Book Four Unit ThreeGender Differences Unit ThreeUnit Three •Task 1: Do you know that?•Task 2: A poem•Task 3: Wives and bread winners•Task 4: Man and woman Dumb man + dumb woman =Smart man + smart woman =Dumb man + smart woman =Gender Differencesromanceaffairmarriage Gender difference is a term used to refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women. These include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.Gender Differences Scan the differences between men and women.Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are men’s or women’s according to the information you get. Do you know that?Ø Click the picture to get the answer 1.suffer more illnesses 2.have a higher rate of colorblindness 3.have a larger brain 4.are more likely to have a heart attack5.have more fears6.live longer7.like diamond shapes8.miss more work√√√√√√√√ How does Tennyson see the roles of men and women? Explain his poem in your own words. You may begin your explanation with: His poem tells us that man works in the field while woman should stay at home. Man …Read the poem by Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) carefully. Work in groups and answer the questions below.Man for the field and woman for the hearth (炉边, 喻家庭)Man for the sword and for the needle she Man with the head and woman with the heartMan to command and woman to obey;All else confusion. —from The Princess (1847)A Poem Watch the interview on Wives Are Bread Winners and answer the following questions with the ideas you get from it.1.Why is there a high divorce rate in the families which 2. wives earn more?2. How do women often feel when they get more for the family?3. What are masculine and feminine?Wives Are Bread Winners Wives Are Bread Winners Who will do the following things, man or woman? Could you think of similar ones as many as possible about the different personality of man and woman?Pay $200 for a $100 item needed.Pay $100 for a $200 item aren’t needed.Worries about the future until gets the other oneNever worries about the future until gets the other oneOne who makes more money than the other can spend.The one who has the last word in any argument.The one who says Anything after that is the beginning of a new argument.One who can find such a person. To be happy with a man, you must understand him a lot and love him little.To be happy with a woman, you must love her a lot and not try to understand her at all.Man and WomanA woman marries a man expecting he will change, but he doesn't.A man marries a woman expecting that she won't change, and she does.Women love cats.Men say they love cats, but when women aren't looking, men kick cats.A woman knows all about her children, best friends, favorite foods, secret fears and hopes and dreams.A man is vaguely aware of some short people living in the house. Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife:Ideal husband1)tall, handsome and strong 2) capable of supporting a familyIdeal wife 1) beautiful and healthy 2) warm-heartedIdeal Wife and Ideal HusbandDirections: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1) From your point of view, what are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband?2) Would the ideal wife and the ideal husband have been different in your parents’ generation and in your grandparents’ generation? If so, how? Man and Woman This is an unusual but interesting custom in Thailand. Watch the video and listen carefully, then try your best to retell the information you get about the custom in your own words. •In-Class ReadingGender Roles from a Cultural Gender Roles from a Cultural PerspectivePerspective Work in pairs to Work in pairs to answer the following questions.answer the following questions.A A man man should should be be masculine. masculine. He He should should be be strong strong and and responsible responsible enough enough to to protect protect women, women, children children and and the the old old in in a a family family and and in in the the society. society. He He cares cares more more about about his his career career and and success success than than his his looks. looks. However, However, a a woman woman should should be be feminine, feminine, tender, tender, considerate considerate and and smart. smart. She She should should spend spend more more time time on on household household affairs, affairs, on on children children and and the the old old at at home. home. What’s the typical image of a man / woman What’s the typical image of a man / woman in traditional mold? in traditional mold? SampleSample Yes. There is a culture bias in education that favors boys over