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1、状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。语。一般可分为八大类一般可分为八大类, 分别表示分别表示时间、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较比较。尽管种类较多。尽管种类较多, 但由于状语从句但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似与汉语结构和用法相似, 所以理解和掌所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。的连接词即考点。 状语从句简介状语从句简介在时间状语从句中,通常要用
2、在时间状语从句中,通常要用动词的一般动词的一般现在时态表示将来时现在时态表示将来时,用一般过去时表示过去,用一般过去时表示过去将来式。将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有:时间状语从句常用连词有: when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。等引导。一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句(1) when 意为意为“当当时时”,
3、引导的时间状语从句表,引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作和从句的动作示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后同时或先后发生。如:发生。如:I feel very happy when you come to see me.你你(们们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。来看我时,我感到很高兴。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你你( 们们)过街道时,一定要小心。过街道时,一定要小心。1.考查考查when, while, as引导,表示引导,表示“当当时候时候”。一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句when 引导的时间状语从句中,可以用引导的时
4、间状语从句中,可以用延续性动词延续性动词,也可以用也可以用短暂性动词短暂性动词。如:。如:Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。(延续性动词延续性动词)I will visit my good friend when I arrive.当我到达时,我将去看望我的好友。当我到达时,我将去看望我的好友。(短暂性动词短暂性动词)一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句注意:注意:when 也可以也可以作并列作并列连词,表示一个,表示一个动作作正在正在进行行的的时候,突然候,突然间发生了另外一件事。
5、如:生了另外一件事。如:I was fishing by the river, when someone called for help.我正在河我正在河边钓鱼,就在那,就在那时有人求救。有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句(2)while 意为意为“当当时时”“”“在在期间期间”,引导的时,引导的时间状语从句表示主从句的动作在间状语从句表示主从句的动作在同一时期同一时期发生,常用发生
6、,常用延续延续性动词或表示状态的词性动词或表示状态的词。如:。如:They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在玩电脑游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。当我正在玩电脑游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句(3) as 意为意为“当当时时”“”“一边一边一边一边”“随着随着”, 主从句动作主从句动作同时发生同时发生。如:。如:As
7、 they walked, they talked happily.他们一边走,一边高兴地交谈着。他们一边走,一边高兴地交谈着。一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句注意:注意:while 也可以作并列也可以作并列连词,表,表转折折的关系,的关系,相当于相当于but,译为“然而然而”。如:。如:I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜我喜欢听音听音乐,而我的兄弟,而我的兄弟爱好运好运动。三者均可表示三者均可表示“当当的时候的时候”, 如果主句表示是短暂性如果主句表示是短暂性动作动作, 而从句表示的是一段时间而从
8、句表示的是一段时间,(同时发生)(同时发生) 三者可三者可通用。通用。 1.It was snowing _ we got to the airport当我们到达机场时, 天正下着雪。2. He sang _ he went along. 他边走边唱.3. _the day went on, the weather got hotter.随着日子天天过去,天气越来越热。4._ he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家后, 他休息了一会儿。5._l was walking down the street,I saw some policemen6._t
9、hey heard the news,they were surprised7._the child was playing with his toys, his parents were watching TV.疑点解释疑点解释When/While/AsWhileWhenwhenasAsWhen答答案案A解解析析 答答语语中中when引引导导了了一一个个时时间间状状语语从从句句,主主句句用用了了一一般般将将来来时时态态,所所以以从从句句用用一一般般现现在在时时态态,可可见见正正确确答答案案在在A与与B之之中中。既既然然答答语语用用了了时时间间状状语语来来回回答答,可可见见问问句句询询问问的的
10、也也一一定定是是时间,从而确定正确答案为时间,从而确定正确答案为A。【考考例例】Mum,_ shall we have lunch? We will have it when your dad_. 连云港连云港A when;returns B where returns Cwhere;will return Dwhen;will return【考例【考例1】一】一Hurry up. The bus is comingOh, no. We mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州福州Aafter B. since C. whi
