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1、专题二代词和数词专题二代词和数词-2-考情概览纵观近五年的天津高考英语试题,对于代词的考查主要集中在替代词one,it,that和this等的用法。命题者把that,one,ones,those,this,it,them,these等不同用法的代词放在具体的语境中,让考生根据所替代的名词的特点和所跟定语的修饰特点对它们进行辨别。另外,不定代词either,neither,both,none,another,other,the other,each,any,all,some和复合不定代词everybody,nobody,anybody,somebody也是很好的命题热点;反身代词的使用及其构成的
2、惯用习语也要引起重视。高考对数词的考查不频繁,近几年未曾出现关于数词的考题。但是,倍数的表达方式、分数或百分数做主语、及数量词做主语时的主谓一致情况也是考查的重点。-3-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八人称代词的用法人称代词有人称、数和格的不同。主格在句中做主语或表语;宾格在句中做宾语,但在口语中也能做表语。在省略句中单独使用或用在not后(多用宾格)。如:I like English.Me too.Have more wine?Not me.-4-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八【典例分析】Whos that at the door? is the milkman.
3、A.He B.ItC.ThisD.That答案为B项。句意:门口那人是谁?是送奶工。it是人称代词,指代不知道姓名或性别的人,这里用来表明身份。Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her.A.themB.herC.itselfD.herself 答案为C项。考查代词辨析。句意:令人惊奇的是,苏珊的秀发直抵膝盖以下,就像给她披上了一层外衣。根据句意及句子结构,选项表示的是主语hair,故应选择与主语hair同义的反身代词itself。考点四-5-考点一
4、考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法1.both,either,neither 用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:Both the boys are clever.Neither of the two boys is clever.2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的
5、东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能做定语用,但each还可做主语、宾语和同位语。如:All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Each student may have one book.Each of them has an e-dictionary./They each have an e-dictionary.考点四-6-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八【典例分析】 Shed lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and m
6、oved to Cambridge.A.bothB.neitherC.noneD.either答案为B项。考查代词。句意:她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过,但是这两个地方她都不喜欢,于是搬到了剑桥。前面提到了两个地方,否定两者用neither。考点四-7-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither答案为D项。句意:这个研究小组在调查的基础上提供了两份报
7、告,但是没有一份包含着有用的建议。根据but一词可知,此处表示转折,故用否定意义的代词,排除A项和C项;两者都否定用代词neither;none表示三者或三者以上全部否定。考点四-8-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四复合不定代词的用法由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。1.some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物;重要的人或事”。如:Somebody is waiting outside.He thinks hes really somebody.有时也用于疑问句中表示邀请。如:Would
8、you like something to eat?-9-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四2.any构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物;无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip,register here please!有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:You can take anything you like.3.no构成的复合不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:I know nothing abo
9、ut it.There is nobody here.-10-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四4.every构成的复合不定代词意为“一切人或物;每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:She does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.-11-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2017天津耀华中学二模,4)Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and before you leave.A
10、.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing答案为C项。考查不定代词。句意:在你离开前,确保你已经有了护照、票等一切东西。something“某事”;anything“任何事”;everything“一切”;nothing“什么都没有”。根据句意可知C项正确。-12-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A.OneB.No oneC.EveryoneD.Someone答案为C项。one表泛指,“一个人”;no one“没有人”
11、;everyone“每个人”;someone“有人,某人”。根据第一句中的anyone“任何人”可知,这儿的每个人都可以帮忙。句意:你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。故选C项。考点四-13-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四other,theother,others,theothers,another的用法1.other和the other通常做定语用;others和the others通常做主语、宾语或表语用。如:He is willing to help others/other people.2.other和others用作泛指,没有明确的范围;the othe
12、r和the others为特指,有一定的范围。如:Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing.The other students/The others have not.3.在句型one .the other .(用于两者)中,the other可用做主语或宾语;在some .others (other .)句型中虽有一定范围,但other(s)前不用冠词。如:Some of us like football,and others are fond of basketball.-14-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考
13、点八考点四4.another为泛指,与单数名词连用。但another后可跟few或带数字的复数名词,相当于a few或数字加more再加复数名词。如:We need another five chairs/five more chairs.【典例分析】 To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A.anotherB.the otherC.otherD.either答案为B项。因为一个人有两只脚,所以用the other表示两只中的另一只。another指三者或三者以上范围
