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1、瘪悠箭予既吗瘦侮弗痘盏哀阵逛棱搁霓漫萄征圆咒柱史劣粒腹响异律委节南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2CreditReportingbyMicroLendingInstitutionsinSouthAfrica南非小额贷款机构的征信制度羔健疯册炊挎夯逮庚后撼聘疫钓残剁蚜暮冗册苗渣姚胖怂搁油尽穿狄券哨南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Agendanbrief background to CompuScan CompuScan的背景简介的背景简介nan overview of MCIs in South Africa 南非小额贷款机构概览南非小额贷款机构概览
2、 nthe credit information that we provide 我们提供的信用信息我们提供的信用信息nMCI reporting requirements 小额贷款机构的征信要求小额贷款机构的征信要求nregistry consultation pricing 征信局咨询定价征信局咨询定价nthe information system 信息系统信息系统nsupport and training needs of MCIs 小额贷款机构需要支持和培训小额贷款机构需要支持和培训nthe benefit to borrowers 对借款者的好处对借款者的好处nand the fut
3、ure outlook. 未来展望未来展望曹憎勿坑兆啃毁眷醋岗慌衣孜堆挠部醇臃钝橡册丫绸绦塘昆闸洁显展梭捌南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Background on CompuScan 背景简介背景简介nCompuScan is a credit reporting and risk information company for Micro Credit Institutions (MCIs) CompuScan是针对小额贷款机构征信和风险信息管理的公司是针对小额贷款机构征信和风险信息管理的公司nWe provide MCIs with credit informat
4、ion, systems, methodologies and training to manage sustainable credit operations, and share borrower information in order to avoid borrower over-indebtedness and reckless credit granting 我们向小额贷款机构提供信用信息、系统、方法及训练来维持信贷业务，与借款者分享信息我们向小额贷款机构提供信用信息、系统、方法及训练来维持信贷业务，与借款者分享信息以避免借款者过度借债以及不计后果的授信。以避免借款者过度借债以及不
5、计后果的授信。nCompuScan was formally established in 1995 and has become the leader in its field, CompuScan于于1995年正式成立，现在已经成为征信领域的佼佼者了。年正式成立，现在已经成为征信领域的佼佼者了。nOperating throughout 业务遍及南非、纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳业务遍及南非、纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳nWe develop, host and manage information technology (IT) requirements in-house. In 1999, Compusc
6、an was awarded the “Sun and Oracle” partner of the year award 我们在公司内部开发并管理信息技术我们在公司内部开发并管理信息技术 1999年，公司被授予年，公司被授予“太阳神灵太阳神灵”称号称号SouthAfricaNamibiaBotswana魔傀汰上厦咆圃滑限斜担开值沦艘恫耸孝缅献条赫骆刀喉茫拆何屎蔽衰懈南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2MCIs in South Africa南非的小额贷款机构nMCIs are consumer finance companies that provide unsecure
7、d small cash loans not exceeding R10 000 (US$1515.15) to borrowers within government controlled regulations R10 000 (US$1515.15) 小额贷款机构是消费者金融公司，它们在政府控制的法规范围内向借款者小额贷款机构是消费者金融公司，它们在政府控制的法规范围内向借款者提供无担保的小额现金贷款，其额度不超过提供无担保的小额现金贷款，其额度不超过10 000 兰特兰特(1515.15美元美元) nThe micro credit industry estimated annual
8、turnover between 20 and 30 billion Rand (3.03 and 4.55 billion US$) 估计每年的小额信贷总额为估计每年的小额信贷总额为200到到300亿兰特亿兰特(30.3 到到 45.5 亿美元）亿美元）nMCIs that provide micro credit: 提供小额贷款的机构提供小额贷款的机构MC Institution Type 类型类型MC Entities MC Branches Banks银行银行92387Public Companies* 公营企业公营企业415Private Companies 私营企业私营企业1352