girls. Sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks. For example, In a science class, the teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Is there any gender-bias in education? If Is there any gender-bias in education? If so, what’s the situation? Can you give an so, what’s the situation? Can you give an example to illustrate it?example to illustrate it?SampleSampleThis This may may deprive deprive girls girls of of the the chance chance of of hands-on hands-on work, work, a a vital vital learning learning experience experience that that would would affect affect their their entire entire lives. lives. (Another (Another example example is is that that the the typical typical American American teachers teachers assume assume that that boys boys will will do do better better in in math math and and science science subjects subjects while while girls girls have have better better verbal verbal and and reading reading skills. skills. This This attitude attitude in in teaching teaching leads leads to to boys’ boys’ problems problems in in reading and girls’ lack of interests in science.)reading and girls’ lack of interests in science.) According to the last paragraph, how do boys According to the last paragraph, how do boys and girls treat their school work? and girls treat their school work? SampleSampleBoys Boys tend tend to to be be more more independent, independent, analytical analytical or or original original intellectually. intellectually. While While girls girls are are more more dependent dependent on on teachers teachers and and more more concerned concerned with with the the form form and and neatness neatness of of their their work work than than with with its its content.content. It has been proven repeatedly that the It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions and various types of behavior, emotions and interests that constitute being masculine interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.heredity and culture. Introduction (Para. 1) Teachers Teachers called called on on males males in in class class far far more more than on female students. (Para.2) than on female students. (Para.2) Development (Para. 2-4)Teachers Teachers assigned assigned boys boys and and girls girls different different tasks tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) Gender-biased Gender-biased education education is is also also reflected reflected in in the the typical typical American American teacher’s teacher’s assumption assumption that that boys boys will will do do better better in in science science subjects subjects while while girls girls tend tend to to have have better better verbal verbal and and reading reading skills. skills. (Para.4)(Para.4)There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.over girls. Educational bias begins at home and Educational bias begins at home and develops at school, which in turn reinforces develops at school, which in turn reinforces its established values and turns out each its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.gender in its traditional and expected mold. Conclusion (Para. 5) 句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用 Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line (Line 1)1) It has been proven ( innumerable times ) that…, 被（无数次）证明被（无数次）证明……译译译译 文文文文 ExampleExample现现已证明已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。
吸烟可以引起很多疾病Now it has been proven that smoking can cause many diseases.已已经经无无数数次次地地证证实实感感冒冒不不是是由由于于受受到到非非常常恶恶劣劣天天气气的影响造成的的影响造成的It has been proven innumerable times that colds are not caused by being subjected to very bad weather. 宇宙在增大的说法宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了已经被证实了It has been proven thatIt has been proven that the universe is the universe is expanding. expanding. patternpattern n.n.模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案 e e.g. Sentence patterns .g. Sentence patterns 句型句型句型句型；；；； living patterns living patterns 生活方式生活方式生活方式生活方式；；；；他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。
他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样He He patternedpatterned himself after a man he admired. himself after a man he admired. 他他的的女女子子气气是是小小时时候候他他母母亲亲经经常常把把他他打打扮扮成成小小姑姑娘娘和他常和小女孩玩耍和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果的结果His femininity His femininity is patterned byis patterned by his mother always his mother always dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in his childhood. his childhood. ExampleExamplev. v. form form the the character, character, qualities, qualities, etc., etc., (of (of oneself) oneself) by copying by copying 形成形成形成形成…………的性格的性格的性格的性格/ /品质，学品质，学品质，学品质，学…………的样的样的样的样 Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line (Line 1)1) 译译译译文文文文在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了证实了这样这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是是遗传又是文化熏陶遗传又是文化熏陶的结果的结果。
