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1、introduction to the TextAbout the Story“Love is a Fallacy” is taken from Max Shulmans The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, 1951. The narrator of the story is Dobie.It is about a law student who tries to marry the girl after suitable re-education, but hes been too clever for his own good.Introduction to t
2、he TextAbout the StoryThis text is a piece of narrative writing, a story. The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a freshman in a law school, is the hero or protagonist. He struggles against two antagonists: Petey Burch, his roommate whose girlfriend he plans to steal; and Polly Espy, the girl he i
3、ntends to marry after suitable re-education.The climax of the story is reached in paragraphs147 to150 when Polly refuses to go steady with the narrator because she had already promised to go steady with Petey Burch.BackIntroduction to the TextThe denouement follows rapidly and ends on a very ironic
4、tone. The raccoon coat which he gave to Petey Burch for the privilege of dating his girl, the raccoon coat which the narrator disliked and abhorred, was the instrument of his undoing. Polly Espy promised to go steady with Petey Burch because he owned a raccoon coat, a coat that all fashionable peopl
5、e on campus were wearing. The main theme of the story, however, is stated by the writer in the title of the story: “Love is a fallacy”BackIntroduction to the TextThe whole story is a piece of light, humorous satire. The writer, Max Shulman, is satirizing or making fun of a smug, self-conceited fresh
6、man in a law school. The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at every conceivable opportunity. From the very beginning (para.4), he begins to heap on(大加颂扬) himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think of cool, logical, keen,
7、 calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute, powerful, precise and penetrating. This exaggerated self-praise and the profuse use of similes and metaphors help to make the satire humorous.BackIntroduction to the TextAt the same time the narrator takes every opportunity to downgrade Petey Burch. For ex
8、ample, he calls him: “dumb, nothing upstairs, unstable, impressionable and a faddist.”(para.5) And as for Polly Espy, she is “a beautiful dumb girl”, who would smarten up under his guidance. In order to smarten her up, the narrator decides to give her a course in logic. He teaches her how to recogni
9、ze the common fallacies of logic. He succeeds too well because the whole thing backfires on him when Polly refutes all his arguments as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him.BackIntroduction to the TextIn desperation the narrator argues that “the things you learn in school dont have anythin
10、g to do in life” (para.145) The appeal does not move Polly because she does not reject him on logical grounds. She rejects him because he does not own a raccoon coat as Petey Burch does. At the end of the story, the reader feels the narrator has got what he deserved. He has been too clever for his o
11、wn good. BackIntroduction to the TextAbout the TitleThe title of the story is humorous and well-chosen. It has two meanings: Backl1. When “fallacy” is taken in its ordinary sense, the title means: lThere is a deceptive or delusive quality about love. l2. When “fallacy” is taken as a specific term in
12、 logic, the title means: lLove cannot be deduced from a set of given premises. Introduction to the TextAbout the TitlePerhaps Max Shulman wants the reader, after reading the story, to conclude that “love” is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic. But the w
13、riter, through this story has succeeded perhaps unwittingly(无意地) in revealing what love may sometimes mean in the affluent society. Girls do not want brilliant, gifted or educated husbands, but want husbands who are rich and wealthy enough to provide all the things necessary in life home, clothes, c
14、ars, etc.BackOrganizational PatternSection I (Paras.1-3): the authors note. 1. The authors idea about this story. 2. The authors idea about the purpose of this story.BackOrganizational PatternSection II (Paras.4-59): the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl.
15、1. (para.4) introduction of the narrator: protagonist2. (paras.5-21) introduction of the first antagonist: Petey Burch. He downgrades his roommate, who has nothing upstairs.3. (paras.22-27) introduction of the second antagonist: Polly EspyBackOrganizational PatternSection II (Paras.4-59): the bargai
16、n between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl.4. (paras. 28-40) sounding out(探听；探询) the relationship between Petey and Polly.5. (paras.40-59) unethical(不道德的) transaction over PollyThe student gives the raccoon coat the roommate wants, and his roommate gives his girl friend
17、 in return. They have a kind of deal.BackOrganizational PatternSection III (Paras.60-124): the teaching of 8 logical fallacies1. (para.60-61) a survey, first date with the girl, first impression of the girl. He tries to find out how stupid she is.2. (paras.62-74) the teaching of Dicto Simpliciter 3.
