《module8新编剑桥商务英语初级第三版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《module8新编剑桥商务英语初级第三版（46页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Module 8Business topic: Manufacturing processesGraffitiaproblem?JustwashitThepassiveSupplyanddemand/ProductionphilosophyJust-In-Time(JIT)Business skills: Problems ad solutionsSolvingproblemsUseaSmartLidWhenandIfCollocations(词语搭配)withproblemsWevegotaproblem(casepractice)P76 Read the articleThe name o
2、f the companyWhat kind of products the company makesWho uses the productsHubdean Graffiti resistant paints, and anti-graffiti treatmentLocal councils and private companies all over UKPassive不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者 Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnig
3、ht.ThismachinewasmadeinGermany.Thecompanywasestablishedin1950.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.Thisbookwaspublishedlastyear.Thewindowwasbroken.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态 Appear/disappearDieEnd Fail HappenLast 持续LieRemainSitSpreadstand break out 突发，爆发come true 成真 fall asleepkeep silencelo
4、se heart 失去勇气，丧失信心take place 发生P77 Exercise 51.Ifthereisadelay,theclient_.2.Thenewsystem_.3.We_.4.Production_.5.Thearea_.Is informedIs being testedWere shown around the factoryHas been increasedWill be cleaned tomorrowExercise 61.Manage2.Faced3.Areused4.Werebeingvandalised5.Tried6.Wascleanedoff7.Wer
5、edefaced8.Contacted9.Haveworked10.HavebeenprotectedDisposable用完即弃的Eliminate消除，消灭EliminationFinancialreturn金融回报Frustrated挫折的，泄气的Gooff离开，消失，变质Innovation创新Interrupt打断，妨碍InterruptionInventory存货清单Loadingbay装卸湾Maintenance保养，维护Mechanism机构，机制Philosophy哲学，理论Poka-yoke防差错技术Prevent防止Rawmaterials原材料Reliable可靠的Sc
6、enario设想，方案Supplyanddemand供求Surface表面Treatment处理，治疗Underlicense领有执照Vandal故意破坏者Gooutofbusiness破产Inabuyersmarket在买方市场Meetthestandards符合标准TotalQualityControl(TQM)Turnred/blue/greenP 78 Definitions AutomatedCapacityDeliveryDemandHandmadeOrdermakeautomaticorcontroloroperateautomatically.theamountthatcanb
7、econtained.theactofdeliveringordistributingsomething.theabilityanddesiretopurchasegoodsandservices.madebyhandorahandprocess.arequestforsomethingtobemade,supplied,orserved.OutputPlantProduceProductSupplyWarehousethequantityofsomething(asacommodity)thatiscreated.buildingsforcarryingonindustriallabor.c
8、reateormanufactureaman-moditiesofferedforsale.offeringgoodsandservicesforsale.astorehouseforgoodsandmerchandise.Exercise 2WarehouseOrdersDemandAutomatedCapacityProductsExercise 3SupplyPlantahandmadeProduceOutputDeliveriesProduction Philosophy1.J2.F3.B4.C5.G6.E7.I8.A9.D10.HJust In Time (JIT)Productio
9、nmethodtodescribetheconditionwherethereisnoexcessinventorycarriedinstockandproductionisfedbymaterialsarriving“justintime”forproduction.利用即时送达的材料来供应生产，以达到无过剩库存的情况。An inventory strategyInventory is probably one of the two biggest assets on your companys balance sheet.Itisanimportantdeterminant(决定因素)of
10、ReturnOnAssets(ROA资产收益率)andothermeasuresoffinancialperformance.（财务业绩）Carrying stock is expensive, usually 20%-40% of the average value per year. Itwastescapital-capitalthebusinessmayneedforgrowth.Itrequireslargewarehousesandvaluablefloorspace.Largestocksrequiremassivecomputersystemsfortrackingandcon
11、trol.Just In Time and The Toyota Production SystemTheJapanesestudiedAmericanproductionmethodswithparticularattentiontoFordpracticesandtheStatisticalQualityControlpracticesofIshikawa,Edwards Deming,andJoseph Juran.AtToyotaMotorCompany,Taichii OhnoandShigeo Shingo,begantoincorporate(合并)Fordproductiona
12、ndothertechniquesintoanapproachcalled Toyota Production System or Just In Time .TheToyotapeoplealsorecognizedthattheFordsystemhadcontradictionsandshortcomings,particularlywithrespecttoemployees.Toyota soon discovered that factory workers had far more to contribute than just muscle power.Thisdiscover
13、yprobablyoriginatedintheQuality Circlemovement.Ishikawa,Deming,andJuranallmademajorcontributionstothequalitymovement.Another key discovery involved product variety.TheFordsystemwasbuiltaroundasingle,neverchangingproduct.Itdidnotcopewellwithmultipleornewproducts.Whentheproductivityandqualitygainsbeca
14、meevidenttotheoutsideworld,AmericanexecutivestraveledtoJapantostudyit.Quality CircleQualityCircleisoneoftheemployee participation methods.Itimpliesthedevelopmentofskills,capabilities,confidenceandcreativityofthepeoplethroughcumulativeprocessofeducation,training,workexperienceandparticipation.Italsoi
15、mpliesthecreationoffacilitativeconditionsandenvironmentofwork,whichcreatesandsustainstheirmotivationandcommitmenttowardsworkexcellence.asmallgroupof6to12employeesdoingsimilarworkmeettogetheronaregularbasistoidentifyimprovementsintheirrespectiveworkareasusingproventechniquesforanalysingandsolvingwork
