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1、中考英语专项复习中考英语专项复习焦作市实验中学焦作市实验中学 代代 词词考纲解读考纲解读 河南省河南省2010-20142010-2014年中考命题规律年中考命题规律近近五五年年河河南南省省中中考考考考查查情情况况 年份年份 考查点考查点 考查内容考查内容 2014 不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something 2013 复合不定 代词辨析nobody, anybody, somebody, everybody 2012不定代词辨析none, neither, both, all 2011 反身代词myself, me, yourself, you
2、2010不定代词辨析both, all, none, neither分析解读分析解读代词是中考的必考内容。考纲要求要掌握人称代词的主格和宾格、名词性物主人称代词的主格和宾格、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的运用、反身代词的用法代词和形容词性物主代词的运用、反身代词的用法以及不定代词在具体语境中不定代词在具体语境中的正确使用等。的正确使用等。在中考中,关于代词的考题,可以出现在单项单项选择、完形填空,词语运用选择、完形填空,词语运用的考查题中,当然书面表达书面表达更是离不开代词代词的正确运用。近三年代词的考查内容主要集中在不定代词不定代词的用法上。考生在解题时要特别注意语境,仔细分析上下文,捕
3、捉关键信息,排除干扰,从而确定答案。预计2015年河南省中考仍会以考查不定代词不定代词为主,但是还要注意反身代词反身代词和人称代人称代词词,特别是it作形式主语或宾语的用法。考点知识精讲考点知识精讲 代词的单复数代词的单复数 代代词的分类词的分类 单数单数 复数复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 宾格 me you him, her, it us you them物主代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 名词性 mine yourshis,
4、 hers, its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词 this、 that等 these 、 those等 疑问代词 who、whom、whose、which、what等 关系代词 who、whom、whose、which、that等 不定代词 each、everyone、everybody、everything、some、someone、somebody something、few、a few、little、a little、n
5、one、all 考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词1 1、人称代词的定义和分类、人称代词的定义和分类 人称代词人称代词就是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”、“她们”、“它们”的词。人称代词有有人称、数和格的变化。详见下表:考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词2 2、人称代词在句中的功能、人称代词在句中的功能作主语(代替上文中提到的人或物) Mrs. Green is a teacher. She teaches us geography.格林夫人是一位老师。她教我们地理 I cant understand the story. It is written in
6、 Russian.我不能理解这个故事。它是用俄文写的。考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词作宾语(用宾格)直接宾语 Let her play now. 现在让她玩。 We often meet him at the school gate. 我们常常在学校门口碰到他。间接宾语Granny offered us fruit. 奶奶给了我们水果。介词宾语 Please sit between him and me.请坐在我和他之间。 The teacher took good care of us.老师细心照顾我们。作表语(用宾格) A: Who is knocking at the door? 谁在
7、敲门? B: Its me. 是我。 易错点提醒易错点提醒 人称代词不仅仅指人,也可以指事或物。 第三人称单数主格he, she和it的复数形式都是theythey. 选用什么样的人称代词,取决于所要代替的名词。选用的人称代词在数数和性别性别上要与所代替的名词保持一致保持一致。(2014 吉林) Lets call up Jim and invite _ to play football. A. he B. him C. his【思路点拨】 B B 考查人称代词。题干意为:让我们给Jim 打电话,邀请他踢足球吧。句式invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人去做某事”,代词作宾语,故
8、用宾格him。1.We have noticed the problems, and_ will be discussed at the meeting. A. you B. it C. they D. us2. - What do you think of the movie by Zhao Wei? - Terrific. I like _ very much. A. it B. him C. her D. you Exercise考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词3 3、人称代词、人称代词itit的特殊用法的特殊用法(1)指代动物、婴儿或不明性别、身份的人。 例如:Look at the
9、cat ! Isnt it lovely?(2) 指上文已提到或下文将要提到的事或物。 例如:The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest , but it didnt help.(3) 指自然现象、时间、距离、温度等。 例如:Its cloudy today.(4) 指代无生命的东西。 例如: Its a desk.(5)作形式主语形式主语,代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语。常用于下列句型中: Its + adj. +(for sb.) + to do sth. Its time to do/for/t