14、中的“另一个,又一个”。故B项正确。句意:为了取暖,那个水手坐在火前面,用一只光着的脚搓着另一只光着的脚。-15-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四不定代词none与noone的用法1.none意为“一个(点)也没有”,既可指人,也可指物,可对how many和how much的提问作出简略回答。如:How much water is there in the bottle?None.2.no one意为“没有人,没有谁”,一般指人,可用来回答who提出的问题。如:Who is in the classroom?No one.3.none后常接of介词短语,但no one和nob
15、ody后面不接of介词短语。如:None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties.-16-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2017天津红桥区一模,2)Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.A.nothingB.no oneC.noneD.neither答案为C项。句意:桌子上所有的书中,没有一本对我们的学习有任何的帮助。因为前面提到了描述的对象books,后面指的是在数量上“一个也没有”,故用none。nothing指物,no one
16、指人,二者都表示叙述的对象。none指人或物,表示数量。neither指两者中的任何一个都不。故选C项。-17-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四it的用法1.it可用于无人称的句子中,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如:It is getting warmer and warmer.Its ten minutes walk from here to our school.2.it可代替动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句做形式主语或形式宾语。如:Its important for us to learn a second language.We must make it
17、clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.-18-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it答案为D项。句意:如果你正在观看你自己喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进入房间,没有询问你的意见就把电视关掉了,你
18、会有什么样的感受?表示人的情感好恶的动词like,love,hate等后面通常接it做形式宾语。-19-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四it,that,those,one,ones表示替代的用法1.it用来代替前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词,属于“同名同物”的替代。也可替代前面提到的某种情况或某个动作以避免重复。it还可在take/like/hate/hide/appreciate/depend on等后做形式宾语,代替后面的宾语从句或不定式短语。如:I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it代替my pen)I
19、 hate it in summer when it is hot.-20-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四2.that用来替代前面出现过的特指的单数可数名词或者特指的不可数名词,相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”,属于“同类异物”的替代,that后一般有限定成分。如:The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代替the weather,后有介词短语in Tianjin修饰)“the+单数可数名词”可以用that代替,用the one来代替更为常见。如:The book is not so int
20、eresting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代替the book,后有定语从句 I bought last week修饰)-21-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四3.those代替前面出现的可数名词复数以避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones 通用。如:The houses of the rich are generally larger than those/the ones of the poor.4.one只能替代前面出现过的可数名词单数形式,是泛指概念,相当于“a/an+可数名词单数
21、形式”,属于“同类异物”的替代。如:I lost my pen yesterday.I will buy one.(one代替a pen)The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(the one代替the film,后有定语从句I saw yesterday修饰)5.ones用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数形式。the ones表示特指,常相当于those。如:I do not like green apples.I like red ones.(ones代替apples)-22-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例
22、分析】 (2017天津红桥区上学期期中,2)Oh,no!My English novel is missing.I saw Tom leaving with ,but I am not sure whether yours was included.A.oneB.itC.some D.that答案为C项。句意:哦,不!我的英文小说丢了。我看到汤姆走的时候拿着几本,但我不确定你的那本是不是在里面。由whether yours was included可推断第二句指汤姆走的时候拿着好几本书,不知道里面有没有第一句所说的那本英文小说,因此空格处应填表示复数的some。-23-考点一考点二考点三考点五
23、考点六考点七考点八考点四Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.A.theseB.someC.onesD.those答案为D项。考查不定代词。句意:在16个国家接受调查的那些人中,有一半表示他们首先去最亲密的朋友那里分享自己内心最深切的愿望以及极度的恐惧。此处考查替代词,表示特指且为复数概念要用those。-24-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四数词及倍数的用法1.基数词和序
24、数词的表达方法,及in the 1990s/1990s表示“20世纪90年代”的用法。2.at the age of .表示“在岁时”,in ones thirties表示“在某人三十几岁时”。3.倍数的三种常用表达方式:倍数+比较级+than.;倍数+as+原级+as .;倍数+the+名词(size/height/depth/width/weight)+of .。【典例分析】 Its said that the power plant is now large as what it was.A.twice asB.as twice C.twice muchD.much twice答案为A项
25、。考查倍数。句意:据说,发电厂是原来的两倍大了。倍数和as .as连用时,表示倍数的词要放在第一个as之前。故选A项。-25-1.(2017天津和平区四模,2)Mr.Zhang gave all textbooks to all the pupils,except who had already taken them.A.theseB.onesC.thoseD.the others解析句意:张老师把所有的课本都分给了所有的学生们,除了那些已经拿了课本的学生。代词those在此处替代前面出现的可数名词复数the pupils以避免重复。ones也可替代前面出现的可数名词复数,但表示泛指,此处应用
