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1、 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language Department1I. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with ML2I. Target3. Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of wo
2、rd formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide3III. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based
3、on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically4 Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stom
4、ach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning e y e d o c t o r , a r e e x a m p l e s . The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language?5Most medical words are made from a
5、combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels ( o / a ) t h a t j o i n a l l t h e s e p a r t s .Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45
6、letters)6Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis 7Three majo
7、r objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixCombining form8Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootroo
8、trootrootrootcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowel心电图9Combining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : out
9、endo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cutting102. To correlate an
10、 understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿11OncologyNephr
11、ologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of Pronunciation12Medical Terminolo
12、gySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical Words13OrgansTissuesCells14Distribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical terms15The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3r
13、d category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabulary16Medical TerminologyI. ConversionII. derivativeIII. Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicasymptomatica
14、ntivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳17I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜Reservoir 贮主(zhu)To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主space occupying lesion 占位性病变18Derivatives P
15、refix: ir- il- im-mis-irregularity, irresistableillegal, illiterateimmature immobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisstatemismanage19PrefixDis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea diseasein- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated20un- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undiff
16、erentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 21none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的22ex-exclusionexcretion exhaleex- presidentex-
17、wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外23Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially 24V.-en.(a.+ en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthe
18、nshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten -al n.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(but not: compose, compromise)25CompoundsRootsOrgans and their rootsliver hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro-spleen splen(o)brain cerebro-head cephal(o)eye ophthalm/skin dermo-ear
19、 oto-(otology)chest thorac/o-arteri/o arteryvaso vessel26nose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎Pharynx 咽 Pharyng (o)-Pharyngectomy 咽切除描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon结肠前带posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉inferior inferior thyroid artery甲状腺下动脉2
20、7 inter- (between) interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside) intracellularendo-(intra- ) endocarditispoly-(many, much) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同侧的homograft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原dys-(no
21、t) dysplasia发育不良28 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiologythrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎29lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少radio- radio
22、nuclide- angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno- immunosuppressionelectro- electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术30Strepto- Streptococcus StreptomycinOsteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix:-itis (inflammation) hepatitis bro
23、nchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 31-ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法- gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图-scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telesc
24、ope32-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci-logy (science) Psychology Sociology Pathology Pharmacology -ist ( scientist) Physiologist-cian physician, pediatrician technician33 clinician-oma (neoplasm)瘤 hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤-emia -imia血
25、症 leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblastemia 成红细胞血症 -pathy (disease) pathophysiology myopathy 肌病-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多 -ia ( condition) otitis media otoneuralgia 耳神经痛34hypogammaglobulinemiacytomegalovirusmononuclear leukocytosisosteomyelitisencephalitismeningitis低丙种球蛋白血症细胞巨化病毒单核细胞增多白细胞增多,骨髓炎脑炎脑膜炎Test Yourselves35PoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma脊髓灰质炎免疫细胞化学免疫抑制淋巴细胞增生性 综合症淋巴管学淋巴管切开术淋巴管肉瘤36Thank you for your attention !37
