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1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致的测试热点 主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则:主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则:主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则:主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则:1 1 1 1、 语法一致的原则:语法一致的原则:语法一致的原则:语法一致的原则: 语语法法一一致致的的原原则则是是指指主主语语为为单单数数或或复复数数时时,其其谓谓语语动动词词要要与与其其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况;相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况;1)以以along with
2、, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 连连接接的的两两个个主主语语,其其谓谓语语的的单单复复数数以以第第一一个个主语为主。例如:主语为主。例如: Several passengers, together with the driver, werewere hurt.2)表表示示时时间间,重重量量,长长度度,价价格格等等的的复复数数名名词词,作作主主语语从从整整体体来来看时,谓语动词用单数。例如:看时,谓语动词用单数。例如: Fifty years is is not a long
3、time.3) 非谓语动词,从句或其他短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。非谓语动词,从句或其他短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:例如: Early to bed and early to rise is is healthful.4)如如果果主主语语是是由由and连连接接的的两两个个单单数数名名词词,但但前前面面有有each, every, no 等词修饰时,谓语用单数。例如:等词修饰时,谓语用单数。例如: Every boy and girl in this region is is taught to read and write.2 2 2 2、 意义一致的原则:意义一致的原则:意义一
4、致的原则:意义一致的原则: 意意义义一一致致的的原原则则指指谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数取取决决于于主主语语所所表表达达的的概概念念,而而不不取取决决于于表表面面的的语语法法标标志志,主主要要表表现现为为某某些些集集体体名名词词后后可可跟跟动动词词单单数数或或复复数数。如如果果这这些些集集体体名名词词指指整整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;指具体成员时用复数。例如:体概念时,谓语动词用单数;指具体成员时用复数。例如: The population of the earth The population of the earth is isis is increasing very fast. i
5、ncreasing very fast. 类似这样的集体名词有:类似这样的集体名词有: family, family, class, class, audience, audience, committee committee (委委员员会会), , crowd, crowd, crew, crew, group, group, party, party, population, population, team, team, public, council public, council (理事会)理事会), , villagevillage等。等。3 3 3 3、 就近原则:就近原则:就近
6、原则:就近原则: 所所谓谓就就近近原原则则是是指指谓谓语语动动词词单单复复数数取取决决于于离离它它最最近近的的词语,而无须考虑其他的词。词语,而无须考虑其他的词。1 1) 以以eitheror, eitheror, or, or, neithernorneithernor和和not not onlybut onlybut alsoalso连连接接的的两两个个主主语语,其其谓谓语语的的单单复复数数形形式式应应与与离离谓谓语语最最近的主语保持一致。例如:近的主语保持一致。例如: Either you or he has to go there with me. Either you or he h
7、as to go there with me. 2 2) 由由therethere或或herehere引引起起的的主主语语,而而又又不不止止是是一一个个时时,采采取就近原则。例如:取就近原则。例如: Here Here is is a a pen, pen, a a few few envelopes envelopes and and some some paper paper for you.for you.主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致的测试热点1由由manya或或morethan+单数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数单数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式。形式。M
8、anyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition.Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition.2“的几分之几的几分之几”和和“的百分之几的百分之几”作主语时,其谓语作主语时,其谓语用单数或复数取决于用单数或复数取决于of后的名词。后的名词。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceofthee
9、arthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.3“anumberof+名词复数名词复数”作主语,谓语用复数;作主语,谓语用复数;“thenumberof+名词复数名词复数”作主语,谓语用单数。作主语,谓语用单数。Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis55.Thenumbe
10、rofthestudentsinourclassis55.4并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时单数,这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。后面的名词前没有冠词。ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.factoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.5成对的名词,如成对的名词,如breadandbutt
11、er涂黄油的面包,涂黄油的面包,sodaandwater汽水,汽水,coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡,加牛奶的咖啡,aimandend目的,目的,saltandwater盐开水等,虽然有盐开水等,虽然有and连接,但仍表单一概念,作连接,但仍表单一概念,作主语时,谓语用单数。主语时,谓语用单数。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.6由由and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each,every或或no修修饰时,其谓语用单数形式。饰时,其谓语用单数形式。Nostudentandnoteacher
12、isinvitedtotheparty.Nostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty.InourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveInourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.education.7主语是单数,其后跟有主语是单数,其后跟有togetherwith,alongwith(与与一道一道),aswellas(和;也和;也),nolessthan(和和一样一样),ratherthan(而不而不),以及,以及with,not,li
13、ke,but,except,besides,including等引起的短语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。等引起的短语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。HeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember.HeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember.8在定语从句中主语是关系代词在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。应与先行词的数一致。I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueveryth
14、ingIknow.9主语是一些只有复数形式的名词,如主语是一些只有复数形式的名词,如clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等时,谓等时,谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时,谓修饰时,谓语用单数。语用单数。Mytrousersarebeingwashednow.Mytrousersarebeingwashednow.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.10表示度量、价格