18、 (paras.75-79) the teaching of Hasty Generalization4. (paras.80-85) the teaching of Post Hoc5. (paras.86-96) the teaching of Contradictory PremisesBackOrganizational PatternSection III (Paras.60-124): the teaching of 8 logical fallacies6. (paras.97-98) Interposition. He wants to give the girl back.7
19、. (paras.99-104) the teaching of Misericordiam8. (paras.105-108) the teaching of False Analogy9. (paras.109-114) the teaching of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact10. (paras.115-124) the teaching of Poisoning the WellBackOrganizational PatternSection IV (Paras. 125-154): the ending of the story: backfiring
20、 of all the argumentsThe girl learns her lessons too well. She uses all the logical fallacies to fight back her teacher.Pay attention to his change of emotions:1. favoring her with a smile2. chuckled with amusement3. chuckled with somewhat less amusement4. forcing a smile/ ground my teeth5. croaked,
21、 dashed perspiration from my brow6. bellowing like a bullBackDetailed Study of the TextCharles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children. (Para.1)Charles Lamb (1775-1834): English es
22、sayist, was born in London and brought up within the precincts of the ancient law courts. He is now best known for his “Essays of Elia” (1823-1833). He collaborated with his sister Mary in adapting Shakespeares plays into stories for children. His famous works include “Tales from Shakespeare” and “S
23、pecimens of English Dramatic Poets”. He did much in reviving the popularity of Elizabethan drama and established his reputation as a critic.BackDetailed Study of the TextCharles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his me
24、morable Old China and Dreams Children. (Para.1) enterprising: ad. having or showing enterprise 有事业心的；有胆量的；富于创业精神的Its very enterprising of them to try and start up a business like that. Backlasas: a correlative construction used to indicate the equality or sameness of two things. lHe is as strong as
25、an ox. lmonth of Sundays: (colloquial) long timeDetailed Study of the TextCharles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children. (Para.1)Backlunfettered: ad. (fml. or lit.) free from con
26、trol; not tied by several rules lThe new city developed quickly, unfettered by the usual planning regulations.lOld China and Dreams Children: Title of two essays written by Charles Lamb. Detailed Study of the TextCharles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays
27、, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children. (Para.1)Backlunfettered the informal essay with: Metaphor. Charles Lamb, a merry and enterprising fellow, with his essays Old China and Dreams Children, set free (loosened the chains that bound) the informal essay.lCha
28、rles Lamb is a very merry and enterprising person. Youll meet such a person only after a long time. He wrote the essays, Old China and Dreams Children, which set free the informal essay.Detailed Study of the TextCharles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,
29、 unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children. (Para.1)Backl译文：译文：查尔斯兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有查尔斯兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文进取心的人，他那笔下的散文古瓷器古瓷器和和梦梦中的孩子中的孩子无拘无束、自由奔放。无拘无束、自由奔放。Detailed Study of the TextThere follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs fronti
30、er. (Para.1)BacklMetaphor, comparing the limitations set by Lamb to a frontier. The informal essay that follows here is freer than the one Charles Lamb wrote. Detailed Study of the TextIndeed, “informal” may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; “limp” or “flaccid” or possibly “spongy”
31、 are perhaps more appropriate. (Para.1) limp: ad. drooping; lacking firmness 无力的；易弯的I like lettuce to be crisp, not limp and soggy. 我喜欢莴苣是脆的，不喜欢软而湿乎乎的。flaccid: ad. soft and weak; flabbyspongy: ad. like a sponge; soft and porousBackDetailed Study of the TextIndeed, “informal” may not be quite the rig
32、ht word to describe this essay; “limp” or “flaccid” or possibly “spongy” are perhaps more appropriate. (Para.1) specific characteristics of his writing (essay). He is joking , not seriousIt would perhaps be more correct to call this essay a limp, flaccid or a spongy essay.BackDetailed Study of the T
33、extVague though its category, it is without doubt an essay. (Para.2) Inversion to emphasize “vague”. Though its category is vague/hard to define.BackDetailed Study of the TextCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Para.2) Carlyle: Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), English author, Scottish writerHe influenc
