中考语法精讲——被动语态 2024/8/31 被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（（be+donebe+done) )2024/8/31 1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +done TWe clean the classroom every day.TThe classroom is cleaned by us every day.2024/8/31 THe put on a coat.TA coat was put on by him.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.2024/8/31 3.一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done TThey will plant trees tomorrow.TTrees will be planted by them tomorrowTHe is going to write a letter to his mother.TA letter is going to be written to his mother by him.2024/8/31 4.现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been doneTJim has finished the work.TThe work has been finished by Jim. 2024/8/31 5.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态Tcan/may/must/should +be doneTI can find him.THe can be found by me.2024/8/31 被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
不知道动作的执行者是谁这块手表是中国制造的This watch is made in China.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树Many trees should be planted every year.2024/8/31 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者需要强调或突出动作的承受者世界上越来越多的人说汉语世界上越来越多的人说汉语Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者许多房屋被冲走了许多房屋被冲走了Many houses were washed away by the flood.2024/8/31 主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法T （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）T主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+ +谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+ +动作的承受者动作的承受者T被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+ +谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+ +动作的执行者动作的执行者T （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）T说明：说明：T（（1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格T（（2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由byby引导T（（3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式谓语动词变成相应的被动形式2024/8/31 补充部分补充部分1. 主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义 This kind of shirt sells well.2024/8/31 2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义例：This book is worth reading.2024/8/31 T4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing.T =My bike needs to be repaired.T 我的自行车需要修理。
2024/8/31 课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _________________ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. ____________________ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _______________a birthday present by Mr Turner.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. ______________________________ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. __________________________ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written2024/8/31 1. If city noises ____ from increasing，，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．． A．． are not kept；；will have to B．． are not kept；；have C．． do not keep；；will have to D．． do not keep；；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, ____and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．． --- Yes，，it all depends on the weather．． A．． I've been told B．． I've told C．． I'm told D．． I told ACA2024/8/31 4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge ___ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC2024/8/31 8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit __ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. --- What’s the pretty small house that __ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.--- Do you like the cloth? --- Yes, it ___ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC2024/8/31 12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．． A．． write B．． to write C．． to be written D．． written 13. I have no more letters ____ ，，thank you．． A．． to type B．． typing C．． to be typed D．． typed 14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily. A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go outBCAD2024/8/31 16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. --- What do you think of the book? ---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed ___ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching DCCDB2024/8/31 。