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1、Unit4Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes被被动语态语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many studentsMany students studystudy EnglishEnglish.(.(主动语主动语态态) ) EnglishEnglish is stu
2、diedis studied by many studentsby many students. . ( (被动语态被动语态) )语态语态被动语态的结构被动语态的结构 助动词助动词be+be+过去分词过去分词 (be + done) (be + done)by many students.1.Many students study English.English is studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are madeby themin that factory.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构： is/are+
3、过去分词过去分词They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing
4、.1. They bought a computer last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedA computerwas boughtThey built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classro
5、om just now.They used the rooms for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.The rooms were used for resting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构一般将来时的被动语态结构： be going to be/will be+过去分词过去分词1.They wi
6、ll finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.The room is going to be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster is going to give a talk
7、 this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be t
8、aken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned
9、 off by you.English should be learned well by them.5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being 过去分词过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has been 过去分词过去分词1
10、.We have made a keyby us.A keyhas been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。被动语态的用法被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its said / reported / + that 据说据说/据报道据报道Its reported that it will r
11、ain tomorrow. 据报道，明天会下雨。据报道，明天会下雨。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。短语。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1.1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态. .（指物的宾语叫直接（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）如：如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was gi
12、ven to me by Tom. 2. I bought him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me. give me a book间间直直= give a book to me直直间间to: pass, give, show, bring for: make, buy, draw They take good care of my child. I turned off the radio. 2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态-My child is taken g
13、ood care of .-The radio was turned off (by me). 即即hear , watch , see , make , let ,这些词在这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动，但变被动句时必须加句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.He was seento play basketball last Sunday.2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.He is madeto work for 10 hours.3.3.感官动
14、词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态4.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动过去分词做后置定语，表示被动a boy called Tom 一个叫一个叫Tom的男孩的男孩 a book bought yesterday 一本昨天买的书一本昨天买的书 5.过去分词做宾补，表示被动过去分词做宾补，表示被动 get/make/have sth done 使某物被使某物被 make me understood 使我被理解使我被理解/使人理解我使人理解我 have my hair cut 使我头发被剪使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头请人给我剪头1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代当主动结构中的宾语是反
15、身代词和相互代 词时，词时，不不能改为被动语态。能改为被动语态。 We often help each other. 2）have, take place,happen,feel感觉起来感觉起来,look 看起来看起来,sound,taste,smell不不用于被动用于被动如如: I have a bike. An accident happened to him. The music sounds beautiful.6.6.不能用于被动语态的几种情况不能用于被动语态的几种情况填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classro
16、om after school . （改为被动语态）（改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）（同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . iscleanedwas given byPractice3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now
17、. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will read these story-books next month. （同上）（同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month. can be spokenhas been learnedwill be read5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. i
18、s felt6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it t
19、akes C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrivedC. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given
20、D. would be given11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed12. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 13. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 14. A beautiful bik
21、e _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 15. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked16. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been so
22、ld , get nothing C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some17. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows18. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happe
23、ned 19. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? A. Has finished B. Has being finished C. Is finish D. Has been finished 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _(举行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held完成下列句子：完成下列句子：表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时现在完成时现在完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donebe going to/will be donehave/has been done
