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1、Trouble Shooting轴承故障检修轴承故障检修BearingLoad/Contact Patterns负荷负荷/接触痕迹接触痕迹 Typical Running Traces of Deep Groove Ball Bearings深沟球轴承的典型运行痕迹深沟球轴承的典型运行痕迹(a) shows the most common running trace generated when the inner ring rotates under a radial load only. （e）所示为轴承内圈旋转仅受径向负荷时最常见的正常运行痕迹。）所示为轴承内圈旋转仅受径向负荷时最常见的
2、正常运行痕迹。(e) through (h) show different running traces that result in a shortened life due to their adverse effect on bearings. （e）（）（h）所示的轴承运行痕迹是由于轴承遭受不良影响所致，这类情况往往会导致轴承实际使用寿命的降低。）所示的轴承运行痕迹是由于轴承遭受不良影响所致，这类情况往往会导致轴承实际使用寿命的降低。(a)(b)(c)(d)Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialload径向负荷Outerringrotation外圈旋转Radialloa
3、d径向负荷Innerringorouterringrotation内圈或外圈旋转Axialloadinonedirection单向轴向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialandaxialloads轴向及径向复合负荷(e)(f)(g)(h)Innerringrotation内圈旋转Axialloadandmisalignment轴向负荷及不对中Innerringrotation内圈旋转Momentload瞬间冲击负荷(Misalignment)（不对中）Innerringrotation内圈旋转Housingboreisoval椭圆形轴承箱孔Innerringrotatio
4、n内圈旋转Noradialinternalclearance无径向游隙（负运行游隙）(Negativeoperatingclearance)Click on a picture to enlarge itTypical Running Traces of Roller Bearings滚子轴承的典型运行痕迹滚子轴承的典型运行痕迹 (i) shows the outer ring running trace when a radial load is properly applied to a cylindrical roller bearing which has a load on a ro
5、tating inner ring. (j) shows the running trace in the case of shaft bending or relative inclination between the inner and outer rings. This misalignment leads to the generation of slightly shaded (dull) bands in the width direction. Traces are diagonal at the beginning and end of the loading zone. F
6、or double-row tapered roller bearings where a single load is applied to the rotating inner ring, (k) shows the running trace on the outer ring under radial load while (I) shows the running trace on the outer ring under axial load. When misalignment exists between the inner and the outer rings, then
7、the application of a radial load causes running traces to appear on the outer ring as shown in (m).(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialload径向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Momentload冲击负荷(Misalignment)不对中Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialload径向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Axialload轴向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialand
8、momentloads径向及冲击负荷(Misalignment)不对中Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Types & Causes轴承损伤类型及其原因轴承损伤类型及其原因 Damage Types & Causes轴承损伤类型及其原因轴承损伤类型及其原因 In general, if rolling bearings are used correctly, they will survive to their predicted fatigue life. Bearings, however, often fail prematurely due
9、to avoidable mistakes. The causes of, this premature failure include improper mounting, mishandling, poor lubrication, entry of foreign matter or abnormal heat generation.For example, one cause of premature failure is rib Scoring which is due to insufficient lubrication, use of improper lubricant, f
10、aulty lubrication system, entry of foreign matter, bearing mounting error, excessive deflection of the shaft or some combination of these. If all conditions are known for the times both before and after the failure, including the application, the operating conditions, and environment, then a counter
11、measure can be determined by studying the nature of the failure and its probable causes. A successful countermeasure will reduce similar failures or prevent them from happening again.Examples of bearing damage and countermeasures are presented in the following sections. Please consult these sections
12、 when trying to determine the cause of bearing damage.Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresFlaking occurs when small pieces of bearing material are split off from the smooth surface of the raceway or rolling elements due to rolling fatigue, thereby creating regions having rough and coarse t
13、exture.Excessive load; Poor mounting (misalignment); Moment load; Entry of foreign debris, water penetration; Poor lubrication, improper lubricant; Unsuitable bearing clearance; Improper precision for shaft or housing, unevenness in housing rigidity, large shaft bending; Progression from rust, corro