16、relatedproblemsThe concept of Quality Circlebaseduponrecognitionofthevalue of the worker as a human being,assomeonewhowillinglycontributesonhisjob,hiswisdom,intelligence,experience,attitudeandfeelings.Ithasthreemajorattributes:Quality Circle is a form of participation management. Quality Circle is a
17、 human resource development technique. Quality Circle is a problem solving technique. Objective of Quality CircleChange in AttitudeFromIDONTcaretoIDOcare.ContinuousimprovementinqualityofworklifeSelf DevelopmentDevelopment of Team SpiritIcouldnotdobutwediditEliminateinterdepartmentalconflicts.Improve
18、d Organisational CulturePositiveworkingenvironment.Totalinvolvementofpeopleatalllevels.Highermotivationallevel.ParticipateManagementprocessWhat was done at Ford Motor company to eliminate storage cost?What name was given to the JIT concept at the Toyota Motor Corporation?What is the main objective o
19、f JIT?Raw materials were taken straight to the factory floor.The Toyota Production SystemTo eliminate waste and improve productivity. How many sorts of waste have been eliminated in lean manufacturing (精精益益生生产产)? What are they?Which sentence is the summary of the JIT philosophy?Seven: Overproduction
20、; Excess transportation; Excess inventory; waiting time; processing(处处理理); motion（移动）（移动） and production defects.Having the right amount of the right material, in the right place, at the right time.Additive上瘾的adjAdvertise广告nAssemblyline流水线nBacterium/bacteria细菌nCatastrophe大灾难，大祸nClosedcircuitTV闭路电视nC
21、ompatible/compatibility兼容的adj/兼容性nComponent组件nDedicate/dedicated奉献/有奉献精神的Deface破坏，磨损vtDefect瑕疵，故障，缺点nDetect发现，探测，检定vtPoka-yokeaJapanesetermthatmeansfail-safingormistake-proofing.Itwasoriginallydescribedasbaka-yoke,butasthismeansfool-proofing.Aprocessthathelpsanequipmentoperatoravoidmistakes.Itspurpo
22、seistoeliminateproductdefectsbypreventing,correcting,ordrawingattentiontohumanerrorsastheyoccur. Examplesofpoka-yokeinconsumerproductsTheinabilitytoremoveacarkeyfromtheignitionswitchofanautomobileiftheautomatictransmissionisnotfirstputintheParkposition,sothatthedrivercannotleavethecarinanunsafeparki
23、ngconditionwherethewheelsarenotlockedagainstmovement.3.5floppydisks:thetop-rightcornerisshapedinacertainwaysothatthediskcannotbeinsertedupside-down.UK13ampelectricplugs:itisimpossibletowronglyinserttheplugintothesocket,duetoitsarrangementofthreerectangularpins.Microwaveovens:adoorswitchautomatically
24、disconnectstheactivationbuttonwhenthedooroftheovenisopened.Asaresult,itisimpossibletocookanythinginamicrowaveovenunlessthedoorisfullyclosed.SIM(SubscriberIdentityModule)cards:TheSIMcardusedincellularphoneshasitsupperleftcornertrimmeddiagonallytoguidethecardcorrectlyintoposition. Solving Problems: Ex
25、ercise 2Workinpairs.BrainstormideastofindaPoka-Yokeway.LabellingSoundTankdesignDetectorAlarmMonitorShepherdReinforcethefenceIncreasecowsactivitygroundDeviceCamera+monitorAlarm soundAlarm systemMonitor systemWrong fuelGet stuck in the doorCow escapingUse different measures of diameter of the tubes.Op
26、tical cells to stop doors from closing when people are getting on/off.Stones to make the gate close automatically.Exercise 41.Preventamistakefrombecomingacatastrophe(大灾难).2.Itonlyfitstherighttank.3.Stopthedoorsfromclosingwhenpeoplearegettingoff.4.Tomakethegatecloseautomatically.Total Quality Managem
27、ent (TQM)AmanagementconceptcoinedbyEdwardsDeming.ThebasisofTQM:toreducetheerrorsproducedduringthemanufacturingorserviceprocess.toincreasecustomersatisfaction,supplychainmanagement.toaimformodernizationofequipmentandensureworkershavethehighestleveloftraining. One of the Principal Aimstolimiterrorsto1
28、per1millionunitsproduced.oftenassociatedwiththedevelopment,deployment,andmaintenanceoforganizationalsystemsthatarerequiredforvariousbusinessprocesses. Seven Basic Tools of Quality Thecause-and-effectorIshikawadiagramThechecksheet(检查单)Thecontrolchart（控制图）Thehistogram（柱状图）Theparetochart（排列图）Thescatter
29、diagram（散点图）flowchart（流程图/生产过程图）TQM vs. Six Sigma TQMtriestoimprovequalitybyensuringconformance(一致)tointernalrequirements.SixSigmafocusesonimprovingqualitybyreducingthenumberofdefects.P82 Collocations with problems1.Detect2.Causing3.Having4.Explain5.Avoid6.Dealwith7.SolveBusinessethicsCorporationres
30、ponsibilityWeve got a problem1.Hi,David.Issomethingwrong?2.Isitserious?3.Oh,whatswrong,exactly?4.Ohno!Haveyoustoppedproduction?5.OK,IllcontactHeadOfficeimmediately.6.Yes,Illdothattoo.P83 Group work CeramicsKilnDepartmentsIdeas and solutionsProduct ManagerMaintenance ManagerPurchasing ManagerOverall solutions知识回顾知识回顾Knowledge Knowledge ReviewReview