9、4803 #mainly small companies 主要是小公司主要是小公司NGO/Non-Profits*非政府组织非政府组织/非盈利性机构非盈利性机构1754Cooperatives/Credit unions 合合伙人组织伙人组织/信用联盟信用联盟242Total 总计总计14097301*Ptys/CCs/Trusts have been grouped together.* NGO/Non-Profits provides small loans to small/micro businesses.嘎垣凸搔业露物啥车津伯达房酱叹赞尝精孝谩度恶荆甜伸克铁阀龚匀帐驹南非小额贷款机构
10、的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2nBanks and private MCI are for-profit and up the biggest market share of the micro credit industry 银行和私营小额贷款机构是赢利性的，占据了小额贷款市银行和私营小额贷款机构是赢利性的，占据了小额贷款市场的最大份额场的最大份额nThe NGOs/Non-Profits provides small loans to micro/small businesses and only makes up a small percentage (approximatel
11、y 1-2%) of the market 非政府组织或非盈利性机构也向小型企业提供小额贷款，非政府组织或非盈利性机构也向小型企业提供小额贷款，但只占据市场的一小部分，约为但只占据市场的一小部分，约为12nThe micro credit industry has a 5-8% market share of the total consumer credit industry in South Africa小额贷款占据了南非总的消费者贷款的小额贷款占据了南非总的消费者贷款的58MCIs in South Africa南非的小额贷款机构圆烧铁贬育兄红烧踩胳衡斩祟烙秦几唱前横靴寞烙盖问账啄舅堑蛊
12、芋叛臣南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2CompuscanMain consumer CRTransunion ITC主要消费者征信局主要消费者征信局 环联环联ITC Main consumer CRExperian 主要消费者征信局主要消费者征信局 益百利益百利Managed / synchronisedBanks/NBFIs银行/非银行金融机构Socio-Demo.Data&PublicRegistriesE.g.courts,liensUtilities公用事业Credit information provided to MCIs向小额贷款机构提供的信用信息MCI
13、& Consumer dataMerchants商业企业Banks/Larger MCIs银行银行/ 较大的小额贷款机构较大的小额贷款机构 3000 MCI subscribers +_50 % of MCI market3000个小额贷款机构用户，个小额贷款机构用户，占小额贷款市场的占小额贷款市场的50 Compuscan MCI databasePrivate 私人数据库私人数据库NLR MCI databasePublic公共数据库公共数据库MCI & Consumer data小额贷款机构和消费者数据小额贷款机构和消费者数据MCI data小额贷款机构数据小额贷款机构数据Banks/L
14、arger MCIs银行银行/ 较大的小额贷款机构较大的小额贷款机构MCI & Consumer data小额贷款机构和消费者数据小额贷款机构和消费者数据柬电卵括屠塑趾炉认契允债屑渔厂冲槽耪欲粳烤棠褐滁乳猩铀沈摇毡舌综南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Compuscan CRNLROther data sourced from main CR 来自主要征信局的其它数据来自主要征信局的其它数据MCI repayment data 小额小额贷款机构还款数据贷款机构还款数据MCI & consumer repayment data 小额贷款机小额贷款机构和消费者还款数据构和消费
15、者还款数据Consumer collection data回收回收消费者贷款的数据消费者贷款的数据MCI collection data 小额贷款机构回收贷款的数据小额贷款机构回收贷款的数据Contact-ability dataCivil court judgments 民法判定民法判定Contact-ability data 与客户的联系能力与客户的联系能力Previous enquires 与客户的联系能力与客户的联系能力Scores, verifications, alerts 评分、核实、警告评分、核实、警告Alerts, verifications 警告和核实警告和核实Defaul
16、ts 违约违约Previous enquires 事前问询事前问询Datausage数据使用q70% of subscribers consult and report on Compuscan and the NLR, 20% are being recruited. 10% are prohibited from using the NLR (not registered with Regulator). qOf the 70%, 12 % use value add data from main CR. q70的用户向的用户向Compuscan和和NLR咨询和报告信息；咨询和报告信息；2
17、0正在登记；正在登记；10被被禁止使用禁止使用NLR（没有（没有向监管者登记）向监管者登记） q在在 70%的用户中的用户中, 12 % 使用使用了来自主要征信局的增值数据了来自主要征信局的增值数据 蛛哼沦顾势歇厩它钠卫告夺市锭勘默怕茂挝蜒乱嘲鸭恒耗旗燃投勺谤涟蚕南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Pricing定价Data 数据数据Standard Price 标准价格标准价格CompuScan Credit check R433.20 (US$65.64) p/m (includes 100 freeconsultations per month) NLR + summ
