《LightweightConcreteAnInternationalPerspective轻质混凝土国际视角》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《LightweightConcreteAnInternationalPerspective轻质混凝土国际视角（21页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Design of Appropriately Constructed Facilities to Cope With Global WarmingByTed BremnerProfessor Emeritus & Honorary Research ProfessorUniversity of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, CanadaPrague October 2012礁喂崔易湍六叉怠纬帘栖遏暮喂过伤彰验扑夜向逾步拾酣帕幢尖瞅物淤界Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lig
2、htweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Current best estimates forecast only minor warming in the equatorial regions including India while large temperature rises are now occurring in the polar regions.2妄邹月辆桨库瓮写荣庄粱鹃箔算耍颈沫蜘键忽傻傍馅召闭菇炔凰傻砷叔冉Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective
3、：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角NOTE: India has very low surface temperature increase between 1976 and 2001.3卸粉逆盂僵亩喝兹珐十惜评研漏轿滚倾翟辆辰授忠失反覆亲餐腻署息混获Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Warm
4、ing World4掩烧皇绑奥貌触疏几爷赃熏菲迂脓彬吉甩淋躁封卿袄融罚踏窄直窝爵魄均Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角5The cumulative effects of our past and present action have set in play dynamic forces that will destroy the planet unless we act in a more
5、decisive way. Simply to stop peddling on a bicycle going down a progressively more steep hill will not avert disaster.稼摇举结僵执超打虾佬峻詹笛击海龟捷颗纶贺刷田剁齿肯春榜强肃茵记澜Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角There are many examples of this
6、with perhaps the most serious in the Arctic where the organic rich permafrost is thawing, and their decay will cause release of green house gases that in turn cause global warming. If not now, eventually the process becomes self sustaining without input from us.6也宜湾堪邦欣哗捌凛年扎舷钵天吻换惹铸盂赃代罕狈必侍肋榆况烂窟必磊Light
7、weight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角To avert disaster, global warming caused mainly by greenhouse gases must be reduced everywhere in all possible ways. Excessive behavior of humans is the main cause but fortunately people
8、can change their ways quickly, as witness:USSR morphing into separate countries.Reduction of acid rain in eastern North America.Elimination of DDT in Canada in 1957.Elimination of lead in gasoline in Canada and the US.Mandating sustainable forest usage in most of the world.7叛汪搐撵婉墅速令爆导鬃魁唉蒲构裳泡梢漠纶遮眨稚疙哉
9、肾连渗寸姚漫仆Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角As producers of construction materials we have:1.Reduced carbon dioxide emission from cement manufacture by up to 50% by replacing cement with fly ash, slag and silica fume.2.
10、Recycled metals with 60% of steel being made from scrap.3.Perfected the art of recycled asphalt.4.Through the use of insulation and green roofs reduced the energy required for heating and cooling buildings.5.Developed an accounting procedure to evaluate the carbon foot print of our constructed facil
11、ities.8赴捆主剪视灸嗣柏谚揉慑睬般黎黄爹碧须隘摇规忽胃圭突镐旷盐尝备恼雀Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Unfortunately, as designers of constructed facilities, we have not come up with new design concepts that reflect the needs of a world under str
12、ess. This includes strategies to cope with rising sea levels and to provide affordable housing and effective public transportation.9壳降贫轻再留茂设逻薄飞女壤塔蹿免怠穆裕废擞徐满谤净橡内颤也堑刨萍Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角A Canadian cement
13、company had this slogan bravely stated in bold red letters on the bottom of its correspondence, “CONCRETE FOR PERMANENCE”. In the 1960s the use of air entrainment with a high enough cement content and a low water content was intended to assure customers that the concrete would be durable for eternit
14、y. Unfortunately alkali aggregate reaction, delayed ettringite formation and corrosion of embedded reinforcement shortly led to the removal of the slogan.10存瓮杉咽掠嫁孺诉借深艳堆沼缅笼蜘盅随芬户亮魁磺经镊娱昼滤品奴蝎拔Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混
15、凝土国际视角Veigh, in his book “Conception of the Theory of Environmentally Compatible Structures and Structural Materials (ECS)”, emphasizes the need to rethink how most buildings are constructed, and stresses what can be learned from nature. Surface structures rather than post and beam structures clearl
16、y make the most effective use of our new materials. Also, if trends in the cost of energy continue, then solutions to global warming problems will need more complex structures. 11频霜冰渺抡课怀敢仿剐吵创备儿安豪紧困坦持哩既君睹剥蕴酉磕次察斡谢Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An Intern
17、ational Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角The first step is to realize that affordability is of prime concern to avoid a U.S. housing crisis type problem. Recent advances in the use of foam and cellular concrete indicate that this relatively mature technology can be used for low-cost housing, although it is cons
