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1、Knowledge and Wisdom(abridged)Bertrand RussellUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomPhilosophy=philo+sophia Love of wisdom pursuit of wisdomUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomTeaching ObjectivesBy the end of this unit, you are supposed to uunderstand the main idea, structure of this text and Russells writing styleumas
2、ter the key language points and grammatical structures in the textube able to discuss the philosophical concept of wisdomupassage translationUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomTeaching Procedure1. Group Presentation2. Pre-reading Questions3. Text Analysis Main idea of the text Structure analysis Text analys
3、is4. Language Points5. Translation6. RevisionUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomPre-reading Questions Who is Russell? What do you know about him? 2+2=4? 闻知，说知，亲知。墨经 三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用。埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用。凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。故有之以为利，无之以为用。道德经 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。论语 道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。道德经 Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomBertrand Russel
4、l (1872-1970)Philosopher, mathematician, logician, the Noble Laureate in Literature (1950) A proponent of nuclear disarmament and outspoken critic of American War in Vietnam An atheist: Is There a God?Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomMain IdeaAccording to Russell, which one(s) of the following items const
5、itute(s) wisdom? A. Comprehensiveness mixed with a sense of proportion B. A full awareness of the ends of human life C. Emancipation from personal prejudice D. ImpartialityKey: A. B. C. DUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomStructure AnalysisWork out the outline of this text with your partners1. Thesis:_.2. F
6、actor one:_. Coherence device:_.3. Factor two:_. Coherence device:_.4.Factorthree:_.5. Factor four:_.several factors that contribute to wisdoma sense of proportionhowever, alsoawareness of the ends of human lifenot only.butemancipation from personal prejudiceimpartialityUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomKn
7、owledge and Wisdom1. Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses (be greater than) all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative (have relation to) increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases (there are various opinions) as soon as we attempt to define wisdom and consid
8、er means (a method) of promoting it. I want to ask first what wisdom is, and then what can be done to teach it.sur-:over, abovee.g. surchargeUnit 8 knowledge and wisdom1. What is the theme of this paragraph? Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge,
9、 there has been no correlative increase in wisdom. 2. What is the purpose of this writing? Russell would like to discuss what contributes to wisdom and hot to teach wisdom. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdom2. There are, I think, several factors that contribute to (help cause sth.) wisdom. Of these I shoul
10、d put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. (the ability to consider all the significant factors in a problem and to analyze theirs importance respectively) This has become more difficult than it used
11、 to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomSuppose, for example, that you are engaged in (be busy) research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb (occupy) the whole of you
12、r intellectual energy. You have not time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomYou succeed (let us say), as modern medicine has succeeded, in (achieve aims) enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in
13、 Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous (densely populated) parts of the world. -ous: characterize by, of the naturee.g. mountainous, poisonousUnit 8 knowledg
14、e and wisdomTo take an even more spectacular example, which is in everybodys mind at the present time: You study the composition of the atom from a disinterested (fair, objective) desire for knowledge, and incidentally place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. d
15、isinterested vs. uninterestedfair, objective vs. not interested inUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomIn such ways the pursuit of knowledge may become harmful unless it is combined with wisdom; and wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not necessarily present in specialists in the pursuit of knowled
16、ge. ?Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomParagraph DevelopmentTopic: _.How does Russell developed his point? _Give examples_. _Scientific medicine research. _Atom research_.What is the relationship between these two examples?A sense of proportionUnit 8 knowledge and wisdom3. Comprehensiveness alone, however,
17、 is not enough to constitute wisdom. There must be, also, a certain awareness of the ends of human life. (the ultimate goal of human life) This may be illustrated by the study of history. Many eminent (famous and admired) historians have done more harm than good because they viewed facts through the
18、 distorting medium of their own passions. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomHegel had a philosophy of history which did not suffer from any lack of comprehensiveness, since it started from the earliest times and continued into an indefinite future. But the chief lesson of history which he sought to inculca
19、te (fix idea, belief by repeating) was that from the year 400AD down to his own time Germany had been the most important nation and the standard-bearer (a leading figure) of progress in the world. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomPerhaps one could stretch the comprehensiveness that contitutes wisdom to in
20、clude not only intellect but also feeling. It is by no means uncommon to find men (litotes: 反义法，曲意法。 It is common that.) whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow. Such men lack what I call wisdom.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomParagraph DevelopmentTopic: _.How does Russell develop his point
21、? Give example HegelWhat is his attitude towards Hegel? Negative; wide knowledge but narrow feelingsa certain awareness of the ends of lifeUnit 8 knowledge and wisdom4. It is not only in public ways, but in private life equally, that wisdom is needed. It is needed in the choice of ends to be pursued
22、 and in emancipation from ( freedom from) personal prejudice. Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement. (It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail though it might be noble to do so.)Unit
23、8 knowledge and wisdomMany men in past ages devoted their lives to a search for the philosophers stone and the elixir of life. (tell us story about 秦始皇) No doubt, if they could have found them, they would have conferred (given, grant) great benefits upon mankind, but as it was (in reality, in the ac
