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1、十二、特殊句式及结构十二、特殊句式及结构语法专项语法专项跟踪训练跟踪训练语法专项语法专项精讲精讲 细筛选细筛选巧拓展巧拓展考点一倒装考点一倒装( (一一) )完全倒装完全倒装1.1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装。常见的表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装。常见的 有有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now,in :there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now,in the room,on the
2、wall the room,on the wall 等。等。 Here comes the bus. Here comes the bus.车来了。车来了。 In rushed the angry man. In rushed the angry man. 那个生气的男人冲了进来。那个生气的男人冲了进来。Now is your turn.Now is your turn.现在轮到你了。现在轮到你了。In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden.In front of the school gate is a big beautifu
3、l garden.学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。特别提示特别提示 主语为代词时不倒装。主语为代词时不倒装。Out they rushed.Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。他们冲了出去。2.2.表语表语+ +连系动词连系动词+ +主语主语( (表语是形容词、介词短语、动词表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing-ing形式、过去分形式、过去分 词等词等) ) P Pr re es se en nt t a at t t th he e m me ee et ti in ng g w we er re e P Pr ro of fe es ss so or r
4、W Wh hi it te e, ,P Pr ro of fe es ss so or r S Sm mi it th h and many other guests. and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授, ,还有许多其他客人。还有许多其他客人。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实这些就是事实, ,没有人可以否认。没有人可以否认。( (二二) )部分倒装部分倒装1.1.“on
5、ly+only+状语状语( (副词、介词短语或状语从句副词、介词短语或状语从句) )”置于句首时置于句首时, ,句子或者主句要句子或者主句要 用部分倒装。用部分倒装。 Only then did he realize that he had lost his way. Only then did he realize that he had lost his way. 直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. Only when he returned did we find
6、out the truth. 唯有他回来唯有他回来, ,我们才能弄明白事实。我们才能弄明白事实。2 2. .具具有有否否定定意意义义的的副副词词或或短短语语如如n no ot t, ,n no or r, ,n ne ei it th he er r, ,n ne ev ve er r, ,s se el ld do om m, ,r ra ar re el ly y, , h ha ar rd dl ly y, ,l li it tt tl le e, ,b by y n no o m me ea an ns s, ,a at t n no o t ti im me e, ,i in n n
7、 no o w wa ay y, ,u un nd de er r n no o circumstances circumstances等位于句首时等位于句首时, ,句子用部分倒装。句子用部分倒装。 Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent. Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent. 他以前难得见过如此有天赋的孩子。他以前难得见过如此有天赋的孩子。 By no means shall we give up. By no means shall we give up.我们绝不会放弃。我们绝不
8、会放弃。3.3.在以下几个固定句式结构中在以下几个固定句式结构中, ,句子使用部分倒装。句子使用部分倒装。 (1)so+be/ (1)so+be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语 They love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities. They love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友他们喜欢拥有许多朋友, ,残疾人也是如此。残疾人也是如此。特别提示特别提示 soso表示表示“是的是的, ,确实确实”, ,重复
9、上文重复上文, ,表示赞同对方的观点时表示赞同对方的观点时, ,主主谓语不倒装。谓语不倒装。It is too hot.It is too hot.天太热了。天太热了。So it is.So it is.是啊是啊, ,的确很热。的确很热。(2)neither/nor+be/(2)neither/nor+be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语 I don I dont know who he is,nor do I want to know.t know who he is,nor do I want to know. 我不知道他是谁我不知道他是谁, ,我也不想知道。我也不想知道
10、。(3)(3)在在such/so.that .such/so.that .结构中结构中, ,“so/such+so/such+被修饰词被修饰词”位于句首时位于句首时, ,主句用部主句用部 分倒装。分倒装。 So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. 他跑得很快他跑得很快, ,远远领先于其他人。远远领先于其他人。(4)neither.nor.(4)neither.nor.结构位于两个分句的句首时结构位于两个分句的句首时, ,用部分倒装
11、。用部分倒装。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事我不知道这件事, ,我也不在乎。我也不在乎。(5)(5)在在not only .but (also).not only .but (also).结构中结构中,not only,not only位于句首时位于句首时, ,第一个分句用第一个分句用 部分倒装。部分倒装。 Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course. Not on