In In the the process process ofof growing growing up, up, each each child child learns learns hundreds hundreds of of culturally culturally patterned patterned details details of of behavior behavior that that become become incorporated incorporated intointo its its gender identity.gender identity. (Line 3)(Line 3)译译译译 文文文文句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用in the process of 在在……的过程中的过程中 ExampleExample在在适适应应陌陌生生人人习习惯惯的的过过程程中中，，在在校校大大学学生生可可以以学学会会如何应变去适应新情况如何应变去适应新情况In the process of adapting to a stranger’s habits, undergraduate students can learn how to change to suit new conditions. 在在城城市市建建设设和和开开发发的的过过程程中中，，对对周周围围环环境境的的破破坏坏真的不可避免吗？真的不可避免吗？Is the destruction of surroundings really unavoidable in the process of city building and developing? be/ become incorporated intobe/ become incorporated into 合并成合并成合并成合并成他们已经把她的建议他们已经把她的建议纳入纳入他们的新计划中。
他们的新计划中They They incorporatedincorporated her suggestions her suggestions into into their their new plan. new plan. 这个小商行已经这个小商行已经并入了并入了一家大公司一家大公司The small firm The small firm hashas been incorporated intobeen incorporated into a big a big pany.ExampleExample In In the the process process ofof growing growing up, up, each each child child learns learns hundreds hundreds of of culturally culturally patterned patterned details details of of behavior behavior that that become become incorporated incorporated intointo its its gender identitygender identity. . (Line 3)(Line 3)译译译译文文文文在成长的过程中在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了，每个孩子学会了各种各种行为举行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，烙印，成为成为他们他们性别特征的一部分性别特征的一部分。
Instead of being encouraged to develop Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills intellectual curiosity and physical skills thatthat are are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, are, girls are filled withgirls are filled with fears of the world outside fears of the world outside the home the home and withand with the desire to the desire to be approved ofbe approved of for their “goodness” and for their “goodness” and obedience toobedience to rules. rules. (Line 54)(Line 54) 译译译译 文文文文 句子分析句子分析句子分析句子分析①① girls are filled with … and with…是是全句全句的主句的主句 ②② instead of being encouraged 的主语的主语是是 girls ③③ that are useful in dealing with the outside world 是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰intellectual curiosity and physical skills 句子分析句子分析句子分析句子分析④④ be filled with有两个宾语，一个是有两个宾语，一个是 fears of the world outside the home,另另一一个个是是 desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience to rules⑤⑤be approved of sth. 赞成，欣赏，赞成，欣赏， 变成被动语态时不能省略变成被动语态时不能省略 of approveapprove v. v. 赞成，赞同赞成，赞同赞成，赞同赞成，赞同 ；；；；批准，通过批准，通过批准，通过批准，通过这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同．这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同．This proposal This proposal was approved ofwas approved of by Mr. Foster at the by Mr. Foster at the meeting. meeting. 数数月月的的迟迟疑疑不不定定后后，，市市长长办办公公室室最最终终批批准准了了建建新新医医院的计划。
院的计划 After months of indecision, the mayor’s office has After months of indecision, the mayor’s office has finally finally approvedapproved the plans for a new hospital. the plans for a new hospital.ExampleExample obedience to obedience to sb.(sthsb.(sth.) .) ( (名词短语名词短语名词短语名词短语) ) 服从，遵从某人（某事服从，遵从某人（某事服从，遵从某人（某事服从，遵从某人（某事））））他要求下级他要求下级服从服从他He demanded He demanded obedienceobedience from his inferiors. from his inferiors.奴隶们不得不奴隶们不得不服从服从他们的主人他们的主人 The slaves gave/showed passive The slaves gave/showed passive obedience to obedience to their master.their master.ExampleExample孩孩子子们们对对于于强强壮壮的的父父亲亲很很顺顺从从，，却却在在操操持持家家务务的的母母亲面前很调皮。
亲面前很调皮Children Children are are obedient obedient toto a a strong strong father, father, but but naughty with a domestic mother. naughty with a domestic mother. 译译译译文文文文女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和惧和因优良品格和服从服从精神精神得到赞同得到赞同的欲望Instead of being encouraged to develop Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to the home and with the desire to be approved ofbe approved of for their “goodness” and for their “goodness” and obedience toobedience to rules. rules. (Line 54)(Line 54) 难难难难句句句句分分分分析析析析These lessons These lessons carry overcarry over from the home to the from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependentmore dependent on the teacher, on the teacher, more concernedmore concerned with the form and neatness of their work with the form and neatness of their work thanthan with with its content, and its content, and moremore anxiousanxious about being “right” about being “right” in their answers in their answers thanthan in being intellectually in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. independent, analytical, or original. (Line58)(Line58)句句中中 “where … or original”是是非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，，修修饰饰前前面面主主句句中中的的名名词词 “classroom”。