18、aryconsumer data NLR加上总的消费者数据加上总的消费者数据R2.51 (US$0.38) each consultation NLR + detail consumer data NLR加上详细的消费者数据加上详细的消费者数据R5.13 (US$0.70) each Value add data from main CR. 来自主要征信局的增值数据来自主要征信局的增值数据R5.13 (US$0.70) R11.90 (US$1.80)Depending on choice of data 依赖于数据选择依赖于数据选择Price band of majority subscri
19、bers. Average MCI expenditure is approximately R690.00 (US$104.55) p/m.qVolume discounts are provided to the bigger MCIs较大的小额贷款较大的小额贷款机构可以使用贷款额度折扣机构可以使用贷款额度折扣q Includes access to the full system functionality, enabling the MCI to consult, report, and comply with regulatory requirements 包括整个征信体系功能的实现
20、，使得小额贷款机构能够咨询、报告以及满足监管要求包括整个征信体系功能的实现，使得小额贷款机构能够咨询、报告以及满足监管要求qThe data is complete and sufficient to enable the MCI to test the ability to repay and measure credit risk, as well as monitor the debt portfolio 数据必须完整和充足，使小额贷款机构能够衡量信用风险并对债务组合进行监管数据必须完整和充足，使小额贷款机构能够衡量信用风险并对债务组合进行监管逾恰昭袱品俞漱衙核孝茹姆雀疟敏郴伦划谈湘堆姑
21、昆栖蛙它兢也妨酷祝漆南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2MCIs data reporting requirements小额贷款机构的征信要求nMCIs are required to report on all loans granted, payments, re-advancements and closures of accounts 要求小额贷款机构对其授信、支付、再授信及帐户取消等信息进行报告要求小额贷款机构对其授信、支付、再授信及帐户取消等信息进行报告nMCIs are required to report all loans granted within 4
22、8 hours to the NLR, and all accounts that are closed for what ever reason within 48 hours. 要求小额贷款机构在要求小额贷款机构在48小时内向小时内向NLR报告所有贷款以及不管什么原因取消的帐户报告所有贷款以及不管什么原因取消的帐户nPayment Profile data (account repayment data ) must be submitted on a monthly basis: 支付数据（帐户偿还数据）必须按月递交支付数据（帐户偿还数据）必须按月递交MCIs that provide
23、short term loans (short term lenders) submit in format A 提供短期小额贷款的机构以格式提供短期小额贷款的机构以格式A的形式递交的形式递交MCIs that provide term loans (term lenders) submit in format B 提供分期小额贷款的机构以格式提供分期小额贷款的机构以格式B的形式递交的形式递交Format A is less onerous than B, but its preferred that short term lenders submit in format B 虽然格式虽然格式
24、A比格式比格式B简练，但是建议短期贷款者使用格式简练，但是建议短期贷款者使用格式B蝴屏王恨凳馁讨痈孵纯恨眼总唆安娩溅椿扮逛寞皇眨导瘁租妻磊殆晶改声南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2CompuScan information system信息系统信息系统nCompuScan provides credit information to its MCI subscribers through leading-edge online services 公司通过一流的网络服务向它的客户提供信用信息公司通过一流的网络服务向它的客户提供信用信息System handles 50000
25、0 consultations per month 系统每月都要处理系统每月都要处理500，000的问询的问询nSystem makes use of: web-based platform telephone and fax (complementary)CPU-to-CPU (integration into debtor management systems)系统由以下部分组成：系统由以下部分组成：网络平台网络平台电话和传真（补充作用）电话和传真（补充作用）中央处理器对中央处理器（融合到债务人管理系统中）中央处理器对中央处理器（融合到债务人管理系统中）nConsultation repo
26、rts instantly available (single and/or batch) via web / CPU-to-CPU 通过网络或中央处理器马上就可获得问询报告通过网络或中央处理器马上就可获得问询报告nSystem provides tools for credit application processing and account monitoring 系统提供信用申请处理和帐户监测的工具系统提供信用申请处理和帐户监测的工具nMCI Reporting (i.e. account creation/closures/payments) performed via web /
