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1、 阅读理解能力提高技巧（一）阅读理解能力提高技巧（一） 秦琦辉Improving your reading ability（1）Qinqihui猜测词义猜测词义 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” m
2、eans _. . Lead-in(Lead-in(导入导入) )1. Definition 定义法定义法3. Similarity 相似法相似法2. Contrast 对比法对比法4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法5. Example 例举法例举法8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7. Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.1. Definition 定义法：定义法：
3、 一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 (adj. 易碎的易碎的, 脆的脆的) The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. (n. 牧羊人牧羊人) 信号词：信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,- (破折号破折号)等等.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust th
4、e skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex. 1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on a
5、nimals. They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones. The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.木匠木匠动物学家动物学家脊椎动物脊椎动物青春期青春期“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words cre
6、ate a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _. A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulde
7、rs with you D. feeding you cold meat2. 2. Contrast 对比法：对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的表示对比的信号信号词有词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等。等。 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, h
8、is neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex. 2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. Some human actions are learned, but quite a
9、 few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的 Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her f
10、irst class.A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly A (v. 不同意不同意)3. 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。结构猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been p
11、olluted.(adj. 巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)当被猜的词前后有信号词当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , asas, the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。义了。 The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much
12、shorter.推迟推迟圆胖的圆胖的, Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. (2009广广东高考东高考)47. The underline
13、d phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _. A. formed an idea for B. made an outline forC. made some space forD. chose some colors for上下句是上下句是SomeOthers句式，句式，while we conjured up our designs的对应部分是的对应部分是while deep in thought，可见，可见conjured up的意思是的意思是“思考，想象思考，想象”答案为答案为A， 4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：
14、从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. (adj. 贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的) (adj. 大的大的)因果关系因果关系 信号词信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus R
15、ubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的 Signal words: because,so, suchthat,sothat,ect. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, r
16、esearchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.(04广东高考题）广东高考题）65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in para.3) means that the colours_A.Attracted the customers stronglyB.Had weak effects on the customersC.T
17、ricked the customers into shoppingD.Caused the customers to lose interest D5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等等 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance
18、, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.(n. 电器用具电器用具) Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置6. Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词
19、头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小
20、的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，无）（不，无） -wards (向向)superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的非自然的) homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的) rebuild eastwards(重建重建) Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟
21、民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东) Eg. Im going to buy a microbus. micro+bus 微型公共汽车微型公共汽车 vThis possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.un+foresee+able 不可预见的不可预见的Today the sport is popular in Latin America, Asia and, unfortunately, in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawfu
22、l in almost every state.What does the word “unlawful” possibly mean? A. allowed by the lawB. in accordance with the lawC. against the lawD. having nothing to do with the lawPrefix (前缀）前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understa
23、nd anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expectB7. Context 7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。提示来猜测词义。 Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightAa bird Ban animal C. a star2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa b
24、ird Ban animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearAa bird Ban animal C. a starAABCAB( (n.n. 猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰) )3 3）The children are looking at an The children are looking at an apeape. . A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca
25、 kind of birda kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The The children children are are looking looking at at a a large, large, hairyhairy apeape at at the the zoozoo A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of
26、 tree C Ca kind of birda kind of birdA AA AB BC.C.AC(n. 猿猿)8. 8. Common sense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。生活经验来猜测词义。 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助
27、加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n. 麻醉剂麻醉剂( (药药) ) When a doctor performs an opera
28、tion on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. Metal expands when he
29、ated and contracts when cooled. 麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖 Inqui
30、ry-based Activities (I) 探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)1.They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.?2.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.?3. We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.?4. She is usually prompt for all her clas
31、s, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.?1.同位法。同位语部分同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了给出了 castle 的确切词义，即的确切词义，即“城堡城堡”。They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times .2.定义法。定语从句中定义法。定语从句中who looks after sheep 就表明就表明herdsman 的词的词义为义为牧人牧人。The
32、 herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year .3.3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明楚地表明night shift night shift 是是“夜班夜班”的意的意思。思。We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week .4.4.对比法。对比法。but but 表转折，因此表转折，因此but but 前后的意思前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天 第一节上第一节上了一半
33、才来了一半才来 ，因此反向推理，可得出她平时，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向一向 准时准时 的结论。的结论。She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class .小试身手1.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance2. All his attempts to un
34、lock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的成功的 B. 徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D. 匆促的匆促的3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级上级 B. 前任前任 C. 同事同事 D. 下级下级祝祝功功成成你你!4. She didnt hear what you said becau
35、se she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.紧张的紧张的 C. 全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic6. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it
36、 up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever祝祝功功成成你你!7. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry8. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straig
37、ht9. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A. small B. large C. dull祝祝功功成成你你! Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?- 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树枝树枝 C. 冰河
38、冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用 B. 借出借出 C. 购
39、买购买 D. 参观参观 CAB 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的爱猫的 B. 古怪的古怪的 C. 闲不住
40、闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 温饱温饱 C. 非常贫困非常贫困 D. 虚弱虚弱 ABC Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic
41、 ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “
42、obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyBPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his fam
43、ily, his lineage(宗系宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame DPassage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that
44、 the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping BPassage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a
45、 day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious
46、” probably mean?A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challengingBPassage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in th
47、is text.A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stopBPassage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning
48、 a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _.A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised D 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必
49、须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。会理解错误。 教师点评教师点评1. Definition 定义法定义法3. Similarity 相似法相似法2. Contrast 对比法对比法4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法5. Example 例举法例举法8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7. Context 上下文上下文 SummaryHomework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。完成印发的猜测词义练习。 Any comment is welcome. Bye!