12、ly do I like painting,but I (also) take a course.我不但喜欢我不但喜欢 画画画画, ,而且还上了绘画课。而且还上了绘画课。特别提示特别提示 此结构连接主语时不倒装。此结构连接主语时不倒装。Not only he but also his parents are sick.Not only he but also his parents are sick.不但他而且他父母也病了。不但他而且他父母也病了。(6)not until .(6)not until .位于句首时位于句首时, ,句子或主句用部分倒装。句子或主句用部分倒装。 N No ot t
13、u un nt ti il l m my y s so on n h ha ad d e en nt te er re ed d t th he e u un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y d di id d h he e r re ea al li iz ze e t th he e importance of time. importance of time. 直到我儿子上了大学他才知道时间的重要性。直到我儿子上了大学他才知道时间的重要性。( (7 7) )在在h ha ar rd dl ly y. . . .w wh he en n. . . ./ /n no o
14、s so oo on ne er r. . . .t th ha an n. . . .结结构构中中, ,h ha ar rd dl ly y/ /n no o s so oo on ne er r位位 于句首时于句首时, ,主句用部分倒装。主句用部分倒装。 H Ha ar rd dl ly y h ha ad d s sh he e s sa at t d do ow wn n w wh he en n s sh he e h he ea ar rd d s so om me eo on ne e k kn no oc ck ki in ng g a at t t th he e door.
15、 door. 她一坐下就听到有人敲门。她一坐下就听到有人敲门。 No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain. No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain. 她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。特别提示特别提示 这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。(8)as/though(8)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首引导的让步状语从句可以
16、将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首 构成部分倒装。构成部分倒装。 Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud. Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮尽管她很漂亮, ,但她一点也不自负。但她一点也不自负。 Try as he would,he might fail again. Try as he would,he might fail again. 尽管他还会尝试尽管他还会尝试, ,但可能还会失败。但可能还会失败。特别提示特别提示 单数可数名词表语提前时单数可数名词表语提前时, ,省略其前的不定冠
17、词。省略其前的不定冠词。Child as he is,he knows a lot.Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子虽然他还是个孩子, ,但他懂得很多。但他懂得很多。(9)(9)虚拟条件句若有虚拟条件句若有had,were,shouldhad,were,should时时, ,可省略可省略if,if,从句用部分倒装。从句用部分倒装。 Were I you,I would take his advice. Were I you,I would take his advice. 如果我是你如果我是你, ,我会接受他的建议。我会接受他的建议。 Should
18、it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨如果明天下雨, ,运动会将会推迟。运动会将会推迟。考点二省略考点二省略 1.1.状语从句的省略状语从句的省略 (1) (1)在在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though, when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,tho
19、ugh, as as等引导的状语从句中等引导的状语从句中, ,若谓语部分含有若谓语部分含有bebe动词动词, ,而从句的主语又与主句而从句的主语又与主句 的主语一致或从句的主语是的主语一致或从句的主语是it it 时时, ,从句的主语和从句的主语和bebe动词常被省略。动词常被省略。 While (we were) walking,we met our old friend Jack. While (we were) walking,we met our old friend Jack. 我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。(2)if so,if any,if possib
20、le,if necessary,if not (2)if so,if any,if possible,if necessary,if not 已看作固定搭配。已看作固定搭配。 If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you. If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you. 如果有必要如果有必要, ,找王先生帮你。找王先生帮你。 Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected. Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected
21、. 如果有什么错误如果有什么错误, ,就应该改正。就应该改正。2.2.不定式的省略不定式的省略 (1) (1)在一定的上下文中在一定的上下文中, ,为了避免重复为了避免重复, ,有时不定式可以省略有时不定式可以省略, ,但通常保留不定但通常保留不定 式符号式符号toto。 I shall go if I want to. I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。如果我想去就去。 (2) (2)若被省略的不定式结构中含有若被省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,have been,be,have,have been,通常应保留这些词。通常应保留这些词。 He hasnH