其其中中“to be more…more.., and more…original”是是并并列列的的主主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况译译译译 文文文文句句型型 more（（adj.））…than 用用于于比比较较两两个个事事物物，，比比……更加更加（（……）） ExampleExample知知道道如如何何学学习习比比只只记记住住一一些些事事实实或或一一个个公公式式总总是是要要重要得多重要得多It is always It is always more importantmore important to know how to study to know how to study by oneself by oneself thanthan to remember some facts or a to remember some facts or a formula.formula.我我认认为为先先找找个个工工作作干干一一、、两两年年要要比比直直接接继继续续深深造造更有益更有益I think that taking a job for a year or two is I think that taking a job for a year or two is more more beneficial thanbeneficial than continuing my education directly. continuing my education directly. carry overcarry over （（（（使）继续下去，把使）继续下去，把使）继续下去，把使）继续下去，把…………从一个范从一个范从一个范从一个范 围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围文章文章转入转入下一页。
下一页 The The article article carries carries overover on on to to the the next next page. page. 这这个个习习惯惯是是从从他他的的童童年年时代时代保留下来保留下来的The habit The habit carries overcarries over from his childhood.from his childhood.ExampleExample These lessons These lessons carry overcarry over from the home to the from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependentmore dependent on the teacher, on the teacher, more concernedmore concerned with the form and neatness of their work with the form and neatness of their work thanthan with with its content, and its content, and moremore anxiousanxious about being “right” about being “right” in their answers in their answers thanthan in being intellectually in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. independent, analytical, or original. (Line58)(Line58)译译译译文文文文这类教诲从家庭一直这类教诲从家庭一直延续延续到课堂。
于是，在课堂到课堂于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖更依赖教师，教师，更注重更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容，作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎更在乎她们所给的她们所给的答案是否答案是否““正确正确””而不在乎智力方面的独立自主而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能力的提高以及分析能力或创造能力的提高 gender (n.) (tittle) the physical or social condition of being male or female 性别性别 （强调社会性别）（强调社会性别）请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子ExerciseExercise_______________ should not be ignored in today’s society. 性别不平等性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题在当今社会是不容忽视的问题Sometimes _______________ will result in some social problems. 有时候有时候性别差异性别差异会导致一些社会问题会导致一些社会问题 。
gender differences Gender inequality 同同义词比比较 sex (line 20, Para. 2)n. the condition of being either male or female; the set of all male or female people 性别性别, 男性或女性男性或女性 （强调生理性别）（强调生理性别）male sex male sex 男性男性 TranslationTranslation请在请在性别性别一栏填代表男性的字母一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性或代表女性的字母的字母”F”In the space marked “sex”, put an “M” for male or an “F” for female. female sex female sex 女性女性 相关词语相关词语相关词语相关词语masculine (line 2, Para.1)adj. relating to or being considered typical of men, in contrast to women 有阳有阳刚之气的，有男子特点的之气的，有男子特点的feminine (line 3, Para.1)adj. having qualities that are considered to be typical of women, especially by being gentle, delicate, and pretty 阴柔的，阴柔的，妇女女(似似)的；的；娇柔的柔的male (line 23, Para. 2)adj. 男性的；雄性的男性的；雄性的 n. 男人；雄性动物男人；雄性动物female (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 女性的；雌性的女性的；雌性的 n. 女子；雌性动物女子；雌性动物 ExerciseExerciseThe girl is rather _________ in appearance.masculine Today discrimination Today discrimination ( ( ( (歧视歧视歧视歧视) ) ) ) against _______ against _______job-seekers still exists. job-seekers still exists. female As we know, _____ animals are more As we know, _____ animals are more aggressive under attack.aggressive under attack.male请用请用 masculine，feminine, male 或或 female 填空。
填空 e________ education needs more social concern. ducation needs more social concern. Feminine constitute (v.) (Line 2, Para. 1) 1) combine to form; make up 构成构成Generally, 365 days Generally, 365 days constituteconstitute one year. one year. 一般情况下，一年一般情况下，一年有有365天TranslationTranslation三个台湾女孩儿，三个台湾女孩儿，Selina, Hebe和和Ella, 组成了组成了流行女流行女子演唱组子演唱组“S.H.E” Three Taiwan girls, Selina, Hebe and Ella, constitute popular girl band “S.H.E”. 2) formally establish an organization, institution, government, etc. 设立，建立设立，建立请完成下面的句子。