15、、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。个整体,谓语用单数形式。Tendollarsisnotenough.Tendollarsisnotenough.Threemonthshaspassedsinceheleft.Threemonthshaspassedsinceheleft.11主语是以主语是以-ics结尾的学科名词以及结尾的学科名词以及news,works(工厂工厂)等都属等都属形式复数,而意义单数的名词,其谓语用单数形式。另外形式复数,而意义单数的名词,其谓语用单数形式。另外means一一词单复数同形应视具体
16、情况而定。词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn.Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn.Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.注:学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时,谓语常用复数。注:学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时,谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweek.Mymathematicsareweek.12主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一主
17、语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一般用单数形式。般用单数形式。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.13主语是主语是family,team,group,crowd,class,committee等集合等集合名词时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式,如指的是全体名词时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式,如指的是全体人员时,谓语用复数。人员时,谓语用复数。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.14“on
18、eof+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”之前有之前有theonly,thevery,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.15主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可等既可表示复数意义又可表示单
19、数意义,其谓语视情况而定。表示单数意义,其谓语视情况而定。HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.Halfofthefruitisbad.16主语是表示数量的主语是表示数量的“oneandahalf+复数名词复数名词”,其谓语用,其谓语用单数形式。主语是单数形式。主语是“oneortwo+复数名词复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式。,其谓语用复数形式。Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthe
20、table.ThereareoneortwothingsIdliketoknowabout.ThereareoneortwothingsIdliketoknowabout.17the+形容词或分词作主语时,如指一类人。其谓语用复数,形容词或分词作主语时,如指一类人。其谓语用复数,如指抽象概念,其谓语用单数。如:如指抽象概念,其谓语用单数。如:Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.18由由notonlybutalso,nei
21、thernor,eitheror,notbut以及以及or连接的并列主语,谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持连接的并列主语,谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。一致。NotonlyyourfathersfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikesNotonlyyourfathersfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking.smoking.19在倒装句中以及在在倒装句中以及在Therebe结构中,如主语是并列的,谓结构中,如主语是并列的,谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。Wherei
22、syourmotherandyoungersister?Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister?Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk.Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk.20主语主语people作作“人们,人民人们,人民”解时,谓语动词用复数,作解时,谓语动词用复数,作“民族民族”解时,有单复数之分。解时,有单复数之分。Ourpeopleisagreatone.Ourpeopleisagreatone.Thereare56peoplesinChina.Therear
23、e56peoplesinChina.21主语是主语是a/this/thatkindof+名词,谓语用单数形式,主语指名词,谓语用单数形式,主语指的不是一种而是多种,谓语动词用复数。的不是一种而是多种,谓语动词用复数。Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Therearedifferentkindsofanimals.Therearedifferentkindsofanimals.22主语是主语是“eachof”,“neitherof”,“eitherof”,“oneof”等时,其谓语用单数。等时,其谓语用单数。Eachofthemh
24、ashisownduty.Eachofthemhashisownduty.23陈述部分用陈述部分用everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,noone或或no+复数名词等作主语时,复数名词等作主语时,反意部分用反意部分用they。而陈述部分用而陈述部分用everything,something,nothing,anything时,反意部分代词则采用单数,用时,反意部分代词则采用单数,用it。Somebodyiswaitingforyou,arenthey?Somebodyiswaitingforyou,arenthey?
25、Everythingisallright,isntit?Everythingisallright,isntit?24动名词或动词不定式作主语,其谓语用单数形式。动名词或动词不定式作主语,其谓语用单数形式。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedyet.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedyet.25用引号的词语作主语时,谓语用单数第三人称。用引号的词语作主语时,谓语用单数第三人称。“I”istheninthletteroftheEnglishAlphabet.I”istheninthletter
26、oftheEnglishAlphabet.26在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语,则在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语,则who或或that后面的后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。ItisMikewhoalwayshelpsmestudymathsafterclass.ItisMikewhoalwayshelpsmestudymathsafterclass.27wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,如表示与现在事实相反,无论后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,如表示与现在事实相反,无论主语是单数还是复数,主语是单数还是复数,be动词用动词用were。IwishIwereten
27、yearsyounger.IwishIweretenyearsyounger.28police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语用复数。等集合名词作主语时,谓语用复数。Themurdererhasrunaway.ThepolicearesearchingforThemurdererhasrunaway.Thepolicearesearchingforhim.him.29算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数,其谓语常用单数形式,算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数,其谓语常用单数形式,也可用复数。也可用复数。Fivetimesfouristwenty.Fivetimesfouristwenty.30youth作作“青年们青年们”解作主语时,谓语用复数。解作主语时,谓语用复数。TheyouthofChinatodayaredoingtheirbesttostudyTheyouthofChinatodayaredoingtheirbesttostudymodernscienceandtechnology.modernscienceandtechnology.Good-bye!Good-bye!