26、the ones表示特指那些已经拿了课本的学生,排除B项。前面出现的pupils有all修饰,所以排除D项。C-26-2.(2017天津南开区二模,5)Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem.We can choose to start with.A.itB.thatC.eachD.one解析句意:已经提供给我们多种解决问题的方案。我们可以选一个开始。one表示泛指其中一个,相当于a solution,符合句意。it和that均用于指代上文出现的单数可数名词,each指每一个,均与句意不符。故选
27、D项。3.(2017天津耀华中学一模,2)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in the newspaper.A.itB.those C.oneD.that解析句意:网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播的要快得多。it属于“同名同物”的替代;those代指前面出现的可数名词复数形式;one表示泛指,that特指前面出现过的不可数名词。故选D项。DD-27-4.(2017天津耀华中学上学期统练二,3)Wow!Youve got so many clothes.But of them are in fash
28、ion now.A.allB.bothC.neither D.none解析句意:哇!你有这么多衣服啊。但是没有一件是现在流行的。根据句意可知them代指上文提到的clothes,空处表示“没有一件”,指三者或三者以上中一个也没有,故选D项。由“But”可排除A项,B、C两项均指代两者,故排除。5.(2017天津高考压轴卷,22)Tom makes a rule to give a summary of the new important points after class.A.thatB.what C.them D.it解析句意:汤姆把课下总结新的重要知识点当成了一条惯例。it代替后面的动词
29、不定式结构,做句子的形式宾语。故选D项。DD-28-6.In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it7.Is there any power left in your cell phone? Mine is dying.Oh,sorry! There is left in my cell phone,either.A.anything B.no one C.noneD.nothingA 解析that是代词,相当于“the+名词”,在该句
30、中代替前面的the education system,以避免重复。one只用来指代单数可数名词,相当于“a/an+名词”。故选A项。C解析句意:你的手机还有电吗?我的快没了。很抱歉!我的手机也没有一点儿电了。none表示“没有一点儿”。no one指人;nothing指没有任何东西。故选C项。-29-8.Mary donated half of her money to the charity,and spent half on her education.A.anotherB.otherC.any otherD.the other9.All of us want very much to s
31、ee these amusing movies,especially you referred to just now.A.one B.the one C.it D.anyD 解析句意:玛丽把她一半的钱捐给了慈善机构,另一半用在教育上。此处指两者中的另一者,用the other。another用来指(三者以上的数量中)另一个;other指(三者以上的数量中)另一些,后跟复数名词;any other指(三者以上的数量中)其他任何一个。B解析句意:我们都很想看这些有趣的电影,尤其是你刚才提到的那一部。空格处代指“the movie”,故用the one。-30-10.The supermarket
32、 has been broken into three times in the last two years, resulting in their great loss.A.eachB.everyC.anyD.either11.The trains leave every 15 minutes;if you miss ,you dont have to wait long for another.A.itB.thisC.oneD.some A 解析句意:在过去的两年里,这家超市被闯入过三次,每一次都给他们造成了巨大的损失。空格处填入代词。each指(两者或两者以上的数量中的)每一个;eve
33、ry不能做代词用,做形容词用,做定语;any指“任何一次”,常用于疑问句和否定句中;either 指“两者中的任何一者”,不符合题干中的“three times”,故选A项。C解析句意:火车每15分钟一班,如果你错过一班,也不必花很长时间等下一班。空格处用one泛指“a train”。-31-12.What do you do as a volunteer in Africa? ! There are many poor people there.They need a lot of help.A.None B.SomethingC.LittleD.EverythingD 解析句意:你在非洲,
34、作为一名志愿者都做什么?什么都做,那儿有许多穷人,他们需要很多帮助。根据答语中的第二句中可知此处用everything表示“一切”。13.Its one thing to send a short message but to have the person receiving the message actually do something.A.anotherB.otherC.the other D.othersA 解析句意:发短信是一回事,而让接收信息的人真正做点什么又是另一回事。another“又一个,另一个”,用在单数可数名词前,表示“三者或者三者以上中的另外一个”;other是形容
35、词,意为“其他的,另外的”;the other表示两者中的另外一个;others“其他的,另外的”,往往和some连用,构成some .others .,意为“一些另一些”。-32-14.With the loss of her husband in the earthquake,the two children mean to the young mother.A.everythingB.anything C.nothingD.somethingA 解析句意:地震中她失去了丈夫,对于这位年轻的母亲来说两个孩子就是她的一切。everything“全部,一切”,强调整体;anything“任何东
36、西”,强调个体;nothing“什么也没有”,表示否定;something“某事,某物”。根据句意选A项。15. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;isB.Two fifths;areC.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;isD 解析考查数词与主谓一致。句意:那个地区五分之二的陆地是绿树和草地。two fifths “五分之二”,分数或百分数做主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词保持一致,故正确答案为D项。-33-16.I wonder if you have sp
37、otted my newly-bought magazine.I saw Jenny going away with ,but I am not certain whether it is exactly yours.A.itB.thatC.oneD.some 17.We live in a world in which only the strongest can make to the top.A.oneB.itC.eachD.that C 解析句意:我想知道你是否看到了我新买的杂志。我看到珍妮带走了一本,但我不确定那本就是你的。由于前文出现了magazine,这里填替代词one,代替a
38、magazine。B解析句意:我们生活在一个只有最坚强的人才能到达顶峰的世界里。make it“成功;完成”,是习惯表达。-34-18.Years ago it was easy for me to come up with new ideas,but now I have.A.littleB.noC.nothingD.noneD解析题干中的关键词是but,前面的意思是“几年前,我很容易想出新主意来”。but后面表示转折意义,意为“现在我什么主意都想不出来了”。故none是最佳答案。nothing意为“什么也没有”,不合题意。-35-19.Id appreciate if you can tu
39、rn the radio down for my baby is sleeping.A.itB.thatC.thisD.you20.Is Michael a man with good manners?I dont think so.As a matter of fact,he is but polite.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA 解析Id appreciate it if .是惯用句型,其中的it是虚词,无实际意义。B解析句意:迈克尔是一个有礼貌的人吗?我认为不是,事实上,他一点儿也不礼貌。根据句意可知,此处要用anything but短语,意为“根本不”。
