.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthebybus.A.mightgo B.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone6.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdontknowhowtoplaybridge.A.h
22、adbetterB.wouldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustnthavehurriedB.neednthavehurriedC.couldhavehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.WedidntstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.couldC.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneough
23、tforwhatonehasntdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished11.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedntB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustntD.No,youwont12.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenf
24、asterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto14.Ididntseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustnthavespokenB.shouldnthavespokenC.neednthavespokenD.couldnthavespoken15.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay16.Youtakey
25、ourumbrella.Iamsureitwontrain.A.shouldntB.cantC.donthavetoD.mustnt17.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.dontneedB.doesntneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot18.Lookwhatyouhavedone.Youhavebeencareful.A.should B.canC.mustD.may19.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.mightsee20.Lets
26、gotothecinema,shallwe?A.No,IcantB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,wedbetternot21.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,youhavemadesomanymistakes.A.wontB.wouldntC.maynot D.mustnt22.WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildrenmakealotofnoise.A.willB.wouldC.weretoD.weregoingto23.Whyisitsodark.Therebeaheavyraincoming.A.shallB.ma
27、yC.shouldD.will24.Tomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedB.musthavehappenedC.canhavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened25.Tom,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.wont,couldB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should26.“Canyouimaginehowaboutit?”“No,Icant.”A.couldtheyknowpossiblyB.couldtheypossiblyknowC.theyc
28、ouldpossiblyknowD.possiblytheycouldknow27.Tomfullmarks,buthewastoocarelessaspellingmistake.A.couldgain,tomakeB.couldhavegained,tomakeC.couldhavegained,andmade D.couldhavegained,astomake28.Iwonderhowshethedrunkensailortheotherday.A.darefightingoffB.daredfightoffC.daretofightoffD.daredfightingoff29.themantherebeournewteacher?Hebe,butImnotsure.A.May,mustntB.Can,mayC.Must,cantD.Can,cant30.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?ItbeTom.Heisstillintheschool.A.can,cantB.can,mustntC.might,couldD.might,mayGood-bye!