34、ed social thinking about the new industrial working class through his essay “Chartism” and his book “The Present and the Past”. He is best known for his epic history of “The French Revolution” (1837) and his lectures “On Heroes and Hero-Workshop” (1841)BackDetailed Study of the TextCould Carlyle do
35、more? Could Ruskin? (Para.2) He produced “Sartor Resartus” (1833-34), the book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled sardonic (scornful 挖苦的) attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of w
36、hich life and usefulness have departed.BackDetailed Study of the TextCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Para.2) Carlyle developed a peculiar style of his own which was called “Carlyese” or “Carlylism”.His style was a compound of 1)biblical phrases2)colloquialisms3)Teutonic （条顿的，日尔曼的）twists4)his o
37、wn coinage arranged in unexpected sequences.BackDetailed Study of the TextCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Para.2) Ruskin: John Ruskin (1819-1900), English critic and social theorist, a writer on art and architecture.In his later writings he attacked social and economic problemsModern Painters
38、(1843)The Stones of Venice The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1857)Time and Tide (1867)BackDetailed Study of the TextCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Para.2) Ruskin: Many of his suggested programs old age pensions, nationalization of education, organization of labor have become accepted doctrine.
39、Positive program for social reforms:Sesame and Lilies （芝麻和百合）（芝麻和百合）The Crown of Wild OliveThe King of the Golden RiverBackDetailed Study of the TextCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Para.2) Two rhetoric questions also for the sake of emphasis.Implication: My writing is even more informal. I can
40、 do better than them. He says this only with his tongue in cheek.BackDetailed Study of the TextRead, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Para.3) far from (
41、it): not at allBacklpedantic: ad. paying too much attention to details and unimportant rules 迂腐的；学究的lpedant: n.ldiscipline: a branch of knowledge or learningltrauma: a term in psychiatry meaning a painful emotional experience or shock, often producing a lasting psychic effect. 心灵创伤；精神创伤Detailed Stud
42、y of the TextRead, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Para.3) Metaphor and hyperbole. It is a metaphor comparing logic to a living human being. It is a hy
43、perbole because it exaggerates for the sake of effect. Logic is not at all a dry, learned branch of learning. It is like a living human being, full of beauty, passion and painful emotional shocks.BackDetailed Study of the TextRead, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic
44、, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Para.3) Backl译文：译文：这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于美感和激情，并给人以启迪。诸泼、清新、富于美感和激情，并给人以启迪。诸位不妨一读。位不妨一读。 Authors note1) His own idea about his own essay:From his point of view,
45、 his essay is sth. limp, spongy. It is very informal.2) His own idea about the purpose of that essay: It is not a dry branch of learning , but like a human being.Detailed Study of the TextCool was I and logical. (Para.4) Inversion for emphasizing “cool”I was both cool and logical.BackDetailed Study
46、of the TextKeen, calculating, perspicacious , acute and astuteI was all of these. (Para.4) calculating: ad. coldly planning and thinking about future actions and esp. whether they will be good or bad for oneself.perspicacious: ad. (fml.) having or showing very clever judgment or understanding 聪敏的；睿智
47、的a perspicacious comment 有见地的评论astute: ad. clever and able to see quickly something that is to ones advantage; shrewd 精明的；敏锐的；狡黠的an astute businesswoman/investmentBackDetailed Study of the TextKeen, calculating, perspicacious , acute and astuteI was all of these. (Para.4) acute: ad. (1) (of the sens
48、es) able to notice small differences; sharp 感觉灵敏的；敏锐的Dogs have an acute sense of smell. He has very acute hearing.(2) showing an ability to understand things clearly and deeply; penetrating. 深刻的an acute analysis of the political situation(3) severe; very great 严重的acute painan acute shortage of water
49、BackDetailed Study of the TextKeen, calculating, perspicacious , acute and astuteI was all of these. (Para.4) Notice the use of the dash. It implies the narrators great pride and absolute confidence in his intelligence. Hes boasting about himself.Comparison of his brain to:a dynamo: powerfula chemis
50、ts scales: precise, accuratescalpel: penetratingOrdinarily one would say: “ I was keen, perspicacious, acute and astute”.BackDetailed Study of the TextMy brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para.4) dynamo: an earlier form of generator, a