10、hat It seems that Its ones turn to do sth. Its + adj. + that 从句 It takes sb. some time to do sth.例如:Its important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语是很重要的。(6)作形式宾语形式宾语,代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正宾语,常用在动词 find, think, make等后。例如: I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。1. _ is a good idea to p
11、ut on your coat because its cold outside. A. This B. It C. That D. What2. Televisions have made _ possible for us to watch movies at home. A. that B. this C. it D. they Exercise考点考点2 2 物主代词物主代词1 1、物主代词的定义和分类、物主代词的定义和分类 物主代词是用来表示所属关系所属关系的,即表示“我的”、“你的”、“他/她/它”、“我们的”、“你们的”、“他们/她们/它们的”的词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词形
12、容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词名词性物主代词两大类。其人称及数的变化见下表: 人称形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数复数单数复数第一人称myour mineours第二人称youryour yoursyours第三人称histheirhistheirsher hersitsits2 2、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法区别、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法区别(1)形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词具有形容词形容词的特性,在句中作定语定语,后面必须接名词名词。如:They are doing their homework. 他们正在做家庭作业。(2)名词
13、性物主代词名词性物主代词具有名词名词的特性,后面不不能再跟名词名词。它相当于“形容形容词性物主代词词性物主代词+ +名词名词”,在句中可作主语、宾语、或表语。 如:A: Whose book is this? 这是谁的书? B: Its mine. 是我的。 (mine=my book)(3)“of +of +名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”可以作名词的后置定语后置定语。 如:The girl is a friend of his. 那个女孩是他的一个朋友。(4)在句中,形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词和名词名词之间可以加形容词形容词,但不能接 this ,that ,these ,those
14、,some 等代词代词和冠词冠词a/an, the。 如:My old friend Mike is from the United States. 我的老朋友迈克来自美 国。(5) 形容词性物主代词+own 表示强调强调,意为“完全属于自己的”。 如:Xiao Hua saw Jackie Chan with his own eyes. 肖华亲眼看见了成龙。巧学妙记巧学妙记 物主代词分两家,形、名词性各一霸。 his, its无变化,my, mine记牢它。 其他变化有规律,形容词(性)后面加尾巴(s)。 1. - Is this _ ruler ? - No. _ is over ther
15、e. A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. hers; Hers D. hers; Her2. - Are those books _ ? - No, they are not mine. They belong to _ . A. your; her B. yours; her C. your; hers D. yours; she Exercise考点考点3 3 反身代词反身代词1 1、反身代词的定义和分类、反身代词的定义和分类 表示反射反射或强调强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格人称代词宾格形式,
16、词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译为“本人本人”、“本身本身”,为加强语气,也常译为“亲自亲自”、“自己自己”。其人称及数的变化见下表:巧学妙记巧学妙记 反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加-self ; 其余都要物主加-self , 复数-ves来把f替。 人人称称数数第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2 2、反身代词的用法、反身代词的用法(1)作及物动词或介词的宾语作及物动词或介词的宾语。常用反身代词作宾语的动词或介词搭配有:
17、buy oneself sth. 给自己买 for oneself 亲自 by oneself 独自 teach oneself sth. 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 learn sth. by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随意吃些 make oneself at home 别拘束 hurt oneself 伤着自己 say to oneself 自言自语 look after oneself 照顾自己 leave by oneself 把自己单独留下(2)作主语或宾语的同位语作主语或宾语的同位语。如: He himself is a doctor.
