Unit 5Keeping Your Dreams Alive1 Transcend •The beauty of her songs transcend words and language.•这些事情是人类所无法理解的–Such matters transcend human understanding.2 moan about•to complain in an annoying way, especially in an unhappy voice and without good reason:–'I feel seasick already,' she moaned.–A lot of people moaned about the parking problems.3 Incessantly •They quarreled incessantly.•-- incessant adj. –The child's incessant talking started to irritate her.–incessant rain4 Noisily •He blew his nose noisily.•--noisy adj. •The kids have been really noisy today.•a noisy engine•The bar was very noisy.5 Subtly •a subtly different colour•subtle adj. comparative subtler or, more subtle, superlative subtlest–The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them.–The warning signs of the disease are so subtle that they are often ignored.6 Enormity •Even now, the full enormity of his crimes has not been exposed.•the enormity of the task•--enormous adj.–an enormous bunch of flowers–The team made an enormous effort.7 Burden •The burden of taxation has risen considerably.•I don't like being a burden on other people.•Nothing can lifttheburden from my shoulders.•the tax/financial/debt burden8 Belief •a strong/firm belief •it is somebody's belief that •a mistaken/false belief –a strong belief in God–It is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.–It is a widely held belief that violent crime is increasing.•--believe9 Unique •a unique opportunity to study these rare creatures•Each person's fingerprints are unique.•The issues being discussed here are not unique to the US.10 Affliction •His deafness is a great affliction to him.•塞翁失马,焉知非福。
–Afflictions are sometimes blessings in disguise.•--afflict–afflict with/by–a country afflicted by famine11 Somehow •in some way, or by some means, although you do not know how:–Don't worry, we'll get the money back somehow.12 Especially •used to emphasize that something is more important or happens more with one particular thing than with others [= particularly]:–I never liked long walks, especially in winter.–Art books are expensive to produce, especially if they contain colour illustrations.13 Visit upon•visit something on/upon somebody/something –to do something to punish someone or show them that you are angry:–God's wrath will be visited on sinners.–法院要他们负担全部费用。
–The court visits all costs upon them.14 Tribe •a tribe of Aborigines known as the Dolphin People15 Species •Seven species of birds of prey have been observed.•pandas and other endangered species (=ones that may soon no longer exist)•The Origin of Species 16 Discipline •The book gives parents advice on discipline.•serious discipline problems in the police force•Working from home requires a good deal of discipline. (self-discipline)17 Confront •The problems confronting the new government were enormous.•be confronted with something–Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice.•We try to help people confront their problems.•--confrontation•a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement between two people or groups:•confrontation with/between–an ideological confrontation between conservatives and liberals18 Evoke •The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.•His appearance is bound to evoke sympathy.•Her speech evoked a hostile response.19 Grief •The grief she felt over Lisa's death was almost unbearable.•Charles was overcome with grief.20 Guilt •guilt about/at/over–Don't you have any feelings of guilt about leaving David?–He felt an enormous sense of guilt when he thought about how he'd treated her.•--guilty–guilty about/at–I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday again.–She looked self-conscious and guilty.21 Anxiety •There is considerable anxiety among staff about job losses.•deep/great anxiety–The fear of unemployment can be a source of deep anxiety to people.–It can help if you discuss your anxieties with someone.•--anxious •anxious about–He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery.–She gave me an anxious look.22 Anguish •mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry:–the anguish of not knowing what had happened to her23 Despair •in despair–She killed herself in despair.•to the despair of somebody–To the despair of the workers, the company announced the closure of the factory.•--desperate–desperate housewives24 Uncomfortable •This sofa is so uncomfortable.•She always felt slightly uncomfortable in a hat.•an uncomfortable silence•--comfort–All our sports shoes are designed for comfort.•--comfortable–comfortable chair/bed/sofa etc–The bed wasn't particularly comfortable.25 Physical •She was in constant physical pain.•the physical and emotional needs of young adults•people with severe physical disabilities26 Equal •Two plus two equals four. (the same in)•Prices become more stable when supply equals demand.27 Conflict •conflict between–the conflict between tradition and innovation•in conflict (with somebody)–normal kids who are in conflict with their parents•political/social/industrial conflict–social and political conflict in the 1930s28 Engender •to be the cause of a situation or feeling:–the changes in society engendered by the war•engender something in somebody–relationships that engender trust in children29 Pose •to exist in a way that may cause a problem, danger, difficulty etc•pose a threat/danger/risk–Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat.–Rising unemployment isposing serious problems for the administration.30 Cutting edge•the cutting edge (of something)–the newest and most exciting stage in the development of something•at the cutting edge (of something)–research that's at the cutting edge of genetic science31 Distinguish •distinguish between–His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.•distinguish somebody/something from–a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue–The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service.32 Call forth•call something forth •formalto produce a particular reaction:–Great works of classical music can often call forth a mixture of responses from the listener.33 Wisdom •a man of great wisdom•the collected wisdom of many centuries•Paul learned to value his father's wisdom and advice.34 Mentally •She's obviously mentally ill.•--mental–The centre provides help for people suffering from mental illness.–Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health.–a child's mental development35 Spiritually •--spiritual–Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.–Islam was inspired by the teachings of the spiritual leader Mohammed.36 Desire •to want something very much:•The hotel has everything you could possibly desire.•desire to do something–He desired to return to Mexico.–Add lemon juice if desired.•--desire–a strong desire to win–a desire for knowledge–I have no desire to cause any trouble.37 Deliberately •He deliberately upset her.•He shook his head slowly and deliberately. (done or said in a slow careful way)•--deliberate–a deliberate attempt to humiliate her38 Instruct •to teach someone something, or show them how to do something•instruct somebody in something–Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.•instruct somebody how to do something–Employees are instructed how to make a complaint.•--instruction–Install the machine according to the manufacturer's instructions.39 Dread •to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen:•I've got an interview tomorrow and I'm dreading it.•dread doing something–I'm dreading going back to work.•dread somebody doing something–Tim dreaded his parents finding out.•dread (that)–I'm dreading that I'll be asked to make a speech.40 Phrases •Moan about•Visit…upon•A series of•Confront problems•Pose problems•Distinguish between•Desire to41 。