请完成下面的句子ExerciseExerciseChinese Consumer’s Association is an organization _________________________________________________. 中国消费者协会中国消费者协会成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者的权益的权益The US Federal Reserve Board ______________ in 1913. 美国联邦储备委员会美国联邦储备委员会成立于成立于1913年was constituted constituted to protect the legal rights of Chinese consumers bias (Line 13, Para.2) n. a prejudice or preference that interferes with a fair judgment 偏见，成见偏见，成见他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见偏见偏见偏见。
They complained of bias in the way the newspaper reported the incident. TranslationTranslationThat employee should be evaluated without any bias.在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见偏见 相关相关词语 biased (line 21, Para. 2)adj. preferring one person, thing, or idea to another in a way that is unfair 偏袒一方的，有偏见的偏袒一方的，有偏见的请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子ExerciseExercise__________________________________________who was his neighbor’s son. 那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的因为该候选人是他邻居的儿子为该候选人是他邻居的儿子In the United States, almost all the news media _________________________________________.在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个偏向某一个政党政党。
are biased towards one political party or the otherThe judge was biased in favor of the third candidate impact (Line 24, Para. 2)n. 1) (+on) an esp. strong or powerful influence or effect caused or produced by an idea, invention, event, etc. 影响影响, 效果效果(常与介词常与介词on连用连用)常用结构：常用结构：have/make an impact on …对对…… 产生影响产生影响 请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子ExerciseExerciseYang Yang’s gold medals in the 2002 Olympic Winter Games ______________________________________. 大杨扬在大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体中国体育的影响是深远的育的影响是深远的。
电脑和电脑和对现代生活的影响是巨大的对现代生活的影响是巨大的Computer and mobile phone _______________________________________.have had/made ahave a profound impact on the Chinese sportsgreat impact on modern life 2) the force of one object hitting another碰碰撞撞, 冲击冲击TranslationTranslation撞击撞击撞击撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤 The impact caused serious damage to the surface of the machine. 泰坦尼克号泰坦尼克号撞击撞击冰山的冰山的致命致命事故本来是可以避免的事故本来是可以避免的 Titanic’s fatal impact (致命的) into the iceberg should have been avoided. participant (n.) (Line 25, Para. 2) a person who takes part or has a share in an activity or event 参与者参与者, 共享者共享者这次比赛的这次比赛的这次比赛的这次比赛的参赛者参赛者参赛者参赛者据说都来自非洲国家。
据说都来自非洲国家据说都来自非洲国家据说都来自非洲国家 All participants in the match are said to come from African countries. TranslationTranslation他也是即将到来的英语演讲比赛的他也是即将到来的英语演讲比赛的参与参与者之一 He is also one of the participants in the upcoming English speaking competition. 动词形式：动词形式：participatev. (+in) rather formal: to take part or have a share in an activity or event (与与in连用连用) 参参与与, 参加参加, 分享分享, 分担分担请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子ExerciseExerciseLots of students of our school ______________________ in the blood donation.我们学校的很多学生我们学校的很多学生都自愿参加都自愿参加献血活动。
献血活动It is reported that astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng _________________________________. 据报道说航天员费俊龙和聂海胜据报道说航天员费俊龙和聂海胜将参加开幕式将参加开幕式will participate in the opening ceremonyare willing to participate名词形式：名词形式：participation (line 29, Para. 2)n. the act or process of taking part in an activity or event参与，参加参与，参加 subordination (n.) (Line 30, Para. 2) inferiority; an inferior or secondary status 从属，次要地位从属，次要地位TranslationTranslation我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿服从于服从于服从于服从于孩子们的幸孩子们的幸孩子们的幸孩子们的幸福的做法。
福的做法福的做法福的做法We should learn from his subordination of his own wishes to the children’s welfare. 从某种程度上说，男尊女从某种程度上说，男尊女从某种程度上说，男尊女从某种程度上说，男尊女卑卑卑卑仍旧存在于社会生活的仍旧存在于社会生活的仍旧存在于社会生活的仍旧存在于社会生活的很多方面很多方面很多方面很多方面Male domination and female subordination, to some degree, still exist in many aspects of social lives. 相关词语相关词语相关词语相关词语subordinate(1) v. (+to) （（常与常与to连用）使居次要地位；隶属用）使居次要地位；隶属(2) adj. (+to) （（常与常与to连用）次要的连用）次要的, 从属的从属的, 下级的下级的(3) n. 下属，下级下属，下级前前缀sub-用法小用法小结：：sub-表示表示“副；分支；下副；分支；下级” 例如例如：：subworker副手副手, subeditor副副编辑, subcommittee 小小组委委员会会, subagent副代理人副代理人 unknowingly (adv.) (Line 33, Para. 3) in a way of not realizing what one is doing or what is happening 不知不觉地不知不觉地很多孩子很多孩子很多孩子很多孩子在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中成了网络游戏的牺牲品。
成了网络游戏的牺牲品成了网络游戏的牺牲品成了网络游戏的牺牲品A great number of children are unknowingly becoming the victims of online games.TranslationTranslation在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中她喜欢上了京剧她喜欢上了京剧她喜欢上了京剧她喜欢上了京剧She has been unknowingly interested in appreciating Beijing Opera. unknowingly的构成：的构成：know→knowing→unknowing→unknowingly assign (Line 34, Para. 3) v. 1) give someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing 分配，分派，指派（任务）分配，分派，指派（任务）请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子ExerciseExercise分派给她的分派给她的工作是工作是照顾无家可归的孩子。