18、他本人就是一名医生。(主语同位语) She wants to meet the singer himself. 她想见见这位歌手本人。(宾语同位语) 1. - Ill have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a bit little nervous. - Believe in _ . Youre the best in our club. A. yourself B. myself C. herself D. himself2. The man called his professor for help because he couldnt solve the prob
19、lem by _. A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves Exercise考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词 表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫作指示代词指示代词。常用的指示代词有this, that, these, those。1. this, these指代距说话人相对较近较近的人或物;指代距离相对较远较远的则用that, those。 如: This is a desk. Thats a chair. 这是书桌,那是椅子。 These are English books. Those are Chinese
20、 books. 这些是英语书,那些是语文书。 2. 在疑问句中,如果句子主语是this, that, these或those, 回答时常用it 代替this或that, 用they 代替these或those。如: A: Is this/that your car? 这/那是你的汽车吗? B: Yes, it is. 是的,这/那是。 A: What are these/those? 这些/那些是什么? B: They are apples. 这些/那些是苹果。3. 在电话用语中,that指“你你”,用于询问对方对方的身份;this指“我我”,常用于自自我介绍我介绍。如: A: Is that
21、 Mr. Black speaking? 你是布莱克先生吗? B: Yes. Whos that? 是的。你是谁呀? A: This is Mike. 我是迈克。4. that 常用于比较结构比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词名词,以避免重复。如:The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Xian today. 今天北京的天气和西安的一样好。考点考点5 5 疑问代词疑问代词初中阶段常接触到的疑问代词包括who, whom, whose, what, which。1、who, whom, whose的用法(1)who 常作句子的主语主语、表语表语或宾语
22、宾语。如: Who will give us a talk tomorrow? 明天谁将给我们作报告? A: Who are those girls? 那些女孩是谁? B: Theyre Toms sisters. 她们是汤姆的姐姐。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?易错点提醒易错点提醒 who 作主语时,即使被问者有两个或两个以上,谓语动词也通常用单数形式。如: A: Who is coming to dinner tonight? B: Lucy, Tom and Mary.(2) whom是who的宾格宾格形式,作动词动词或介词介词的宾语,在口语中可用who代
23、替,紧跟介词介词时只能用whom。如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词meet的宾语) To whom did you speak just now? 你刚才和谁讲话?(在介词后,用whom而不用who)(3)whose 常用在名词名词前作定语定语。如: A: Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车? B: Its his. 是他的。2、what 的用法 what 可用于询问姓名、职业、日期、星期、价格、时间、数量、运算结果等。如: Whats your job? 你的职业是什么? What time is it
24、 now? 现在几点了? Whats the price of this computer? 这台电脑的价钱是多少? What day is it today? 今天星期几? Whats ten and two? 十加二等于几?3、which 的用法 which 引导特殊疑问句时,位于句首句首,可以单独单独使用,也可以放在名词名词前使用。如: Which do you like better, this one or that one? 这个和那个,你更喜欢哪一个? Which colour do you like best, yellow, red or green? 黄色、红色和绿色,你最
25、喜欢哪种颜色?易错点提醒易错点提醒 which 对已确定确定范围内的“哪一个”进行提问,what 对不确定不确定范围内的“哪一个”进行提问。如: Which is the biggest, the sun、the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮,哪一个最大? What class are you in?你在几班?1. - _ can we learn from the film Frozen? - True love, I think. A. Who B. What C. Which D. Whom2.- _ is the boy with a pair of glas
26、ses? - My brother, John. A. How B. Who C. Where D. What Exercise考点考点6 6 关系代词关系代词关系代词用来引导定语从句定语从句,代替先行词先行词,并在从句中充当充当一定成分(作主语、宾语或表语等),常用的关系代词有who, whom, that, which和whose。who指人(宾格whom),which指物,that既可指人也可指物,whose表示所属关系。如关系代词前有介词介词,则只能用which或whom。作宾语的关系代词可以省略。例如: This is the book (that/which) I lent you
27、. 这是我借给你的那本书。 Is that the house in which you once lived? 那是你曾经住过的房子吗? Thats the woman whose house is very beautiful.那就是拥有非常漂亮 的房子的主人。1.“Underground” is the only word in the English language _ begins and ends with the letters “und”. A. what B. that C. who D. whom2. Steve Jobs is one of the persons _
28、founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era(时代). A. who B. whom C. which D. / Exercise考点考点7 7 不定代词不定代词 不指明不指明代替任何特定名词名词的代词叫做不定代词不定代词,兼有名词和形容词的功用,在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(一)普通不定代词 1. 初中阶段常见的普通不定代词 some, any few, little other, another many, much either, neither none, one each, every