14、sion pits, Smearing, dents (brinelling)Reconfirm the bearing application and check the load conditions Improve the mounting method Improve the sealing mechanism, prevent rusting during non-running Use a lubricant with a proper viscosity, improve the lubrication method Check the precision of shaft an
15、d housing Check the bearing internal clearance Flaking 剥落剥落Photo1-1Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:FlakingaroundhalfofthecircumferenceoftheracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationduetoentryofcuttingcoolantintobearingPhoto1-2Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:Flakingdiag
16、onallyalongracewayCause:PooralignmentbetweenshaftandhousingduringmountingPhoto1-3Part:InnerringofdeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:FlakingofracewayatballpitchCause:DentsduetoshockloadduringmountingPhoto1-4Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:FlakingofracewayatballpitchCause:Dentsduetoshockl
17、oadwhilestationaryPhoto1-5Part:OuterringofPhoto1-4Symptom:FlakingofracewaysurfaceatballpitchCause:DentsduetoshockloadwhilestationaryPhoto1-6Part:BallsofPhoto1-4Symptom:FlakingofballsurfaceCause:DentsduetoshockloadwhilestationaryPhoto1-7Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:Flakingofonlyoner
18、acewayoveritsentirecircumferenceCause:ExcessiveaxialloadPhoto1-8Part:OuterringofPhoto1-7Symptom:FlakingofonlyoneracewayoveritsentirecircumferenceCause:ExcessiveaxialloadPhoto1-9Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:FlakingofonlyonerowofracewayCause:PoorlubricationPhoto1-10Part:Rollersofacyl
19、indricalrollerbearingSymptom:PrematureFlakingoccursaxiallyontherollingsurfacesCause:ScratchescausedduringimpropermountingFlaking 剥落剥落Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresDullorcloudyspotsappearonsurfacealongwithlightWear.Fromsuchdullspots,tinyCracksaregenerat
20、eddownwardtoadepthof5-10祄.SmallparticlesfalloffandminorFlakingoccurswidely.UnsuitablelubricantEntryofdebrisintolubricationRoughsurfaceduetopoorlubricationSurfaceroughnessofmatingrollingpartsSelectaproperlubricantImprovethesealingmechanismImprovethesurfacefinishoftherollingmatingpartsPhoto2-1Part:Inn
21、erringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:RoundedareasofPeelingCause:PoorlubricationPhoto2-2Part:EnlargementofPhoto2-1Photo2-3Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto2-1Symptom:RoundedareasofPeelingonthecenteroftherollingsurfacesCause:PoorlubricationPhoto2-4Part:OuterringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:Peelingoccurs
22、neartheshoulderoftheracewayovertheentirecircumferenceCause:PoorlubricationPeeling 剥皮剥皮Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresScoringissurfacedamageduetoaccumulatedsmallseizurescausedbyslidingunderimproperlubricationorsevereoperatingconditions.Lineardamageappear
23、scircumferentiallyontheracewayandrollersurfaces.CycloidalshapeddamageontherollerendsandScoringontheribsurfacecontactingrollerendsalsooccur.Excessiveload,excessivepreloadPoorlubricationParticlesarecaughtinthesurfaceInclinationofinnerandouterringsShaftbendingPoorprecisionoftheshaftandhousingCheckthesi
24、zeoftheloadAdjustthepreloadImprovethelubricantandthelubricationmethodChecktheprecisionoftheshaftandhousingScoring 擦伤擦伤Photo3-1Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:ScoringonlargeribfaceofinnerringCause:RollerslippageduetosuddenaccelerationanddecelerationPhoto3-2Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto3-1S
25、ymptom:ScoringonrollerendfacesCause:RollerslippageduetosuddenaccelerationanddecelerationPhoto3-1Part:InnerringofataperedrollerthrustbearingSymptom:ScoringonthefaceofinnerringribCause:Wornparticlesmixedwithlubricant,andbreakdownofoilfilmduetoexcessiveloadPhoto3-2Part:Rollersofadouble-rowcylindricalro
26、llerbearingSymptom:Scoring.ontherollerendfacesCause:PoorlubricationandexcessiveaxialloadPhoto3-1Part:InnerringofasphericalthrustrollerbearingSymptom:ScoringontheribfaceofinnerringCause:Debriscaughtinsurface,andexcessiveaxialloadPhoto3-2Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto3-5Symptom:Scoring.ontherollerendfacesC