18、iderably underutilized at the present time.12互蹬席续哼并鱼薛岔浴红吗膜侄富霄虎悼央球服返撩闷绳望褥拔墙隅纷烃Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角The term “Environmentally Compatible Structures” encompasses both the risk from the materials and the ris
19、k posed by the structure itself. In the case of materials there is a well-developed understanding of the need to guard against the use of hazardous materials such as asbestos, arsenic and mercury from the combustion of coal. Less well appreciated are the hazards associated with the short and long te
20、rm effects of effluents created by the mining industry.13野腕茄富功泻榷喇浦堑棚煌踪驮灶速撼竞少鞋鲜驼卒衣渝汾孜粒夜御线厩Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角In places where rising sea levels and storm surges are likely to occur, retreating in an orde
21、rly manner seems the only practical approach. A report prepared for the Canadian Department of the Environment by the Round Table on Climate Change (Report No, 4) indicates a strong preference for this approach (6). This study found that building dykes to hold back the sea was highly uneconomical an
22、d totally impractical, if not impossible, in many threatened sites.14康灼赢您吞联存梅蚊时骚乳慰烂挑将部烽嗡面阜乙擦原屋啡俺尉榷收童跪Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角In the past two decades the type of constructed facilities needed by the military
23、 has changed somewhat as we go from multi-national wars to national wars. An example of recycling military discards is in Moscow where an abandoned inter-continental missile silo became the foundation for a very large vibrating table for research on earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings, but
24、this is still an exception. 15悼标其媒喻峙法饲篮迁迢大膨队哮哀啊跨辑钎厄农鼓匆鸥锻瓢抖腐光迄您Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角In both developed and developing countries there is a need to recognize the fragility of the situation. In the developin
25、g world, changes need to be made to alleviate financial crises that inevitably must result in more economical and more appropriate housing and public facilities. In North America and in most of the developed world we have built extravagantly, and now smaller and more modest housing is necessary. 16贼
26、坎塌彻嗽燥劲杀蛙坝弦娘野虐贼枚咀读佐炎遏稀壕页魔主拯放空揭砾眷Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角The level of funding needed to solve the problems associated with global warming on a government, industrial and individual basis is likely to be unava
27、ilable. Those of us involved in providing solutions must manage to do business in a cost-conscious and more stressed world, while at the same time producing more appropriate constructed facilities.17册藐鸭缝仙眶托怯焕曙兆荒狸稚瓤兜狞种穴降赢囱羌审蛛供灰彝开咖界吠Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweigh
28、t Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Setting National LimitsKyoto Protocol (2008) Most Nations commit to limits on greenhouse gas emissions.Durban Negotiations (2011) China and India can avoid any legal limits on their fast-rising carbon emissions. European Countries make progress but US
29、A and Canada renig.? Protocol (2015) Negotiation of rules for greenhouse gas emissions.? (2020) Negotiated rules will come into effect.Global Warming (2030) will have exceeded the tipping point for maintaining a sustainable Planet.18喊鹃泞痰浊蛛麻汐旦骂肠政次跺袒迎洲谷阵禁尝答譬佰己辗幻敬姑失妖拟Lightweight Concrete An Internation
30、al Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角CountryCO2 Emission per person in 109 Tonnes% of World ShareRank per Person 200819902008Quitar25.253.5 0.2 1USA19.119.518.1 12Canada16.216.4 1.8 15China 2.2 6.823.3 78Ecuador 1.6 2.2 0.1120Brazil 1.4 1.9 1.3124India 0
31、.8 1.4 5.814519祁鸯琶饭涡通吱愧略郎据炎护氛腹椽那荤沟躇尺玛杉喊蛰燃譬仅追南粉毙Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角SolutionIt is apparent from the previous table that there is no solution to global warming unless the USA and China recognize that they
32、 must take the lead in reducing it. Global warming and scarcity of water are interrelated and these two countries apparently are not now sufficiently concerned to commit to change. For change to occur nations immediately must come together to share water resources.20枯窃相畏镣结鼎铸息日暑徘材牺速吞塞魁蹄亢用血娃枉挥滩拔抑窗闷蚤篷L
33、ightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角ConclusionRecent advances in construction materials have been such that greater usefulness can be expected, and those who are designing facilities need to make more effective use of what is available.bremnertunb.ca http:/www.unb.ca/fredericton/engineering/depts/civil/people/bremner.html21舔泊庶花闪思稚势绅税又颅达矣庚精玄倔怯嚎狠凄兄轻末桅撑桩砾愁存逸Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角Lightweight Concrete An International Perspective：轻质混凝土国际视角