29、 both, all2. 普通不定代词的用法(1)some 与 any如:I asked her for some money, but she didnt have any.If you have any question to ask, please come to my office.Will you have some tea? 相同点相同点均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定不确定的数量、数目 不不 同同 点点 some一般用于肯定句中,也可用于建议建议或请求请求的疑问疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定肯定的回答 any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定肯定句时
30、表示“任何任何(一个/一些)(2)both, either 与 neither 相同点相同点均用于两个人或物 不不 同同 点点 both指”两个都“。作主语时,谓语动词用复复数,其反义词为neither either指”两者中的任意一个“。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单单数neither指”两者中没有一个”(全否定)。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单单数1. - What do you think of these two books? - _ of them are interesting. And Ive read them several times. A. Both B. Neither C.
31、None D. Either2. - Can you come on Monday or Tuesday, Scott? - Im afraid_ is possible. Ill be on business on those two days. A. either B. neither C. every D. each Exercise(3)all, any和none 相同点相同点均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 不不 同同 点点 all指“三个或三个以上的人或物都都”。作主语时,谓语动词用复复数,其反义词为none any指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意任意一个”,只能作定语 none指“
32、三个或三个以上的人或物中没有没有一个”(全否定全否定),相当于not any1. - Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. - That is, it is larger than _ country in Asia. A. any B. all C. none D. other2. - You have tried on several more shirts. - Sorry to take up too much of your time. But _ of them look good on
33、me. A. neither B. any C. none D. both Exercise(4)much, many, little, few, a little与a few 含义 用法很多,许多一些;少数几个(肯定)很少;几乎没有(否定)修饰可数可数名词 many a few few修饰不可不可数数名词 much a little little1. Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have _ time to do exercise. A. few B. little C. a few D. a litt
34、le2. - Is your friend Michael still in Australia? - I dont know. I have _ information about him because we havent seen each other for _ years. A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little Exercise(5) the other, the others, another, others 与 other the other (特指特指) (1)指两者中的另
35、一个,常与one连用。 e.g. These are two kinds music in the world one is written down and the other is not. 世界上有两种音乐,一种是用笔记录下来的,而另一种 则不是。 One flower is red, the other is white. 一朵花是红的,另一朵是白的。 (2)指“除去前者后,剩余的全部”,后可加复数复数名词。 e.g. John did better than all the other players in the sport. 在那项运动中John 比所有别的运动员都出色。 the
36、 others (特指特指)一定一定范围内的其余的全部全部人或事物。 e.g. I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short. 我有三支铅笔,一支是长的,另外(两支)是短的。 Twenty of our classmates are boys, the others are girls. 我们班有20个男生,其余的是女生。 another (泛指泛指)表示“别的,另一”;也表示“再,又一个”。 (1) adj. 表泛指,后可加单数名词或或加数词+复数名词 e.g. another car 另一辆车 I need anot
37、her two weeks to finish the work. 我还需要两周才能完成这项工作。 (2) pron. 泛指单单数可数名词 e.g. I dont like this pen. Please show me another. 这支钢笔我不喜欢,请给我另外一支。 others (泛指泛指)指不确定不确定的其他的事或人(复数)。 e.g. We must think of others. 我们必须多为别人着想。注意: others 和 some 对比使用时,是“有些”的意思,而不做“其他”讲。 e.g. Some cleaned the windows, others swept
38、the floor. 有的擦窗户,有的擦地板。 other (泛指泛指)adj.表示“别的”,“另外的”只能与复数复数名词 连用,是没有明确范围的“另外的人或事物”。 e.g. This is a secret. Please dont tell other people. 这是个秘密,请不要告诉其他人。其他习惯用法: one another 互相彼此 the other day 前几天 every other day/week/year 每隔一天/周/年 1. Dont be afraid of making mistakes because it is simply _ way of le
