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1、动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Pa
2、ssive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。一般现在时：一般现在时： am / is / are done一般过去时：一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时：现在进行时： am / is / are being done过去进行时：过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时：现在完成时： have / has been done过
3、去完成时：过去完成时： had been done一般将来时：一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的
4、自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must
5、be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.1.当当不不知知道道或或没没有有必必要要指指出出动动作作的的执执行行者者时时，常常用用被被动动语语态态，这这时时往往不用往往不用by 短语。短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.2.突突出出或或强强调调动动作作的的承承受受者者，如如果果需需要要说说出出动动作作的的执执行行者者，用用by 短语。短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was
6、 broken by Paul. 3.3.当当汉汉语语句句子子的的主主语语既既不不是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，也也不不是是动动作作的的承承受受者者时时，这时常用这时常用in + + 名词作状语，而代替名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。短语。 These cars were made in China. These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. factor
7、y. People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。当主动句的宾语是当主动句的宾语是thatthat引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。可转换为两种形式的被动句。English is spoken almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：含有单宾语的主动句的转换：(一一) 主动句与被动句的转换主动句与被动句的转换People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。是个诚实
8、的孩子。2.2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换含有双宾语的主动句的转换I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。 It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy is believed to be an honest one.The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。语从句中的谓
9、语变成不定式短语。1) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；主语从句；3. 3. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换。含有介词动词的主动句的转换。They have never listened to him. 人家从不听人家从不听他的话。他的话。He has never been listened to.Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).9. 9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句： 第第一一，感感官官
10、系系动动词词一一般般用用主主动动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，如如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 误：误：It is felt very soft. (2)The food tastes delicious. 误：误：The food is tasted delicious. (3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 第第
11、二二，谓谓语语是是及及物物动动词词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：等。如： He entered the room and got his book. 误：误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：误：Her hand was had burned. 第第三三，一一些些不不及及物物动动词词短短语语没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart,
12、 consist of, add up to等。如：等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第第四四，不不及及物物动动词词没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：误：The sun had already been risen. A
13、fter the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第第五五，宾宾语语是是反反身身代代词词，相相互互代代词词，不不定定式式，v-ing形形式式及及抽抽象象名名词词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：误：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：误：Each other is loved. 10. 10. 在汉语中，有一类句
14、子不出现主语，在英语中一般可在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说据说It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain
15、tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.语态转换(Give the students some minutes to discuss)1.He teaches English in our school.2.She gave me a book. English is taught in our school by him.I was given a book by her./A book was given to me byher.口诀口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加d
16、one,时态看主动。口诀口诀2：如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)3.He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.口诀口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch,notice)4.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of b
17、y them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。Drills：A:1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station( )_in my home town now.A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building .3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.u
18、sed D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must
19、 be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen BADC9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered10.I think the shop_.No,its open. It_at
20、six. closedA.Asked Bwill be asked C.closed;closesD.closes;is B.11.This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling.C.A.use B.using C.to use D.usedDDD1.The key _for locking the classroom door. A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use 2.A new school _over there in two years. A.may built B.may be built C. is
21、 built 3. He was made _yesterday. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried4.The PRC_on October 1,1949. A.was found B. is found C.was founded D.is founded 5.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D. will giveBBBCCExercises:一.选择填空:1.Windows_ of
22、 glass.A.be made B. is made C. are made D. been madeB.2. The house_ in 2004.C.is built B. is building C. was built D. usedD.3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.E.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Suzhou and Hangzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA
