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1、Unit 1 Women of achievementSubject verb agreement主 谓 一 致 性主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语在人称人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致三、就近原则一、语法一致一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：I often helphim and heoften helpsme.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。Weoften helpeach other.我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词
2、用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。二、意义一致二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The crowd weresurrounding the government official.人群包围了这位政府官员。Maths ishard to learn.数学难学。三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。There is a penand two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或2. 代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两
3、种3. 情况：1). and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：He and I areboth students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。Time and tide waitfor no man. 岁月不饶人。2). 如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。例如：A).表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and orderB).配套事物：a watch and chain a
4、needle and threadThe knife and fork ison the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。2.主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：The teacher , together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。3.如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不
5、定式，动词-ing形式或主形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What he is doingseems very important.他正在做什么看起来很重要。他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。为人民服务是我最大的幸福。4. 用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each,every 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl in theclass is diligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。5. each of + 复数代词
6、, 谓语动用单数。复数代词+ each , 谓语动词用单数。如：Each of us hassomething to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。6. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none 等等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。?All the apples arerotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。?All the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。?None of us are /isperfect. 人无完人。?None of t
7、he money isleft. 一点钱也没剩下。7. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。Nothing isfound in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。8. 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；而形复义单的名词如news; 以-ics 结尾的学科名称如physics, politics,国名如the United States; 报纸名如the New Times; 书名如Great Expectations
8、 (远大前程)；以及the United Nations 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：?The scissors aresharp.?No news isgood news.?Great Expectations waswritten byCharles Dickens in 1860.9. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground 等。?His family is going out.他们全家要外出。?
9、His family are all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。10. 有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：?Not every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。?Not all means areuseful.并非所有的方法都有效。11. 表示一类人的 “the +形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。?The sickin the accidenthavebeen taken to
10、the hospital.?The lost havebeen found.12. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：?Thirty years is not a long time.30年的时间并不长。?Two hours isenough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。13.the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of以
11、及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。如：A part of the students havearrived.部分学生已到了。A part of the apple hasbeen eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。14. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。There is a pen , two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils , a pen and sever
12、al books on the desk.=There are several books , a pen and two pencils on the desk.15. 由here, there 等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：?Here comes the bus .?Here is a penand two books for you.16. 用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：?Neither you norI am wrong.Neith
13、er I nor you arewrong.?Not only the students but also the teacher enjoyslistening to themusic.Not only the teacher but also the students enjoylistening to the music.Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army
14、 advances,” the company commander said.A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. has4. Zhangs family _ rather big, withtwelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
15、6. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were7. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided8. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have
16、 offered1. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.（2005年 山东卷）A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed2. Nowadays, a large number ofwomen, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.（2005年 辽宁卷）Ais working BworksCworkDworked3. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006年 江苏卷）A. isB. areC. wasD. were4. A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. (2007 年 江西卷)A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