39、arning . A. another B. the other C. other D. the others2. He has two sisters. One is a teacher, _ is a doctor. A. another B. other C. others D. the other Exercise(6) each与every【知识拓展】every day 意为“每天”,副词。 everyday是形容词,意为“每天的;日常的”,只能作定语。 each every用作形容词、代词,可单独单独使用 仅作定语定语,不不可单独使用 着重同类东西的个别性个别性(强调个体)表示“每
40、个,各自” 着重同类东西的共性共性(强调整体)表示(整体中 的)“每个”指两个两个或两个以上两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”指三个三个或三个以上三个以上的人或事物中的“每个” 后可加of短语 后不可加of短语 1. There are trees on each side of the street. 在河流的两旁都有树。在河流的两旁都有树。2. Every student passed the exam. 所有的学生都通过了考试。所有的学生都通过了考试。3. Each of us wears a red coat. 我们每人都穿着红外套。我们每人都穿着红外套。 例如:例如:(7)one one
41、用来代替前面出现的可数名词单数单数,以避免重复,可以指人,也可以指物;其复数形式为ones。例如:I have two brothers, and he has one. one和ones前有the, this, that, these或those等限定词时,表示特指特指某(些)人或物。例如:This one is better than the other one. 泛指泛指“人们”(包括“你”和“我”)时,所有格是ones, 反身代词oneself。 it, one和that做代词时的区别: 代词 用法 例句 it特指特指上下文提到的对象是同一同一事物The book is mine. I
42、ts very interesting. one 泛指泛指上下文提及的同类同类事物中的一个一个,同类而不同一A: Who has a pen?B: I have one. that常用于比较比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.1. - Do you have a camera, David? Mine is broken. - No, but my brother has _. A. it B. one C. that D. this2. The weather here in
43、summer is hotter than _ in my hometown. A. one B. it C. this D. that Exercise(二)复合不定代词复合不定代词1.初中阶段常见的复合不定代词somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one (没有人) everyone(每人)something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每一件事)2. 复合不定代词的用法 由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定肯
44、定句中,也可用于建议建议或请求请求的疑问句疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方肯定肯定的回答。 由any构成的复合不定代词通常用于否定句否定句和疑问句疑问句中。 复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语主语时,谓语动词一般用单数单数。 当形容词形容词或else(另外的)修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面后面。1. At present, children mean _ to most parents in China. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something2. - Jack, is there
45、_ in todays newspaper? - No, nothing. A. anything important B. something important C. important anything D. important something Exercise中考真题1. He thinks himself somebody, but we think him _. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody2. How was your trip in Chengdu? Not so good. I stayed there for
46、 two days, but it rained on _ of the days. A. none B. neither C. both D. all3. - Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? - Sure. I see it as a chance to prove _. A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you4. - To help Tommy learn better, his parents have done _ they could: cards, tapes
47、, special learning centers, in short, everything they can think of. A. both B. all C. none D. neither5. What a nice MP5! Whose is it? Its _. My father bought it for me. A. me B. him C. his D. mine6. I saw Tony at the party. But he didnt speak to me _ evening. Maybe he didnt see you. A. all B. every
48、C. either D. another7. Wow, so many new houses! I cant believe that. It used to be a poor village. Yes. _ has changed here. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything8. My pen is lost and I cant find it anywhere. So you will have to buy _. A. it B. few C. one D. any9. Have you bought _ for Lindas birthday? Not exactly. Just some flowers. A something unusual B. anything unusual C unusual something Dunusual anything10. - Which of the two magazines will you take? - Ill take _, though I find _ of them are very useful to me. A. all; both B. either; either C. either; neither D. either; both