照顾无家可归的孩子She _______________________ looking after the homeless children. has been assigned the job of After completing the task successfully, his brother ______________________________. 在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥被分派了被分派了另外一项有挑战性的工作另外一项有挑战性的工作was assigned another challenging job 名词形式：名词形式：assignmentCould you tell me today’s English Could you tell me today’s English assignmentassignment? ? 你能告诉我今天的英语你能告诉我今天的英语课后作业课后作业吗？吗？TranslationTranslationHis assignment was to follow that stranger.他的他的任务任务是跟踪那个陌生人。
是跟踪那个陌生人 a duty or piece of work that is given to a particular person (分派的分派的)任务任务, 指定的指定的(课外课外)作业作业 accordance (n.) (Line 35, Para. 3) in accordance with: in a way that fulfills or agrees with 常用固定搭配为常用固定搭配为 in accordance with… 与与......一致一致, 按照，依据按照，依据请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子ExerciseExerciseHe has already cancelled the meeting __________________________________. 根据他的上司的命令根据他的上司的命令，他已经取消了那次会面他已经取消了那次会面in accordance _____________________________, the sports channel of CCTV interviewed famous figure skaters Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo. 按照观众的愿望按照观众的愿望，中央电视台体育频道专访了著名，中央电视台体育频道专访了著名花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博。
花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博In accordance with viewers’ wisheswith his superior’s orders 相关单词：相关单词：accord政府的决策应该政府的决策应该政府的决策应该政府的决策应该符合符合符合符合人民的基本利益人民的基本利益人民的基本利益人民的基本利益The decisions of the governments should accord with the fundamental interests of the people. TranslationTranslationWhat he said does not accord with what actually happened. 他所说的他所说的并不符合并不符合事实vi. fml (+with) to be the same (as); agree 符合，与符合，与……一致（常与一致（常与with连用）连用） deprive (vt.) (Line 39, Para. 3)固定短语：固定短语：deprive sb. of sth. v. to take away from; prevent from using or having 剥夺剥夺, 使丧失使丧失请完成下面的句子。
请完成下面的句子ExerciseExerciseThat law will ________________________________. 那部法律将那部法律将剥夺他们的最基本的权利剥夺他们的最基本的权利deprive them of their most basic rightsDue to taking excitant , that athlete has already been _____________________________________________. 由于服用兴奋剂，那个运动员已经由于服用兴奋剂，那个运动员已经丧失了参加奥运丧失了参加奥运会的资格会的资格deprived of the right to take part in the Olympic Gamesdeprivationn. the act of depriving or state of being deprived 剥夺，丧失剥夺，丧失 gender identityThere is a culture bias in education that favors boys over girls.The culture provides different images and adult models for boys and girls. 性别特征性别特征教育中存在着一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化倾向。
教育中存在着一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化倾向文化为男孩和女孩提供了不同的形象和成年人榜样文化为男孩和女孩提供了不同的形象和成年人榜样 develop more positive attitudeopen their doors to …形成更积极的态度形成更积极的态度向向…… 敞开大门敞开大门From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers call on males in class far more than on male students. 从托儿所到研究生课堂，老师请男学生发言的次从托儿所到研究生课堂，老师请男学生发言的次数远比请女学生多数远比请女学生多 Teachers assign boys and girls different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. 老师们根据根深蒂固的性别模式给女孩子布置与老师们根据根深蒂固的性别模式给女孩子布置与男孩子不同的任务男孩子不同的任务Girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. 那些九岁以前在数学方面比男孩子强的女孩，此那些九岁以前在数学方面比男孩子强的女孩，此后却落后了。
后却落后了 处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧 – –拆译法拆译法拆译法拆译法 处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧（二）拆译法（二）拆译法 拆译法就是将英语句子拆译法就是将英语句子中有些成分，比如词、词组、中有些成分，比如词、词组、插入成分或者从句，从句子插入成分或者从句，从句子的主干中拆分出来处理，或的主干中拆分出来处理，或变成短句，或变成独立句等变成短句，或变成独立句等这些成分可改变位置，但是这些成分可改变位置，但是要利于译文句子的总体安排，要利于译文句子的总体安排，使译文自然、通顺使译文自然、通顺 The number of young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible --- about one in four.（（单词拆译）单词拆译）大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力，这简直令人难以置大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信Let us admit, and regret, that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him.（（单词拆译）单词拆译）我们不得不承认，他真的相我们不得不承认，他真的相信凡与他抱不同见解的人不信凡与他抱不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是可能是一个正人君子，这是令人遗憾的事。
令人遗憾的事 There is a tide taken at the flood in the affairs not only of men but of women too, which leads on to fortune.（（词组拆译）词组拆译）人生在世，有时会走运，抓住人生在世，有时会走运，抓住时机，就能飞黄腾达，不但男时机，就能飞黄腾达，不但男性如此，女性也一样性如此，女性也一样With the fear of, largely imaginary, plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的 A friendly correspondence as neighbors and old acquaintances had continued between me and Mrs. Read’s family, who all had a regard for me from the time of my first lodging in their house.（（从句拆译）从句拆译）从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心，从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心，我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往始终未断。