24、tual situation) their lives were wasted. (They would have given great benefits to human beings, but in reality their lives were wasted.)Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomTo descend to less heroic matters, consider the case of two men, Mr A and Mr B, who hate each other and, through mutual hatred, bring eac
25、h other to destruction. Suppose you dgo the Mr A and say, Why do you hate Mr B? He will no doubt give you an appalling (horrifying, shocking) list of Mr Bs vices, (moral faults) partly true, partly false. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomAnd now suppose you go to Mr B. He will give you an exactly similar
26、list of Mr As vices with an equal admixture of truth and falsehood. Suppose you now come back to Mr A and say, You will be surprised too learn that Mr B says the same things about you as you say about him, and you go to Mr B and make a similar speech. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdom The first effect, no
27、 doubt, will be to increase their mutual hatred, since each will be so horrified by the others injustice. But perhaps, if you have sufficient patience and sufficient persuasiveness, you may succeed in convincing each that the other has only the normal share of human wickedness, and that their enmity
28、 is harmful to both. If you can do this, you will have instilled (gradually but firmly establish in ones mind) some fragment of wisdom.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomParagraph Development Topic: Examples 1. 2.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdom5. I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as fat as possible
29、, from the tyranny of the here and now. (I think the key to wisdom is to free oneself from the control and limitation of ones physical and emotional world.) We cannot help the egoism of our senses. Sight and sound and touch are bound up with (connect with) our own bodies and cannot be impersonal. Ou
30、r emotions start similarly from ourselves.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomAn infant feels hunger or discomfort, and is unaffected except by his own physical condition. Gradually with the years, his horizon widens, and, in proportion as his thoughts and feelings become less personal and less concerned wit
31、h his own physical states, he achieves growing wisdom. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomThis is of course a matter of degree. No one can view the world with complete impartiality; (judge situation with fairness) and if anyone could, he would hardly be able to remain alive. But it is possible to make a con
32、tinual approach towards impartiality, on the one hand, by knowing things somewhat remote in time or space, and on the other hand, by giving to such things their due weight in our feelings. It is this approach towards impartiality that constitutes growth in wisdom.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomParagraph
33、 Development Topic: Development:Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomWriting Style1. Logical structure2. Persuasive examples3. Concise languageUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomAssignmentGroup Task Translate this passage into Chinese.Individual Task Language pointsUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomLanguage Pointssurpass v.
34、 exceed, be greater thane.g. The student was surpassing himself in mathematics. Toms performance surpassed all expectations. Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomcorrelative a.having or showing a relation to sth. elsee.g. Rights, whether moral or legal, can involve correlative duties.Comparison: relative (to)
35、 a. If sth. is relative to sth. else, it varies according to the speed or level of the other thing.e.g. The amount of petrol a car uses is relative to its speed.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomcease e to an ende.g. At one oclock the rain had ceased. He never ceases to amaze me.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdom
36、contribute tohelp to cause or bring aboute.g. Poor food contributed to her illness.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomtake account oftake into consideratione.g. The Scottish Qualifacations Authority has urged teachers to take account of mistakes which can undermine pupils.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdombe engag
37、ed in be busye.g. In 2008, 81% of seniors indicated they were engaged in the presidential race.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomabsorb v.take up all your attention and energye.g. Cooking is a second career which absorbed her more completely than her acting ever had.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomsucceed inach
38、ieve waht one aimse.g. All of us want to succeed in life.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomdisinterested a.having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore able to judge a situation fairlye.g. a disinterested observer/judgment a piece of disinterested adviceUnit 8 knowledge
39、and wisdomend n.a goal or desired resulte.g. Do you have a particular end in mind? He wanted science students to take an interest in the arts, and to this end he ran literature classes at his home on Sunday afternoons.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdominculcate v.fix beliefs or ideas in sb.s mind, especial
40、ly by repeating them oftene.g. Our football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players. They will try to inculcate you with a respect for culture.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomemancipation n.freedom from political, moral, intellectual or social restraints offensive to reason o
41、r justicee.g. womens / female emancipation black emancipation the emancipation of mankind the emancipation of the serfsUnit 8 knowledge and wisdomconfer on / upon give or grant (an official title, degree, honour, right or advantage to someone)e.g. An honorary doctorate was conferred on him by Peking
42、 University. And if God does not exist, as Sartre claims, our lives can have only the meaning we confer upon them.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomappalling a. horrifying, shockinge.g. When will this appalling war end? Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. The plight of the starving Syrian
43、 refugees is appalling.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomvice n.evil or unprincipled conduct, criminal or immoral behavioure.g. Greed, pride, envy, dishonesty and lust are considered to be vices. The chief of police said that he was committed to wiping out vice in the city.Unit 8 knowledge and wisdomenmity
44、 n.a feeling of hatee.g. enmity between Protestants and CatholicsUnit 8 knowledge and wisdominstill v.gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude, especially a desirable one) in a persons minde.g. It is part of a teachers job to instill self-confidence into his/her students.Unit 8 knowledge
45、and wisdomimpartiality n.the condition of treating all rivals or disputants equallye.g. The state must ensure the independence and impartiality of the justice system. His impartiality was highly suspect.Derivation:partial (a.), partiality (n.), partially (ad.), impartial (a.), impartially (ad.)Unit 8 knowledge and wisdom此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢你的支持，我们会努力做得更好！感谢你的支持，我们会努力做得更好！