27、CPU-to-CPU (single and/or batch) instantaneously or overnight 小额贷款机构通过网络或中央处理器立刻或隔夜进行报告小额贷款机构通过网络或中央处理器立刻或隔夜进行报告nPayment profiles automatically compiled & submitted to main CR on behalf of MCI monthly 支付款项自动按月递交给主要征信机构支付款项自动按月递交给主要征信机构顿辅蹄伞甩血庐凶术琉帆陨酞帜药苇终胳严裕纵唤疯踏撵癌倾盲岁聚秃地南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2MCI s
28、upport / training对小额贷款机构的支持和培训nThe training and support are key to success - MCIs rely heavily on our training and support service. 培训和支持是成功的关键小额贷款机构严培训和支持是成功的关键小额贷款机构严重依赖于培训和支持重依赖于培训和支持nSupport and training provided: 已提供的支持和培训已提供的支持和培训On-site at MCIs 网上服务网上服务Call centre (inbound & outbound) 6 days
29、a week 电话中心（内部和电话中心（内部和外部）每周外部）每周6天天Contact with MCIs every 6-8 weeks 每周跟小额贷款机构联系每周跟小额贷款机构联系68次次nIn addition, skills training and development programs in credit management provided via CompuScans training division 另外，对信用管理的技术培训和发展规划在另外，对信用管理的技术培训和发展规划在CompuScan的培训部展开的培训部展开Outcomes are to improved MC
30、I standards/professionalism and promote best practice 结果是要得到更完善的标准和专业素质，来推动最好的实践结果是要得到更完善的标准和专业素质，来推动最好的实践Banking sector training authority recently funded a skills training and development project to MCIs to the value of R78million (US$ 12million)银行部门的培训主管最近为小额贷款机构的技术培训和发展计银行部门的培训主管最近为小额贷款机构的技术培训和发
31、展计划筹集了一笔价值划筹集了一笔价值7800万兰特（万兰特（1200万美元）的资金万美元）的资金笺钓寓捅着岩汹国亏咬尺鸥脖触导诲陪滋褥葱诧幢饮辅徘鬼困妮遏宴俞扁南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Benefit to borrowers (1) 对借款者的好处对借款者的好处nMCIs must test a borrowers ability to repay prior to entering into a loan agreement (affordability) 小额贷款机构必须在达成贷款合同之前检测借款者的偿付能力小额贷款机构必须在达成贷款合同之前检测借款者的偿付
32、能力nData used to test ability to repay from MCI/consumer data 来自小额贷款机构或消费者的用于检测偿付能力的数据来自小额贷款机构或消费者的用于检测偿付能力的数据nToday MCIs are making more informed lending decisions due to more comprehensive MCI/consumer data, attributed to the NLR 如今，由于提供了更加详实的贷款机构或消费者数据，小额贷款机构制定贷款决策的信如今，由于提供了更加详实的贷款机构或消费者数据，小额贷款机构制
33、定贷款决策的信息就更加丰富息就更加丰富nAfrican Bank, South Africas largest MCI, reported in their 2004 interim results that their non-performing loans were decreasing 非洲银行及南非最大的小额贷款机构的非洲银行及南非最大的小额贷款机构的2004年中期报告就表明它们的不良贷款正在减少年中期报告就表明它们的不良贷款正在减少 nThis can be taken as an indicator that levels of borrower over-indebtednes
34、s are declining, leading to a trend of fewer judgments and summonses for debts 借款者过度借债水平正在下降这一点可以被看作一个指标，表明了法律纠纷不断减少的借款者过度借债水平正在下降这一点可以被看作一个指标，表明了法律纠纷不断减少的趋势趋势惮撰孺截新胺颇揩证腻餐纪妨藉帜让星辨转蚂齿哎埠畴腻向肪赊醒怨蕾缮南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Graphs show a marked decline in the percentage of judgments and summonses for deb
35、ts in the last 12 month period. 下图显示在过去了下图显示在过去了12个月中债务纠纷是显著减少的个月中债务纠纷是显著减少的Benefit to borrowers (2)对借款者的好处对借款者的好处屋廉睫雕柒汕鹿厉河付擎肺闻蕴反课白磺漾埋区晃识冈逮绑科癣满均袜事南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2 Benefit to borrowers (3)对借款者的好处对借款者的好处nInterest rate decline trend has been noticed in the last 18 month period by the larger
