《it用法--张菊梅》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《it用法--张菊梅（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、GrammarTheusageof“it”Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老,学到老。Itisnousecryingoverspilt(溢出的)milk.覆水难收。Ittakesthreegenerations(代)tomakeagentleman.十年树木,百年树人。Proverbs(谚语谚语)with“It”Theuseof“it”一、一、作代词的用法（包括人称代词和非人称作代词的用法（包括人称代词和非人称代词）代词）二、二、作形式主语或作形式宾语作形式主语或作形式宾语四、用在强调句中（后两种结构考查的次数四、用在强调句中（后两种结构考查的次数最多）最多） 三、用在固定搭
2、配中三、用在固定搭配中Xianisabeautifulcity,isntit?Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.Whosewatchisthat?Itsmine.Whoisknockingatthedoor?Itsme.一、一、.it.it作人称代词作人称代词I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. Her facelighted when she saw who it was. 非人称代词-So you are going to be
3、 married this time? When is it？ It doesnt matter. It is a shame, isntit?How is it going?(情况怎样）情况怎样）Its your turn to be on duty.It is half past eight now.Itsonlyhalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool.Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.Ithasrainedmuchthisyear.Itsspringnow.Itsquiethere.-Whatsthecostofthediction
4、ary?-Itissixty-three.it, one和和that的用法区别是高考考查的用法区别是高考考查热点。热点。I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for it. I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中（该句中one可以换成可以换成a chair）The wate
5、r in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中（该句中that可以换成可以换成 the water）n nI like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数代替可数名词单数名词单数pen）n nThere were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数代替可数名词复数people）n nMarys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名
6、词代替不可数名词 handwriting）n nThese pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数代替可数名词复数 pictures）n nThe one That on the table is mine. n nHe is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. n nHe advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones those that had the best color. n n
7、He has saved my life; Ill never forget it/that. n nTom is painting his house. I am told he does it/that every four years. 1. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. 2. I havent a pen. Can you lend me_?3. Of all my old friends, the only _ I saw much was Bett
8、y.4Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious than _ mobile phones do.5. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _didnt help. the onesthe onesoneoneoneonethosethoseititn n8.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always tr
9、easure.n n9.Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet.n n10.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.n n11.We need a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had.oneoneoneonethat that oneone替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词, 而
10、把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。二、二、it用作形式主语用作形式主语1.代替动词不定式做主语代替动词不定式做主语1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,necessary,important,possible,dangerous,right,wrong,legal,useful,2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:kind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,careful,careless,foolish,stup
11、id,clever,wise,crazy,politeItisillegaltodriveacarwithoutalicense.Youdontknowhoweasyitistobecomeaddictedtodrugs.Isitconvenientforyoutocometomorrowevening?Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.Itisofgreathelptomasteraforeignlanguage.Itismyduty/jobtoteachyou.(还有一些可以用名词还有一些可以用名词的情况的情况)Its(well)worthoneswhi
12、ledoing/todoItisworthmywhiletoexplorethecity.Its(well)worthwhiledoing/todoItisworthwhiletoexplorethecity.Itsnogood/use/pleasuredoingItisnousestudyingonlyatschool.2.代替动名词做主语代替动名词做主语3.代替主语从句作形式主语代替主语从句作形式主语Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain)that.（注意没有itissurethat）该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为
13、“清楚(显然,真的)”,是主语从句最常见的一种结构。e.g.Itisveryclearthathestall.Itisadj.+clauseItissaid(reported/believed/proved.)that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句;该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉)”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.HeissaidtohavecometoBeijing.Itissuggested(requested/advised/.)that.(should)+doItisadvisedthatheshouldcomerigh
14、tnow.Itisv-edthat下列句子与前面的句子有些不同：下列句子与前面的句子有些不同：itturnedoutthat最后结果是ItturnedoutthatIwaswrong.Itseemsthathedoesntknowanythingaboutit.Itoccurredtomethatshemighthaveforgottenthedate.Ithasnothingtodowithmewhetheryousucceedornot.Ittookmethreehourstogethomelastnight.Itis+noun+从句Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/ago
15、odthing/afact/asurprise/.)that.该句型中,如果名词为apity/ashamethat后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。如：Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾！Itisapitythatyoucantcome.你不能来，真是遗憾！五、五、it作形式宾语作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语, 放在宾语补足语