27、ause:Debriscaughtinsurface,andexcessiveaxialloadPhoto3-1Part:CageofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:Scoringonthepressed-steelcagepocketsCause:EntryofdebrisScoring 擦伤擦伤Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresSmearingissurfacedamagewhichoccursfromacollectionofsmallse
28、izuresbetweenbearingcomponentscausedbyoilfilmruptureand/orsliding.Surfacerougheningoccursalongwithmelting.HighspeedandlightloadSuddenacceleration/decelerationImproperlubricantEntryofwaterImprovethepreloadImprovethebearingclearanceUsealubricantwithgoodoilfilmformationabilityImprovethesealingmechanism
29、Smearing 污损污损Photo4-1Part:InnerringofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:RollerslippageduetoexcessivegreasequantityPhoto4-2Part:OuterringofPhoto4-1Symptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:RollerslippageduetoexcessivegreasequantityPhoto4-3
30、Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-4Part:OuterringofPhoto4-3Symptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-5Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:PartialSmearingaroundcircumfer
31、enceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-6Part:OuterringofPhoto4-5Symptom:PartialSmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-7Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto4-5Symptom:SmearingofrollingsurfacesCause:PoorlubricationSmearing 污损污损Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Condit
32、ionPossible CausesCountermeasuresFracturereferstosmallpieceswhichwerebrokenoffduetoexcessiveloadorshockloadactinglocallyonarollercornerorribofaracewayring.ImpactduringmountingExcessiveloadPoorhandlingsuchasdroppingImprovethemountingmethod(shrinkfit,useofpropertools)ReconsidertheloadconditionsProvide
33、enoughback-upandsupportforthebearingribPhoto5-1Part:Innerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:ChippingofthecenterribCause:ExcessiveloadduringmountingPhoto5-2Part:InnerringofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:FractureoftheconebackfaceribCause:LargeshockduringmountingPhoto5-3Part:Innerringofasph
34、ericalthrustrollerbearingSymptom:FractureofthelargeribCause:RepeatedshockloadPhoto5-4Part:OuterringofasolidtypeneedlerollerbearingSymptom:FractureoftheouterringribCause:Rollerinclinationduetoexcessiveloading(Needlerollersarelongcomparedtotheirdiameter.Underexcessiveorunevenloading,rollersbecomeincli
35、nedandpushagainsttheribs.)Fracture 破裂破裂Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresCracksintheracewayringandrollingelements.ContinueduseunderthisconditionleadstolargerCracksorFractures.ExcessiveinterferenceExcessiveload,shockloadProgressionofFlakingHeatgenerationand
36、FrettingcausedbycontactbetweenmountingpartsandracewayringHeatgenerationduetoCreepPoortaperangleoftaperedshaftPoorcylindricalityofshaftInterferencewithbearingchamferduetoalargeshaftcornerradiusCorrecttheinterferenceChecktheloadconditionsImprovethemountingmethodUseanappropriateshaftshapeCracks 龟裂龟裂Pho
37、to6-1Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:RoundedareasofPeelingCause:PoorlubricationPhoto6-2Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:ThermalCracksontheouterringsidefaceCause:AbnormalheatgenerationduetocontactslidingbetweenmatingpartandfaceofouterringPhoto6-3Part:Outerring
38、ofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptoms:CrackspropagatedoutwardintheaxialandcircumferentialdirectionsfromtheFlakingoriginontheracewaysurfaceCause:FlakingfromaflawduetoshockPhoto6-4Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingusedforouterringrolling(Outerringrotation)Symptom:Cracksonoutsi
39、desurfaceCause:FlatWearandheatgenerationduetonon-rotationoftheouterringPhoto6-5Part:RacewaysurfaceofouterringinPhoto6-4Symptom:OutsidesurfacecrackpropagatingtotheracewayPhoto6-6Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:AxialCracksonracewaysurfaceCause:Largefittingstressduetotemperaturedifferenc
40、ebetweenshaftandinnerringPhoto6-7Part:CrosssectionofcrackedinnerringinPhoto6-6Symptom:OriginisdirectlybeneaththeracewaysurfacePhoto6-8Part:RollerofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:AxialCracksonrollingsurfaceCracks 龟裂龟裂Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresCageda
41、mageincludes:Cagedeformation,FractureandWearFractureofcagepillarsDeformationofsidefaceWearofpocketsurfaceWearofguidesurfacePoormounting(Bearingmisalignment)PoorhandlingLargemomentloadShockandlargevibrationExcessiverotationspeed,suddenaccelerationanddecelerationPoorlubricationTemperatureriseCheckthem
42、ountingmethodCheckthetemperature,rotationandloadconditionsReducethevibrationUseanappropriateshaftshapeSelectadifferentcagetypeSelectadifferentlubricationmethodand/orlubricantCage Damage 保持架损坏保持架损坏Photo7-1Part:CageofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:Fractureofpressed-steelcagepocketPhoto7-2Part:Cageofana
43、ngularcontactballbearingSymptom:PocketpillarFracturesofacastironmachinedcageCause:AbnormalloadactiononcageduetomisalignedmountingbetweeninnerandouterringsPhoto7-3Part:CageofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:Fractureofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscagePhoto7-4Part:CageofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:Pilla
44、rFracturesofpressed-steelcagePhoto7-5Part:CageofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:Pressed-steelcagedeformationCause:ShockloadduetopoorhandlingPhoto7-6Part:CageofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:Deformationofthesidefaceofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscageCause:LargeshockduringmountingPhoto7-7Part:Cageofa
45、cylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:DeformationandWearofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscagePhoto7-8Part:CageofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:SteppedWearontheoutsidesurfaceandpocketsurfaceofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscageCage DamageCage Damage 保持架损坏保持架损坏Click on a picture to enlarge itDenting 压痕压痕Damage Cond
46、itionPossible CausesCountermeasuresWhendebrissuchassmallmetallicparticlesarecaughtintherollingcontactzone,Dentingoccursontheracewaysurfaceorrollingelementsurface.Dentingcanoccurattherollingelementpitchintervalifthereisashockduringthemounting(brinelldents).Debrissuchasmetallicparticlesarecaughtinthes
47、urfaceExcessiveloadShockduringtransportormountingCleanthehousingImprovethesealingmechanismFilterthelubricationoilImprovethemountingandhandlingmethodsDenting 压痕压痕Photo8-1Part:Innerringofadouble-rowtaperedrollerbearingSymptom:FrostedracewaysurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfacePhoto8-2Part:Outerringofa
48、double-rowtaperedrollerbearingSymptom:IndentationsonracewaysurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfacePhoto8-3Part:InnerringofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:SmallandlargeindentationsoccuroverentireracewaysurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfacePhoto8-4Part:TaperedrollersofPhoto8-3Symptom:Smallandlargeindentati
49、onsoccurovertherollingsurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfaceClick on a picture to enlarge itPitting 蚀损斑蚀损斑 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresPittinghasadulllusterandappearsontherollingelementsurfaceorracewaysurface.DebrisbecomescaughtinthelubricantExposuretomoistureinPoorlubricationImprov
50、ethesealingmechanismFilterthelubricationoilthoroughlyUseaproperlubricantPhoto9-1Part:OuterringofaslewingbearingSymptom:PittingontheracewaysurfaceCause:RustPhoto9-2Part:BallofPhoto9-1Symptom:PittingontherollingelementsurfaceClick on a picture to enlarge itWear 磨损磨损 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCoun
51、termeasuresWearissurfacedeteriorationduetoslidingfrictionatthesurfaceoftheraceway,rollingelements,rollerendfaces,ribface,cagepockets,etc.EntryofdebrisProgressionfromrustandelectricalcorrosionPoorlubricationSlidingduetoirregularmotionofrollingelementsImprovethesealingmechanismCleanthehousingFilterthe
52、lubricationoilthoroughlyCheckthelubricantandlubricationmethodPreventmisalignmentWear 磨损磨损Photo10-1Part:InnerringofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:Manypitsoccurduetoelectricalcorrosion,andwave-shapedWearonracewaysurfaceCause:ElectricalcorrosionPhoto10-2Part:OuterringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:
53、Wearwithawavyorconcave-convextextureonloadedsideofracewaysurfaceCause:EntryofdebrisunderrepeatedvibrationwhilestationaryPhoto10-3Part:Innerringofadouble-rowtaperedrollerbearingSymptom:FrettingWearofracewayandsteppedWearontheribfaceCause:FrettingprogressionduetoexcessiveloadwhilestationaryPhoto10-3Pa