36、 MCIs that provide short term loans, 由较大的小额贷款机构在过去的由较大的小额贷款机构在过去的18个月里提供的短期贷款表明，利率呈下降趋个月里提供的短期贷款表明，利率呈下降趋势势nThis can be attributed to increased competitive forces in the short term loans market, mainly by the bigger MCIs that provide short term loans, 这一点归功于短期借贷市场的激烈竞争，这种竞争主要是由提供短期贷款的较这一点归功于短期借贷市场的激
37、烈竞争，这种竞争主要是由提供短期贷款的较大型机构引起的大型机构引起的nBut an assumption can also be made that due to the MCI ability to make more informed decisions via CR data results in increased MCI efficiency. Thus the savings derived from greater efficiencies, pass onto consumer by means of lower interest rates. 但是我们仍然可以作出这样的判断，
38、即由于征信局提供了数据，小额贷款机构但是我们仍然可以作出这样的判断，即由于征信局提供了数据，小额贷款机构就有能力作出更细致的决策，从而增加了小额贷款机构的效率。所以，更高效就有能力作出更细致的决策，从而增加了小额贷款机构的效率。所以，更高效率带来的成本节约通过更低的利率转移到了消费者率带来的成本节约通过更低的利率转移到了消费者nAnother noticeable trend is that the loan size (capital amount) has started to increase slightly in the last 12 months, 另外一个趋势是在过去的另外一个
39、趋势是在过去的12个月里，贷款规模开始轻微地增加了个月里，贷款规模开始轻微地增加了nThis could be attributed to the MCI ability to make more informed decisions via CR data , 这一点也是由于小额贷款机构可以获得更多信息而能作出更加周密的决策了这一点也是由于小额贷款机构可以获得更多信息而能作出更加周密的决策了nBut also to the fact that the borrowers debt repayments are slightly lower, due to better interest ra
40、tes. 但同时也是由于更有利的利率使得借款者的偿付成本降低了但同时也是由于更有利的利率使得借款者的偿付成本降低了集框筑尘趁赊菱性纺境秆篡突挣且调葫堆牙仟遭稀尾崎殿瘟纪峨查滇辈驮南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Where to for CompuScan 未来发展方向未来发展方向nIn the local market, the focus is on product development: 在当地市场，主要是产品开发在当地市场，主要是产品开发Application and bureau scores for MCIs 小额贷款机构的开展和评分小额贷款机构的开展和评分
41、Systems, methodologies and information to assist MCIs diversify into micro/small business lending 帮助小额贷款机构向小型商业借贷机构发展的体制、方法和信息帮助小额贷款机构向小型商业借贷机构发展的体制、方法和信息 *MCIs are under political pressure to diversify into micro/small business lending 政治压力政治压力 nExpansion into other markets is also on the cards and
42、 numerous scoping missions have been undertaken and strategies are being developed: 向其它市场扩展也是一项内容，我们正在开展许多开阔视野的活动，一些策略也正在被开发向其它市场扩展也是一项内容，我们正在开展许多开阔视野的活动，一些策略也正在被开发 From a technological point of view, setting-up-shop in a market with low enquiry volumes is doable, as long as the target market has a
43、decent telecommunication infrastructure, which is affordable by the MCIs in the target market. 从技术的角度来讲，只要目标市场拥有不错的电讯基础设施，建立一个小型的信用公司就从技术的角度来讲，只要目标市场拥有不错的电讯基础设施，建立一个小型的信用公司就是可行的。是可行的。However, what can hinder the feasibility of entering and operating in a market with low volumes is the cost of provid
44、ing the required sales, service, support and training. MCIs rely heavily on training and support. 然而，影响进入市场并在其中经营的可行性的障碍就是提供要求的产品、服务、支持和培然而，影响进入市场并在其中经营的可行性的障碍就是提供要求的产品、服务、支持和培训所需要的成本。而小额贷款机构对支持和培训是严重依赖的训所需要的成本。而小额贷款机构对支持和培训是严重依赖的广肯募恬瞎恍酞颜滩午伍入夏娄铬插址桅熄癸歹痞份锄兆最笼咸迟坍艳术南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2Thankyou谢谢nComments welcome frankcompuscan.co.za n欢迎评论欢迎评论冈磐疥诬征审刚钱谎帝圆箭陆殖惊八罐演迟犬辛招锦乖滓丫模注怪埃姓猴南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2南非小额贷款机构的征信制度2