51、machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energychemists scales: Such scales are more precise and accurate for they have to weigh small quantities of powder or other medicine.scalpel: a surgeons sharp knife used in operations手术刀；解剖刀BackDetailed Study of the TextMy brain was as powerful
52、 as a dynamo, as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para.4) Simile, comparing his brain to three different things.Hyperbole, exaggerating for effect.BackDetailed Study of the TextIt is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para.5) giant intellect: great mi
53、nd or intelligenceHyperbole for effect.The emphatic sentence type “It is that” is also for emphasizing my “great intelligence”BackDetailed Study of the TextSame age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para.5) dumb: (American colloquialism or slang) stupid; moronic; unintelligentdumb as an ox: as s
54、tupid as an ox; very stupidEllipsis. “He is of the same age and has the same background as me but he is dumb as an ox.”BackDetailed Study of the TextA nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. (Para.5) nothing upstairs: (American slang) empty-headed; a nitwit (笨蛋；傻瓜). The corre
55、sponding British slang is “unfurnished in the upper storey.”Ellipsis. “He is a nice enough young fellow, you understand, but there is nothing in his head.”BackDetailed Study of the TextEmotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. (Para.5) unstable: ad. easily moved, upset or ch
56、angedemotional: ad. having feelings which are strong or easily movedimpressionable: ad. easy to be influenced, often with the result that ones feelings and ideas change easily and esp. that one is ready to admire other people.The child is at an impressionable age. 这孩子正处于易受影响的年龄。BackDetailed Study of
57、 the TextEmotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. (Para.5) faddist: a person who follows fads (a passing fashion or craze)All four sentences are elliptical. The subject and verb “he is” is left out.The ellipsis reveals the narrators attitude toward Petey Burch; he looks dow
58、n upon him.BackDetailed Study of the TextFads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. (Para.5) fads: a passing fashion or crazesubmit: v. to offer as an opinion; suggest; proposevery negation: complete (absolute) lackreason: the ability to think, draw conclusionsFads, in my opinion, show a compl
59、ete lack of reason.BackDetailed Study of the TextTo be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing itthis, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey. (Para.5) to be swept up in: to be carried away by; to follow e
60、nthusiasticallycraze: something that is currently the fashion; fadto surrender yourself to: to yield; to indulge inidiocy: n. U great foolishness or stupidityBackDetailed Study of the TextTo be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else
61、is doing itthis, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey. (Para.5) acme: n. the highest point of development, success, etc. 极度；发展、成就的顶点；登峰造极 the acme of perfection acme of mindlessness: the height of stupidity; the greatest lack of intelligenceNot, however, to Petey: Ellipsis. Thi
62、s was not the acme of mindlessness, however, to Petey.BackDetailed Study of the TextTo be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing itthis, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey. (Para.5) Backl译文：译文：见到一种新鲜的
63、东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那见到一种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干么干，自己也就卷进去傻干这在我看来，简这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。Detailed Study of the Text“Dont move,” I said. “Dont take a laxative. Ill get a doctor.” (Para.6) Laxative: n./ad/ (a medicine or sth.) eaten for causing the bowels to empty easily 泻药；通便剂Its danger
64、ous for people suffering from appendicitis to take any kind of laxative.BackDetailed Study of the Text“Raccoon?” I said, pausing in my flight. (Para.8) flight: n. fleeing or running away from. Here it means “stopped rushing out” (to get a doctor).That narrator repeats “raccoon” as a question to show
65、 that he was surprised and didnt understand why Petey mumbled this word.BackDetailed Study of the Text“I want a raccoon coat,” he wailed. (Para.9) wail: v. (often derog.) to cry out with a long sound (as if) in grief or pain 嚎啕大哭；大声哭叫 “Shes taken my apple, mummy,” he wailed mournfully. The wind wailed in the chimney all night. That narrator repeats “raccoon” as a question to show that he was surprised and didnt understand why Petey mumbled this word.Back