11、le Duntil 答答案案D。解解析析本本题题应应从从句句意意人人手手。until常常用用于于否否定定句句中中,构构成成notuntil结结构构,意意为为“直直到到才才”,该句意为该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路”。二、原因状语从句二、原因状语从句原因状原因状语从句,从句,常用的引导连词有常用的引导连词有 because (因为因为), as (由于由于)和和 since (既然既然)。 (1)because: 语气最强,回答语气最强,回答why时用时用because,所表示所表示的是直接理由,因果关系不能同的是直接理由,因果关系不能同so连用。连用
12、。 because 的从句常放在的从句常放在主句之后主句之后Why did you go?你为何去?你为何去?I went because Tom told me to go. 那是因为汤姆叫我去。那是因为汤姆叫我去。二、原因状语从句二、原因状语从句(2) since: “既然既然.” 表对方已知的事实或理由,表对方已知的事实或理由,常放在常放在句首句首。Since you feel ill, youd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。(3) as: “由于由于.” 语气较弱,较口语化,表明显语气较弱,较
13、口语化,表明显的原因或已知的事实,常放在的原因或已知的事实,常放在句首句首。As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大,我们只好待在家里。由于雨太大,我们只好待在家里。【考考例例】 Mark isnt coming to the concert _ he has got too much work to do.Aso Buntil Calthough Dbecause 答答案案 D解解析析so“因因此此”;until“直直到到”;although“虽虽然然”;because“因因为为”。“太太多多工工作作要要做做”是是“没没有有来音乐会
14、来音乐会”的原因。的原因。 结果状语从句,常由结果状语从句,常由“so.that.” “such.that.”(如此如此以致以致)引导。如:引导。如:He is _short _ he cant reach the apple.他太矮了,够不到那个苹果。他太矮了,够不到那个苹果。It is _ a heavy box _ I cant move it.这是个很重的箱子,我搬不动它。这是个很重的箱子,我搬不动它。三三、结果结果状语从句状语从句【考考例例】The camera is expensive I cant afford it. (本溪本溪)A.so, that B. such, that
15、 C. so, as to D. enough, that答答案案 A 解解析析 依依据据题题意意:这这照照相相机机太太贵贵以以致致我我买买不不起起。expensive为为形形容容词词,sothat句句中中要要用用形形容容词词或或副副词词;suchthat要要用用形形容容词词修修饰饰名名词词。其其他他两两项项不不能能引引起起从从句。故选句。故选A。 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了,以便为了,以便);in case(以防,以免以防,以免),lest(免得,免得,以防以防),for fear that(以免,惟恐以免
16、,惟恐)等。从句中一般含有等。从句中一般含有can , could, may, might ,will, would等情态动词。如:等情态动词。如:四四、目的目的状语从句状语从句【考考例例】More and more people in Beijing are learning English _they can better serve(服服务务) the 2008 Olympic Games Im sure they will宜昌宜昌Abecause of B so that Ceven though Das if答答案案B解解析析 本本题题也也应应从从句句意意人人手手。越越来来越越多多的
17、的人人学学习习英英语语,“为为的的是是”能能更更多多更更好好地地为为奥奥运运服服务务。so that引引导一个目的状语从句。导一个目的状语从句。 用用来来引引导导让让步步状状语语从从句句的的从从属属连连词词有有:though,although,even ifthough, while(虽虽然然、尽尽管管),for all (that)(尽尽管管)whetheror(不不论论不不管管还还 是是 )以以 及及 “疑疑 问问 词词 +ever( whatever,wherever,whoever,however,)”和和 “no matter +疑问词疑问词”等。等。Though he was ve
18、ry tired, he didnt stop working. 尽尽 管管 他他 很累,他没有停止工作。很累,他没有停止工作。五五、让步让步状语从句状语从句五五.让步让步状语从句状语从句though 和和although的区别的区别 1.作连词引导让步状语从句时,意思大致作连词引导让步状语从句时,意思大致相同,一般可互换,但相同,一般可互换,但although语气较重,语气较重,通常放在句首并用于正式场合。通常放在句首并用于正式场合。如:如: Id quite like to go out, although/ though it is a bit late. 我很想外出,虽然为时稍晚。我很
19、想外出,虽然为时稍晚。五五.让步让步状语从句状语从句2. though 可用于可用于even though, as though 等固定结构,等固定结构,although则不能。则不能。如:如:Even though I fail, Ill keep on trying. 我纵然失败,仍会继续尝试下去。我纵然失败,仍会继续尝试下去。 You look as though you know each other. 看起来你们好像彼此认识。看起来你们好像彼此认识。【考例【考例1】Shall we go on working? Yes , I prefer to have a rest .(南昌)(