22、e hasnt finished yet.t finished yet. Well,he ought to have.Well,he ought to have. 他还没完成。他还没完成。 哦哦, ,他该完成了。他该完成了。考点三强调句型考点三强调句型1.1.强调句的基本句型是强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+It is/was+被强调的部分被强调的部分+that/who+that/who+其他部分其他部分”。 被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。 It is only children who will make such stupid mist
23、akes. It is only children who will make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。2.2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/wasis/was提前提前, ,特殊疑问句的结构是特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词疑问词 +is/was+it+that+ +is/was+it+that+其他部分其他部分”。 Was it in this market that you bought the TV? Was it in this market that you bought the T
24、V? 你是在这个市场买的电视吗你是在这个市场买的电视吗? ? Where was it that he got the information? Where was it that he got the information? 他是从哪里弄到这个信息的他是从哪里弄到这个信息的? ?特别提示特别提示 强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词, ,用用“助动词助动词do,doesdo,does或或did+did+动词原形动词原形”, ,意为意为“的确的确; ;真的真的; ;务必务必”。Do sit down.Do sit down.务必请坐。务
25、必请坐。He did say that he would help me.He did say that he would help me.他的确说过他会帮我的。他的确说过他会帮我的。考点四考点四there bethere be结构结构1.there be1.there be结构的谓语形式结构的谓语形式 t th he er re e b be e结结构构中中的的谓谓语语动动词词b be e有有时时可可用用s se ee em m t to o b be e, ,h ha ap pp pe en n t to o b be e, ,b be e likely to be likely to b
26、e 或或remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur 等替换。等替换。 There seems to be something wrong with the machine. There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 机器好像出了点问题。机器好像出了点问题。 There is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow. There is li
27、kely to be an important meeting tomorrow. 明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。 Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前从前, ,那座那座 庙里住着一个老和尚。庙里住着一个老和尚。2.there be2.there be结构的非谓语形式结构的非谓语形式 What is the chance of there being an election t
28、his year? What is the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大今年举行选举的可能性有多大? ? (there be (there be的动词的动词-ing-ing形式作介词形式作介词 ofof的宾语的宾语) ) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。 (t
29、here be (there be的动词不定式结构作动词的动词不定式结构作动词expectexpect的复合宾语的复合宾语) )考点五感叹句考点五感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。1.what 1.what 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 What+a/an+adj.+ What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数可数名词单数+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语! ! What+adj.+ What+adj.+可数名词复数可数名词复数/ /不可数名词不可数名词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语! ! What a strange plant!I What a st
30、range plant!Ive never seen it before.ve never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪这种植物真奇怪! !我以前从未见过。我以前从未见过。 What lovely children they are! What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊他们是多么可爱的孩子啊! !2.how 2.how 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 How+adj.+a/an+ How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语! ! How+adj./adv.+ How+adj./adv.+主语主语
31、+ +谓语谓语! ! How+ How+主语主语+ +谓语谓语! ! How interesting a story it is! How interesting a story it is! =What an interesting story it is! =What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊这是多么有趣的一个故事啊! ! How time flies! How time flies! 时间过得真快啊时间过得真快啊! !真题链接真题链接1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of o
32、ur house 1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house . . we saw Lily in the passenger seat.( we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(20182018天津天津) )2.In any unsafe situation, simply 2.In any unsafe situation, simply (press) the button and a (press) the button and a highly-trained agent wil
