段落写作Cause and Effect 因果法因果法 关于段落扩展引言引言结尾结尾正文正文1正文正文2 Example Topic:Science can do good to mankind, but it can do evil as well. 段落扩展 Science can do good to mankind, but it can do evil as well. sciencedo gooddo evilS-1G-1G-2G-nE-1E-2E-n 段落扩展 (1)Science can do good to mankind, but it can do evil as well. (2)When it is wisely used, it will bring benefit. (3)For example, atomic energy can help us generate electricity. (4)However, if it is wrongly used, its destructive power will be uncontrollable and terrible. (5)It can claim thousands and thousands of lives in a split second. 段落扩展主题句一级扩展一级扩展一级扩展二级扩展二级扩展二级扩展二级扩展二级扩展二级扩展衔接过渡衔接过渡 (1)Science can do good to mankind, but it can do evil as well. (2)When it is wisely used, it will bring benefit. (3)For example, atomic energy can help us generate electricity. (4)However, if it is wrongly used, its destructive power will be uncontrollable and terrible. (5)It can claim thousands and thousands of lives in a split second. science does good, does evil bring benefit destructive power … atomic energy claim lives … … … … 衔接过渡衔接过渡衔接过渡衔接过渡衔接过渡衔接过渡衔接过渡衔接过渡 因果法（Cause and Effect） 因果法经常用以阐述原因，回答“为什么”这类问题，分析事物发展的前因后果，也多见于说明文和论述文。
因果关系的普遍性决定了因果关系的复杂性，通常因果关系模式有一因一果、一因一因一果、一因多果、一果多因和多果多因多果、一果多因和多果多因等，而以因果方式扩展段落时通常可采用先因后果或先果后因的一因多果或一果多因模式，其中的多因或多果用通常以枚举方式列举例： Four patterns of cause-effect relationshipSingle-cause-single-effect patternSingle-cause-many-effects patternMany-causes-single-effect patternCausal chain pattern Effect oneCause Effect two Effect threeTree diagram of single-cause-many effects Outline 1: (side-by-side pattern)1. The cause: I went back to college after ten years of being a housewife.2. Negative effects: a. My husband feels worried; b. My children have less care from their mother than before; c. I do not have enough time to take care of the family.3. Positive effects: a. My husband is learning to look after his children; b. My children are learning to be more independent; c. I am learning a lot and becoming more intelligent. Outline 2: (point-by-point method)1.The cause: I went back to college after ten years of being a housewife.2. The effects on my husband: My husband feels worried, but he is learning to look after his children.3. The effects on my children Though my children have less care from their mother than before, they are learning to be more independent.4. The effects on myself I do not have enough time to take care of the family. However, I am learning a lot and becoming more intelligent. Cause oneEffect Cause two Cause threeTree diagram of many-causes-single-effect Effect: Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.Causes: 1) The cost of cigarettes is high. 2) The hidden cost of clean-up of clothing stuffs, furniture and carpet is high. Tree diagram of causal chain: ( cause 1) ( effect 1) = ( cause 2 ) (effect 2) = (cause 3) effect 3 Examples:This surge of demand for oil will soon begin to send shock waves through America’s economy and transportation system.There are many reasons why languages change, but three major causes help illustrate the concept.(Thirty-six per cent of the freshmen entering a large New York university are dismissed during or at the end of the first year.) Studies indicate that this alarming rate of failure is due to a variety of causes, some of which are beyond the control of the student. (1) There are three reasons why some students can not finish their college studies. (2) Some students fail in college because their academic background is weak. (3)For example, one student might not have had an adequate mathematics course in high school, so he fails his university mathematics class. (4)Next, because of financial problems, other students may fail university classes. (5)According to an article in China Daily, about 9% of the students who have to take jobs don't have as much time to study, as a result of which, they may fail their classes. (6)Finally, some students are not interested in college so they spend their time doing other things. (7)Consequently, they fail. (8)Because of the weak academic background, financial problems and loss of interest in study, numerous students fail in college every year. 1 动词： 引述原因的有：to result from; to be the result of; to be due to; to be a consequence of…引述结果的有：to lead to; to contribute to; to result in; to be the cause of, cause…2 常用有介词和介词短语有：because of, owing to, on account of.3 常用来表示原因的连词有：because, as, since, for, in that, now that, seeing that, considering that,4 常用来表示结果的语言素材有：so that, so…that, such…that,therefore, as a result, consequently, accordingly, thus 等。
Writing Task 1the popularity of online shoppingThe paragraph is about 100 words.You can focus on either causes or effects. Writing Task 2Fight Against Gun Crimes 。