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1、Statistical Table and Graph1. Statistical TableExampleInthisstudy,221childrenweretestedincounty A and 4 cases were found suffering fromrachitis;theprevalenceratewas18.10perthousand.125childrenweretestedincountyBand9caseswerefound; the prevalence rate was 72.00 per thousand.248childrenweretestedincou
2、ntyCand2caseswerefound;theprevalenceratewas8.00perthousand.lVerytiredandverbose.lDifficulttoremainanyimpression. Put into a tablelClearimpression!lEasytocompareeachother! Table1Rachitisprevalenceratesin5counties(1) Construction of statistical table lTitle:content,timeandplace(top)lItems:rowitem(left
3、)andcolumnitem(top)Rowitem-subjectColumnitem-predicate(measuresandunit).lLines(horizontalonly):Topandbottom(dark):definetherangeoftableOthers(light):separateitemsandfigures.lFigures:putinorder. (2) Types of Statistical tableslSimpletable:OnevariableonlyRowitem:SubjectColumnitem:PredicateThetableread
4、as:1.ThegroupofHBsAgcarriershas1457personstested,46positivewithpositiverate3.16%.2.ThegroupofHBpatientshas1224personstested,161positivewithpositiverate13.15%.lCombinativetable:Morethan2variables(3) Frequent Mistakes in TableslContent:Toomuch,mixofimportantandmanynon-importantoneslTitle:Notexactlyfit
5、thecontentlItems:InappropriatelyarrangedlFigures:Totalandsubtotals,digitsanddecimalslLines:UsingverticallinesandobliquelinesWhatswrongwiththefollowingtable?2. Statistical graphs Basicrequirements:lAxis:Y-axis(vertical)andX-axis(horizontal).lLegend:explainmeaningofcolorsorpatterns. lTitle:underthegra
6、ph;content,time,place.(1) Bar chartCompare figures of different populationsFig.1Averagecostofoutpatientsinahospitalduring1994-1997 (2) Percent bar chartComparefrequenciesofacategoryvariableFig.2Motherseducationmanneringroupofdrugaddictsandgroupofcontrols.(xxplace,1996)(3) Pie ChartDescribepercentage
7、sofalltheparts Fig.3Percentagesofthereasonsforre-addiction(xxplace,1996) (4)Line graphlDescribethechangingofYwithX(time)-tendency Fig.8-5Incidenceratesofstomachcancerinacity(5) Semi-logarithmic line graphInordertoshow theincreasingintermsof mortalityrate,onemayusethelog-scaleforhorizontalaxis(6) Sca
8、tter diagramDescribetherelationshipbetweentwonumericalvariables.Fig.8-8FluorescentdensityandvitaminC(7) HistogramDescribeafrequencydistributionofXFig.8-9Agedistributionoffirstattackamong215casesSummarylAnicetablecansavealotofwords,showthefundamentalcharacteristicsandtheirrelationshipclearly.lComparingtostatisticaltables,nicelookingstatisticalplotsareevenmoreintuitiveandunderstandable.lContrarily,apoororganizedtableoramessyplotmaysickenpeople.