始终未断This land, which once barred the way of weary travelers, now has become a land for winter and summer vacations, a land of magic and wonder.（（从句拆译）从句拆译）现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；而从前，筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步而从前，筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步 Some men have been virtuous blindly, others have speculated fantastically, and others have been shrewd to bad purposes. （（单单词拆译）词拆译）有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用于邪道虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用于邪道Next door, a larger-than-expected audience of 300 attended the Fifteenth International Conference on Environment Protection.（（词组拆译）词组拆译）隔壁大厅里，参加隔壁大厅里，参加“第十五届国际环境保护大会第十五届国际环境保护大会”的人数竟达的人数竟达300名之多，这真是出乎意料。
名之多，这真是出乎意料 On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.（（从句拆译）从句拆译）我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世 写作实践写作实践•例文例文: Gender Inequality in Employment of College Graduates•相关链接相关链接 Writing Activities Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Gender Inequality in Employment of College Graduates. You should write at least 120 words according to the given information below:1.1.1.1.高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；2.2.2.2.用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；3.3.3.3.你对在就业中你对在就业中你对在就业中你对在就业中““““男女不平等男女不平等男女不平等男女不平等””””的看法。
的看法 Writing ActivitiesGender Inequality in Employment of College Graduates In recent years, the number of college graduates is skyrocketing (猛涨), while the number of job vacancies (空缺) is limited and seemingly shrinking. If you pay attention to the “want ads” in newspapers or on the Campus Information Board, you can find words like “males preferably,” or even “males ONLY.” When hunting for jobs in the Talent Fair, female graduates are more likely to sense the bias in employment that favors male graduates over females. Writing Activities The discrimination against females in employment widely exists for a variety of reasons. The employers have their sound reasons — women are not fit for some of the jobs they offer. Most employers believe that women would not devote themselves to their careers as much as men do, for they spend more time and energy on family life or housework. Apart from this, it is generally accepted that females are physically and intellectually inferior to males, so they are not able to contribute much due to their incapability. Furthermore, the biological difference is another obstacle that hinders women from obtaining certain positions. Writing Activities As a matter of fact, it is not primarily biology that determines women’s roles in society, but social prejudices (偏见). Men have been viewed as the breadwinner of the family, while women are expected to take care of the children and to do the housework. The employers’ discrimination against females not only deprives them of the opportunity Writing Activitiesto fulfill their dreams, but greatly discourages them as well — even though their academic performances are better than males, the chances for them to get jobs are fewer. In reality, if females are treated similarly, they have the same potential as their male counterparts（男同胞） and can accomplish similar goals. Writing ActivitiesI. [ GRE作文题目作文题目I ] Statistics collected from dentists indicate that three times more men than women faint while visiting the dentist. This evidence suggests that men are more likely to be distressed about having dental work done than women are. Thus, dentists who advertise to attract patients should target the male consumer and emphasize both the effectiveness of their anesthetic techniques and the sensitivity of their staff to nervous or suffering patients. Writing ActivitiesII. [ GRE作文题目作文题目II] The following recommendation was made by the president and administrative staff of Grove College, a private institution, to the college's governing committee. “We recommend that Grove College preserve its century-old tradition of all-female education rather than admit men into its programs. It is true that a majority of faculty members voted in favor of coeducation, arguing that it would encourage more students to apply to Grove. But eighty percent of the students responding to a survey conducted by the student government wanted the school to remain all female, and over half of the alumni who answered a separate survey also opposed coeducation. Keeping the college all-female, therefore, will improve morale among students and convince alumni to keep supporting the college financially.” Thanks for Your Attention! 。