33、l get you the help you need.( highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(20182018北京北京) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.that1.that考查强调句。句意考查强调句。句意: :只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句, ,强调句型结构为强调句型结构为:It is/was + :It is/was + 被强调部分被强调部分( (通常是主语、宾语或状语通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/wh
34、o()+ that/who(当强调主语且主语指人当强调主语且主语指人)+ )+ 其他部分。其他部分。2.press2.press祈使句祈使句+and/or+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时系时, ,用用and;and;前后意思为相反关系时前后意思为相反关系时, ,用用oror。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。来时态。跟踪训练跟踪训练运用运用 重实效重实效冲高考冲高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.So buried 1.So buried (be) she in doing her h
35、omework that she didn(be) she in doing her homework that she didnt t notice it got dark outside. notice it got dark outside.2.Not until recently 2.Not until recently they encourage the development of they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. tourist-related act
36、ivities in the rural areas.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.was1.was考查倒装句。句意考查倒装句。句意: :她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。在天已经黑了。在so. that. so. that. 句型中句型中, ,将将soso置于句首时置于句首时, ,后面的主谓语需部分倒后面的主谓语需部分倒装装; ;根据题干中根据题干中didndidnt t 可知设空处需用一般过去时可知设空处需用一般过去时, ,故答案为故答案为waswas。2.did2.did考查部分倒装。当考查部分倒装。当not unti
37、lnot until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候, ,主句要主句要部分倒装。句意部分倒装。句意: :直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。3.Always 3.Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. company running smoothly.4.Only when L
38、ily walked into the office 4.Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she realize that she had left the contract at home. she had left the contract at home.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.keep3.keep考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子, ,而而thatthat引导的是宾语从句引导的是宾语从句, ,因此因此只能是祈使句。只能是祈使句。4.did4.did句意句意: :只有当莉莉走进办
39、公室的时候只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候, ,她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查本题考查onlyonly位于句首位于句首, ,引导时间状语从句时引导时间状语从句时, ,主句要部分倒装。主句要部分倒装。5.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, 5.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ever,ever, reaching 30 in summer. reaching 30 in summer.6.Child
40、ren, when 6.Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. enter the stadium.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :5.if5.if考查省略句。句意考查省略句。句意: :这里夏天的气候宜人这里夏天的气候宜人, ,如果气温曾经超过如果气温曾经超过3030度度, ,那也很少会这那也很少会这样的。本句中的样的。本句中的if everif ever相当于相当于if the tempera
41、ture has ever reached 30if the temperature has ever reached 30。6.accompanied6.accompanied考查状语从句的省略。本题考查的是状语从句的省略考查状语从句的省略。本题考查的是状语从句的省略: :当状语从句的主当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且含有语和主句主语一致且含有bebe动词的时候动词的时候, ,可以把状语从句的主语和可以把状语从句的主语和bebe动词一起省略。本动词一起省略。本题在题在whenwhen的后面省略了的后面省略了they arethey are。因为。因为childrenchildren和动词和动
42、词accompanyaccompany构成被动关系构成被动关系, ,所以使所以使用过去分词表示被动。句意用过去分词表示被动。句意: :当孩子有父母亲陪伴的时候当孩子有父母亲陪伴的时候, ,他们是被允许进入体育馆的。他们是被允许进入体育馆的。7.No sooner 7.No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. broke into thunderous applause.8