20、南昌) Awhen Bif C. because Dthough答答案案 D解解析析 依依据据上上句句:我我们们继继续续工工作作吗吗?是是的的,尽管我想休息会。尽管我想休息会。【考考例例2】Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (四川四川)AandBthoughCor答答案案 B解解析析 依依据据题题意意:即即使使爱爱迪迪生生失失败败多多次次,他他也也决决不不放放弃弃。though用用来来引引导导让让步步状状语语从从句句。故故选选B。引导条件状语从句的从属连词有引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if , unless(=if not如如果不果不,除非
21、,除非),as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要只要),supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case(假使假使),on condition that(在在的条件下的条件下)等。我们主要看一下由等。我们主要看一下由 if 引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。六六、条件条件状语从句状语从句六六、条件条件状语从句状语从句if 意为意为“如果如果”,引导一般,引导一般条件状语从句条件状语从句时,时,主句主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。用将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:如:If it doesnt rain tomor
22、row, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。【考考例例1】_you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings沈阳市沈阳市A. Unless B. Because C. If D. When答答案案C 解解析析考考查查if引引导导的的条条件件状状语语从从句句。“假
23、假如如你你早早一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不会感到累。一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不会感到累。”【考考例例2】You wont pass your exams _ you work harder. 广东广东 A. when B. if C. unless D. after答答案案C解解析析when,after一一引引导导的的是是时时间间状状语语从从句句,不不合合题题意意;if,unless引引导导的的是是条条件件状状语语从从句句,If不不合合句句意意,“除除非非你你更更加加努努力力地地学学习习,否否则则,你你不不会会通通过过考考试试”。故用故用unless。 比较状语从句常用比较状语从句常用t
24、han或或asas引导。引导。than表示表示两者的比较,两者的比较,asas表示程度相同。如:表示程度相同。如: Im taller than Tom is. 我比我比Tom高。高。 He runs as fast as I do. 他和我跑得一样快。他和我跑得一样快。七七、比较比较状语从句状语从句【考例】【考例】The days are_ in our country. Aas warm asBas warmer as Cwarm than D. so warm as答案答案 A。【考点考点1】区分区分when, if引导宾语从句和引导宾语从句和状语从句的不同状语从句的不同: when引导
25、时间状语从句意为引导时间状语从句意为“当当时时候候”, 引导宾语从句意为引导宾语从句意为“什么时候什么时候”; if引导条件状语从句意为引导条件状语从句意为“如果如果”, 引导引导宾语从句意为宾语从句意为“是否是否”。如。如:八八. 对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、并列句的混合考查并列句的混合考查 1. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead A. you have; will rain B. you will have; wi
26、ll rain C. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains C2. Do you know when he _ back tomorrow? Sorry, I dont. When he _ back, Ill tell you A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes D. will come; will come C1) It _ ten years since they _ to France. A. as; covered B. was; have moved C.
27、 is; have moved D. is; moved 2) He _ wait until the rain _ A. wont; will stop B. wont; stop C. will; stops D. will; will stop 选择题选择题DC3) He will go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow A. wont rain B. doesnt rain C. dont rain D. isnt raining 4) _ you eat old food, you may be ill. A. Before B. Why C. I
28、f D. Which BC5) Jack runs as _ as Tom A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. much6) 30,000dollars is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need A. for more B. very much C. far less D. very little CA7) Miss Gao asked a question, but it was _ that nobody could answer it A. very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult 8) I cant understand this passage _ there are no new words in it A. if B. because C. though D. and 9)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil? ” “ _ his pen was broken” A. Because B. When C. Until D. If ADC