54、rt:TaperedrollersofPhoto10-3Symptom:SteppedWearontherollerheadendfacesCause:FrettingprogressionduetoexcessiveloadwhilestationaryClick on a picture to enlarge itFretting 微振磨损微振磨损 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresWearoccursduetorepeatedslidingbetweenthetwosurfaces.Frettingoccursatfittings
55、urfaceandalsoatcontactareabetweenracewayringandrollingelements.Frettingcorrosionisanothertermusedtodescribethereddishbrownorblackwornparticles.PoorlubricationVibrationwithasmallamplitudeInsufficientinterferenceUseaproperlubricantApplyapreloadChecktheinterferencefitApplyafilmoflubricanttothefittingsu
56、rfaceFretting 微振磨损微振磨损Photo11-1Part:InnerringofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:FrettingontheboresurfaceCause:VibrationPhoto11-2Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:FrettingoverentirecircumferenceofboresurfaceCause:InsufficientinterferencefitPhoto11-3Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindrical
57、rollerbearingSymptom:FrettingontheracewaysurfaceatrollerpitchintervalsClick on a picture to enlarge itFalse Brinelling 摩擦腐蚀压痕摩擦腐蚀压痕 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresAmongthedifferenttypesofFretting,falsebrinellingistheoccurrenceofhollowspotsthatresemblebrinelldentsandareduetoWearcausedb
58、yvibrationandswayingatthecontactpointsbetweentherollingelementsandraceway.OscillationandvibrationofastationarybearingduringsuchtimesastransportingOscillatingmotionwithasmallamplitudePoorlubricationSecuretheshaftandhousingduringtransportingTransportwiththeinnerandouterringspackedseparatelyReducethevi
59、brationbypreloadingUseaproperlubricantFalse Brinelling 摩擦腐蚀压痕摩擦腐蚀压痕Photo12-1Part:InnerringofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:FalsebrinellingontheracewayCause:VibrationfromanexternalsourcewhilestationaryPhoto12-2Part:OuterringofPhoto12-1Symptom:FalsebrinellingontheracewayCause:Vibrationfromanexternalsou
60、rcewhilestationarytPhoto12-3Part:OuterringofathrustballbearingSymptom:FalsebrinellingofracewaysurfaceatballpitchCause:RepeatedvibrationwithasmalloscillatinganglePhoto12-4Part:RollersofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:FalsebrinellingonrollingsurfaceCause:VibrationfromanexternalsourcewhilestationaryCl
61、ick on a picture to enlarge itCreep 蠕动磨损蠕动磨损 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresCreepisthephenomenoninbearingswhererelativeslippageoccursbetweenfittingsurfacesandtherebycreatesaclearancebetweenthemsurface.Creepcausesashinyappearance,occasionallywithScoringorWear.Insufficientinterferenceor
62、loosefitInsufficientsleevetighteningChecktheinterference,andpreventrotationCorrectthesleevetighteningStudytheshaftandhousingprecisionPreloadintheaxialdirectionTightentheracewayringsidefaceApplyadhesivetothefittingsurfaceApplyafilmoflubricanttothefittingsurfaceCreep 蠕动磨损蠕动磨损Photo13-1Part:Innerringofa
63、sphericalrollerbearingSymptom:CreepaccompaniedbyScoringofboresurfaceCause:InsufficientinterferencePhoto13-2Part:OuterringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:CreepoverentirecircumferenceofoutsidesurfaceCause:LoosefitbetweenouterringandhousingClick on a picture to enlarge itSeizure 咬卡咬卡 Damage ConditionP
64、ossible CausesCountermeasuresWhensuddenoverheatingoccursduringrotation,thebearingbecomesdiscolored.Then,theracewayrings,rollingelements,andcagewillsoften,meltanddeformasdamageaccumulates.PoorlubricationExcessiveload(Excessivepreload)ExcessiverotationalspeedExcessivelysmallinternalclearanceEntryofwat
65、eranddebrisPoorprecisionofshaftandhousingExcessiveshaftbendingStudythelubricantandlubricationmethodReinvestigatethesuitabilityofthebearingtypeselectedStudythepreload,bearingclearance,andfittingImprovethesealingmechanismChecktheprecisionoftheshaftandhousingImprovethemountingmethodSeizure 咬卡咬卡 Photo14
66、-1Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:Racewayisdiscoloredandmelted.Wornparticlesfromthecagewererolledandattachedtotheraceway.Cause:InsufficientlubricationPhoto14-2Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto14-1Symptom:Discolorationandmeltingofrollerrollingsurface,adhesionofwornparticlesfromcageCause:Insuff