43、.On the top of the hill 8.On the top of the hill (stand) a church, whose style can (stand) a church, whose style can be traced to the ages of the Roman Empire. be traced to the ages of the Roman Empire.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :7.had7.had考查倒装句。本题中的固定句式考查倒装句。本题中的固定句式no sooner. than.no sooner. than.一一就就; ;当否定词放在句首
44、的时候当否定词放在句首的时候, ,主句中要使用部分倒装的形式。句意主句中要使用部分倒装的形式。句意: :莫言一走上舞莫言一走上舞台台, ,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。根据句意可知莫言走上舞台是在观众鼓掌之前观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。根据句意可知莫言走上舞台是在观众鼓掌之前, ,而观众鼓掌已经使用了一般过去时而观众鼓掌已经使用了一般过去时, ,在这之前的动作要使用过去完成时。同时要在这之前的动作要使用过去完成时。同时要使用倒装句式。使用倒装句式。8.stands8.stands此处是全部倒装结构。当表示地点的短语放在句首且主语是名词时此处是全部倒装结构。当表示地点的短语放在句首且主语是名词时, ,
45、句子要全部倒装句子要全部倒装, ,故此处填故此处填standsstands。. .单句语法改错单句语法改错( (含非本专项及一句二错试题含非本专项及一句二错试题) )1 1. .T Th he e i in ns st tr ru uc ct to or r k ke ep pt t r re ep pe ea at ti in ng g t th he e w wo or rd ds s. .“S Sp pe ee ed d u up p! !” “S Sl lo ow w down! down!” “Turning left!Turning left!”( (20172017全国全国) )
46、2.Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do 2.Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow. better tomorrow.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.TurningTurn1.TurningTurn最后一句为祈使句最后一句为祈使句, ,并和上文中的并和上文中的“Speed upSpeed up”和和“Slow Slow downdown”并列并列, ,故改为动词原形故改为动词原形
47、TurnTurn。2.DoingDo2.DoingDo该句为该句为“祈使句祈使句+and+and+陈述句陈述句”结构结构, ,祈使句句首应用动词原形祈使句句首应用动词原形, ,故将故将DoingDoing改为改为DoDo。3.There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust.3.There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust.4.It is no doubt that mothers play a vital role in
48、their children4.It is no doubt that mothers play a vital role in their childrens s daily life. daily life.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.haveare3.haveare考查考查there bethere be句型。句型。have/hashave/has不能代替不能代替there bethere be句型中的句型中的bebe。4.ItThere4.ItThere考查固定句式考查固定句式“There is no doubt that .There is no doubt that .”。5 5
49、. .T Th he er re e w wa as s m ma an ny y t ta as sk ks s I I h ha ad d t to o f fi in ni is sh h. .B Be es si id de es s, , I I a at tt te en nd de ed d E En ng gl li is sh h a an nd d M Ma at th h t tr ra ai in ni in ng g c cl la as ss se es s b be ec ca au us se e o of f m my y w we ea ak kn ne e
50、s ss se es s i in n t th he e t tw wo o subjects. subjects.6.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.6.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :5.waswere5.waswere考查考查there be .there be .句型的主谓一致句型的主谓一致,be,be动词的单复数取决于后面动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数紧邻的主语的单复数, ,此处主语此处主语“ma
51、ny tasksmany tasks”为复数为复数,be,be动词应用复数动词应用复数, ,故将故将waswas改为改为werewere。6.taketaking6.taketaking本句中动名词短语本句中动名词短语staying at homestaying at home与与taking a triptaking a trip构成并构成并列关系列关系, ,都作介词都作介词betweenbetween的宾语。的宾语。7.Work hard or you7.Work hard or youll pass the final exam.ll pass the final exam.8 8. .
52、S Su uc ch h d di if ff fi ic cu ul lt t d di id d I I f fi in nd d i it t t to o w wo or rk k o ou ut t t th he e p pr ro ob bl le em m t th ha at t I I decided to ask Tom for advices. decided to ask Tom for advices.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :7.orand7.orand根据句意根据句意: :努力工作努力工作, ,你就会通过期末考试的。不能用你就会通过期末考试的。不能用oror。此句也。此句也可以改为可以改为Work hard or you will not pass the final exam.Work hard or you will not pass the final exam.努力工作努力工作, ,否则否则你不会通过期末考试。你不会通过期末考试。8.SuchSo8.SuchSosuchsuch后面的中心词为名词后面的中心词为名词, ,而而soso后的中心词为形容词或副词。后的中心词为形容词或副词。advicesadviceadvicesadviceadviceadvice为不可数名词为不可数名词, ,故应为故应为adviceadvice。
