Chapter Eleven Insurance •liner•tramp •non-negotiable B/L•air waybill •forwarder •in light of •time and again Packing containers1. 请将第308号合同项下的50公吨花生装东风号货轮.Please ship the 50M/T peanuts under S/C 308 by SS “Dongfeng” . Packing containers2. 我们很高兴的通知你方，我们已经在东风号货轮订舱，以便装运第308号合同货物，该轮船将在5月27日启航去伦敦We take pleasure in notfying you that we have booked shipping space on SS “Dongfeng” for the goods under S/C 308, the vessel will set sail for London on May 27. Contents of Chapter 11Section One IntroductionSection Two Specimen LettersSection Three Useful Words &ExpressionsSection Four Useful SentencesSection Five Exercises As a high percentage of our trade in and out in a country goes by ship, what mainly concerns us is the Marine Insurance. In this chapter we are going to discuss the different kinds of risks of insurance that are commonly dealt with in customary practices.Notesperil 危险intangible trade无形贸易Section One Introduction InsuranceThe purpose of insurance is to providecompensation for those who suffer from loss and damage•The business of providing insurance 保险业•The money you pay regularly to an unsurance company = insurance premium 保险费•The contract of insurance is insurance policy. 保单 •General average共同海损 It is a loss resulting from a voluntary sacrifice or expenditure, in time of peril, for the safty of hull, cargo and freight.•Particular average单独海损 It means partial loss or damage accidentally caused to the ship or to a particular lot of goods. It is not a total loss. It must be borne by the owner of the property suffering the loss. Parties Involved in Insurance•Insurer: a person or company that provices insurance = insurance underwriter 保险商•Insured: a person whose life or property is insured an insured 投（受）保人•Policy- holder: someone who has bought insurance for something, the owner of an insurance policy 保单持有人 Major types of insurance•FPA (Free from particular average) 平安险It is a limited form of cargo insurance only provides coverage for total losses and general average emerging from the actual “marine perils” like vessel being stranded or sunk. Main types of insurance•WPA （with particular average) 水渍险 It is a wider cover than FPA. It provides extensive cover, including partial loss or damage which may be attributed to natural disasters. Main types of insurance•All Risks 一切险（综合险） It is the most comprehensive of the three basic coverage. The insurer is responsible for all total or partial loss of, or damage to the goods insured either from sea perils or general external causes. Main types of insurance•General additional risks 一般附加险Include TPND (Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险Fresh Water Rain Damage 淡水雨淋险Risk of shortage 短量险Risk of intermixture and contamination混杂沾污险It is included in All Risks coverage. Main types of insurance•Special additional risksInclude War Risk, Strikes RiskFailure to delivery 交货不到险Import Duty Risk 进口关税险On deck Risk 舱面险 These additional risks are insured together with FPA, WPA and All Risks. Specimen 1 P197CommentsThis letter is a very good example to show conciseness. In the letter the writer say his requirements clearly by using very simple words and structures. Notes1 Salted Hog Casings 猪肠衣2 at your end 你地Section Two Specimen Letters Specimen 2 P198CommentsIn this letter, the writer expresses his customary practice of insurance. It is necessary to state clearly what coverage you want and how the premium is paid. Notes1 valid up to 有效期至2 customary practice 惯例3 to cover insurance for 130% of the invoice value against All Risks 按发票金额的130%投保一切险4 for our account由我方负担 •InsureInsure on one’s behalf 为...投保Insure against All Risks / FPA / WPA 投保...险Insure against...at...% of invoice value 按发票金额的...% 投保...险e.g.请按照发票金额的110%为我方投保一切险。
•Premium The payment made for insurance e.g. Health insurance premium maxium premium Specimen 3 P198CommentsIf the premium exceeds what you can pay as your usual practice, you should point it out beforehand what you should do with this problem. When talking about it, you should tell the reason why you cannot do as requested. Notes1 the captioned goods 标题货物2 usual practice 按照惯例 Language point•Take out insurance for (the amount) 以...金额投保•Cover the shipment with... against... 向...保险公司为货物投保...险We have covered the shipment with Lloyd’s against All Risks.请在你地为我方投保，保费由我方承担。
请向中国人民保险公司为我们商品投保战争险及一切险，投保金额为发票金额的110% Specimen 4 P199CommentsIn this letter, the writer uses some jargons, eg. WPA, ALL RISKs. Generally speaking, we should avoid using commercialese in business letter writing, but in fact, as for trade terms we have to use in the writing because they help to make the meaning clear and easy to understand. From this point of view, business letter writers should not only know how to compose good letters but also know as many as possible the terms that are commonly used in foreign trade. Notes in regard to 关于2 in the absence of definite instructions没有接到我方客户明确指示前提下3 premium 保险费 Specimen 5 P200CommentsIn writing the letters of asking somebody to do something for you, of course, you should be polite and sincere. Notes1 at invoice value plus 10%按发票金额的110%2 refund the premium 付清保费 Specimen 6 P200CommentsThis letter enquires for the information of insurance. Notes1 liner 货轮2 issue a special rate 特惠保率 Specimen 7 P201CommentsWhen you find the clause cannot be satisfied, please tell the other party how to do. Notes1 Glazed Wall Tiles 上釉墙壁瓷砖2 Breakage 破碎险3 franchise 免赔率 Specimen 8 P19202CommentsIn this letter the writer asks for the replacement for the damaged goods.Notes1. Tripoli 黎波里2. split 裂开3. in the presence of the shipping company’s agents 在轮船公司代理在场的情况下4. take the matter up 提出要求处理 Language Point•Insurance surveyor •In the present of ....在场的情况下•charge sh. to one’s account 记在...的帐上e.g. Please insure our goods against All Risks and War Risks, charge the extra premium to our account. Excercise•我们已为该货物向保险公司投保平安险和战争险，保险率0.5%，投保额为45000美元。
•我们已按发票金额的110%投保水渍险及战争险•根据你方要求，我们已对台布按发票金额的110%向中国人民保险公司投保一切险•投保 Excercise•我们已为该货物向保险公司投保平安险和战争险，保险率0.5%，投保额为45000美元•we have insured the goods with insurance company against FPA and War Risks, at the rate of 0.5%, for the amount of US$45000•我们已按发票金额的110%投保水渍险及战争险•We have covered WPA and War Risks for the invoice value plus 10%. Excercise•根据你方要求，我们已对台布按发票金额的110%向中国人民保险公司投保一切险•In Compliance with your request, we have insured the table-cloth against All Risks at 110% invoice value with the PICC.•投保•Effect / take out / cover / provide insurance Excercise•We covered your ordered goods against WPA for 110% of the invoice value according to our usual practice.•If you desire to cover your goods against All Risks, we can provide such coverage, but at a slightly higher premium, the difference of which will be for your account. Excercise•We covered your ordered goods against WPA for 110% of the invoice value according to our usual practice. 根据我们的惯例，我们为你方订单按发票金额的110%投保了水渍险。
•If you desire to cover your goods against All Risks, we can provide such coverage, but at a slightly higher premium, the difference of which will be for your account.如果你方想要对货物投保一切险，我们可以投保该险种，但是费用会稍高一些，产生的保费的差额由你方承担 •Does life evolve wherever favorable conditions exist? 。