16、之前。该句型中的it 作形式宾语, 常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。 Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.参考： Itisnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.参考： ItwasveryinterestingtostudyEnglishHemadeitclearthathewasnotintothecar.参考： Itwasclearthathewasnotintothecar.Manynewreserveshavebeenbuilt,_(
17、这使这些猴子可能)tosurvive.whichmakesitpossibleforthemonkeysWefeel_(我们的职责)tomakeourcountryabetterplace.参考itisourdutytomake常用的一个结构makeitarulethatHemakesitarulethathegoesforajogeverymorning.使成为规矩/定下规矩itourdutyit作形式宾语的特殊句型作形式宾语的特殊句型动词+it+when动词有喜欢类：enjoy,like,prefer讨厌类：hate,dislikeIlikeitwhenmymotherishappy.Ih
18、ateitwhenmyfatherpullsalongface.Iwouldappreciateitif如果我将不胜感激rely/dependonitthat相信(事情)；指望takeitforgrantedthat认为是当然的注意：keep/bearinmindthat记住此短语中不用it代替that引导的宾语从句Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldturnthemusicdown.Hetookitforgrantedthathewouldpasstheexam.Dontdepend/relyonitthathewillarriveontime.Youshouldbear
19、inmindthattheseexamsaffectyourfinalresults.六、用于强调句型中六、用于强调句型中It+is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who(aperson)从句从句ImetTomintheparkyesterday.1)ItwasIwhometTomintheparkyesterday.2)ItwasTomwhoImetintheparkyesterday.3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit+被强调成
20、分+that/who+句子的其他成分Wasitonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?强调句的特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+is/wasitthat/who+句子的其他成分Whatisitthatmakesyousoexcited?WherewasitthatyougottoknowLinda?Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到才”,可以说是not.until.的强调形式。如:Itwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassestha
21、tIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.几个需要注意的句式itis/was+时间+when从句在这一句型中，it指时间，when引导的是定语从句ItwasmidnightwhenIgothereyesterday.比较:ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.(强调句式)
22、Itwasfiveoclock_Igothome. whenitis+时间+since从句自从以来已有（时间）ItisalongtimesinceImetyoulast.ItstwentyyearssinceIveseenher.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.比较:ItwastwoyearsagothatlbegantolearnEnglish.(强调句式)itwasnotlongbefore(take可以代替be)这个句型可以有以下几个句式：itwasntlongbefore不久以后会itwontbelongbefore不久就会i
23、twas(not)twoyears/daysbefore两年/天后(不到两年/天)就itwill(not)betwoyears/daysbefore两年/天后才会(用不了两年/天就会)Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Itdidnttakelongbeforethewoodenbuildingwasswallowedbythefire.it/thisis/willbethefirsttime(that)+havedoneit/thiswasthefirsttime(that)+haddoneThisisthefourthtimeshehasrung
24、youinaweek.Itwasthesecondtimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.ItwillbethefirsttimethatIhaventbeenabroad.七七、it常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配1.makeit做到了，成功1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功做到、说定、赶上、及时到达如:Itshardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.2)在口语中相当于fixthedatefor,表示“约定好时间”如:Shallwemeetnextweek?OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeiteasy相
25、当于Dontworryordonthurry.用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,沉住气”Takeiteasy！Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中,相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?It/Thatalldepends.4.Itsuptosb.在口语中,相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示“由决定,由负责,取决于”Shallwegooutfordinner？Itsuptoyou.5.Igetit.我懂了，我明
26、白了Idontgetit-whywouldshedoathinglikethat?6.assb.putsit正如某人所说AsYufangputsit,“Wearenotmakingthatmuchmoneyyet,”6.notifIcanhelpit能不做就不做-WillyouattendclassonSaturdayevening?-IwillnotattendclassifIcanhelpit.7.itcant/couldntbehelped.实在没办法,无法避免Itsgoingtomakeaterriblenoise,butnevermind.Itcantbehelped.8.asitt
27、urnedout正如后来所表明的,果不其然Ididntneedmyumbrella,asitturnedout.9.whenitcomestodoingsth.当谈论到Thereisnopointingettingangry.Thereisnosenseinworryingabouthim.Thereisnoneedforhimtogetupearly.Thereseemstobenopossibilitythathewillwinthegame.Thereisnodoubtthathewillpasstheexam.therebe(occur,happen,exist,come,follow
28、)高考链接高考链接1.Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.2._isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.itIt3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.4.Idappreciate_ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.itit5.Itwasnotuntilhec
29、amebackfromAfricathatyear_hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.6.ItwasalongtheMissippiRiver_MarkTwainspentmuchofhidchildhood.that that Exercises:1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.2.Inwhichplayisit_yourbrotherwillappear?3.Itsbelieved_theharderyouwork,thebetterresultyoullget.itthatthat4.Does_mattera
30、lotwhethershewillcomeherebybusorbytaxi?5.-Listen!Someoneisunlockingthegoods.-_mustbeyourfathercomingbackfromBeijing.itIt6.-Haveyouwrittenalettertoher?-No,butImgoingtowrite_tonight.one7.Theteachertoldthestudentswhy_wasimportanttolearnEnglish.8.TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan_inJapan.itthose9.Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan_usedtobe.10._isfouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.theyIt