67、icientlubricationPhoto14-3Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:RacewayDiscoloration,meltingatballpitchintervalsCause:ExcessivepreloadPhoto14-4Part:OuterringinPhoto14-3Symptom:RacewayDiscoloration,meltingatballpitchintervalsCause:ExcessivepreloadPhoto14-3Part:BallsandcageofPhoto14-3Symp
68、tom:Cageisdamagedbymelting,ballsdiscoloredandmeltedCause:ExcessivepreloadClick on a picture to enlarge itElectrical Corrosion 电腐蚀电腐蚀 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresWhenelectriccurrentpassesthroughabearing,arcingandburningoccurthroughthethinoilfilmatpointsofcontactbetweentheracewayandr
69、ollingelements.Thepointsofcontactaremeltedlocallytoformflutingorgroove-likecorrugationswhichcanbeseenbythenakedeye.Magnificationofthesegroovesrevealscrater-likedepressionswhichindicatemeltingbyarcing.ElectriccurrentpassingthroughabearingDesignelectriccircuitswhichpreventcurrentflowthroughthebearings
70、InsulatethebearingElectrical Corrosion 电腐蚀电腐蚀 Photo15-1Part:InnerringofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:StripedpatternofcorrosionoccursontheracewaysurfacePhoto15-2Part:TaperedrollersinPhoto15-1Symptom:StripedpatternofcorrosionoccursontherollingsurfacePhoto15-3Part:InnerringofacylindricalrollerbearingSym
71、ptom:BeltpatternofelectricalcorrosionaccompaniedbypitsontheracewaysurfacePhoto15-4Part:BallsofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:DarkcolorcoveringtheentireballsurfacesClick on a picture to enlarge itRust And Corrosion 锈蚀锈蚀Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresBearingrustandcorrosionarepitsonthesu
72、rfaceofringsandrollingelementsandmayoccurattherollingelementpitchontheringsorovertheentirebearingsurfaces.EntryofcorrosivegasorwaterImproperlubricantFormationofwaterdropletsduetocondensationofmoistureHightemperatureandhighhumiditywhilestationaryPoorrust-preventivetreatmentduringtransportingImpropers
73、torageconditionsImproperhandlingImprovethesealingmechanismStudythelubricationmethodAnti-rusttreatmentduringperiodsofnon-runningImprovethestoragemethodsImprovethehandlingmethodRust And Corrosion 锈蚀锈蚀 Photo16-1Part:OuterringofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:RustontheribfaceandracewaysurfaceCause:Wate
74、rentryPhoto16-2Part:OuterringofaslewingringSymptom:RustonracewaysurfaceatballpitchintervalsCause:MoisturecondensationduringstationaryperiodsPhoto16-3Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:RustonracewaysurfaceatrollerpitchintervalsCause:EntryofwaterintolubricantPhoto16-4Part:Rollersofaspheric
75、alrollerbearingSymptom:Pit-shapedrustonrollingcontactsurface.Corrodedportions.Cause:MoisturecondensationduringstorageClick on a picture to enlarge itMounting Flaws 安装伤痕安装伤痕 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresStraightlinescratchesonsurfaceofracewaysorrollingelementscausedduringmountingordi
76、smountingofbearing.InclinationofinnerandouterringsduringmountingordismountingShockloadduringmountingordismountingUseappropriatejigandtoolsAvoidshockloadsbyusingapressmachineCentertherelativematingpartsduringmountingMounting Flaws 安装伤痕安装伤痕 Photo17-1Part:InnerringofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:Axi
77、alscratchesonracewaysurfaceCause:InclinationofinnerandouterringsduringmountingPhoto17-2Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:AxialscratchesatrollerpitchintervalsonracewaysurfaceCause:InclinationofinnerandouterringsduringmountingPhoto17-3Part:RollersofacylindricalrollerbearingSym
78、ptom:AxialscratchesonrollingsurfaceCause:InclinationofinnerandouterringsduringmountingClick on a picture to enlarge itDiscoloration 褪色污点褪色污点 Damage ConditionPossible CausesCountermeasuresDiscolorationofcages,rollingelementsandracewayringsoccursduetotheirreactingwithlubricantathightemperaturePoorlubr
79、icationOilstainduetoareactionwithlubricantHightemperatureImprovethelubricationmethodDiscoloration 褪色污点褪色污点 Photo18-1Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:BluishorpurplishDiscolorationonracewaysurfaceCause:HeatgenerationduetopoorlubricationPhoto18-2Part:Innerringofa4-pointcontactballbearingSymptom:BluishorpurplishDiscolorationonracewaysurfaceCause:HeatgenerationduetopoorlubricationClick on a picture to enlarge it
