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1、Results and discussion 第七小组成员：丁艳然、申妮、刘迪、丁艳然、申妮、刘迪、 张益飞、王晓燕、齐园园、于梦妍、张益飞、王晓燕、齐园园、于梦妍、 石进荣、赵高杰、陈冬、刘文帅石进荣、赵高杰、陈冬、刘文帅 主讲人： XXXTable of Contents ExampleExample 1 1 IntroductionofresultsIntroductionofresults 2 2 DescriptionofimportantresultsDescriptionofimportantresults3 3 DiscussionofresultsDiscussionofre
2、sults4 4 TemplatesTemplates5 5Example1 The separator should have uniform pore size distribution to avoid performance losses, which is due to uneven current densities. Some research shows that sub-micrometer pore dimensions are critical for preventing internal shorts between the anode and the cathode
3、 of the lithium-ion cell, particularly as the separators are as thin as 25 mm or less. The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the maximum and average pore size of separator is shown in Figure 3. With the increase of PPTA pulp dosage, the maximum pore size and average pore size of the separator remain
4、on a downward trend. When the PPTA pulp dosage reaches 40%, the pore size of the separator is decreased obviously. The pore size of the separator can be well controlled to less than 1 mm.该隔膜应孔径分布均匀，以避免由于不均匀该隔膜应孔径分布均匀，以避免由于不均匀造成性能损失。造成性能损失。研究表明研究表明，亚微米孔隙尺寸，亚微米孔隙尺寸是针对预防性内部的阳极和锂离子电池的阴是针对预防性内部的阳极和锂离子电池的
5、阴极之间的短路的关键，特别是隔膜是薄如极之间的短路的关键，特别是隔膜是薄如2525毫米或更小的。毫米或更小的。PPTAPPTA浆液剂量对隔膜最大和浆液剂量对隔膜最大和平均孔径平均孔径的影响示于图的影响示于图3 3。随着随着PPTAPPTA浆液剂量浆液剂量的增加的增加，最大孔径和平均孔径都，最大孔径和平均孔径都呈下降的趋呈下降的趋势势。当。当PPTAPPTA浆液剂量达浆液剂量达4040时，隔膜的孔隙时，隔膜的孔隙尺寸明显减小，隔膜的平均孔隙尺寸可以很尺寸明显减小，隔膜的平均孔隙尺寸可以很好地控制到小于好地控制到小于1mm1mm。Figure 3. The influence of PPTA pu
6、lp dosage to the pore size of separator.图3 PPTA剂量对隔膜的孔径的影响Example2 The pore size distribution of the separators with PPTA pulp dosage ranging from 20% to 100% is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the pore size distribution is not continuous. Parts of large pores appear near the maximum pore siz
7、e, and another centralized zone of scatter is near the average pore size. The reason for the discontinuous distribution of the pore size might be that the maximum pore size depends on the coarsest fibers diameter and the defects of nonwoven, but the average pore size depends on the most common fiber
8、 diameter. In Figure 4a, when PPTA content is 20%, there are almost 95% pores in the range of 0.720 10.000 mm, but the maximum pore size of wet-laid nonwoven is 26.923 mm. This means the separator may have some defect such as pinholes and cannot meet the requirement of the separator. In Figure 4 f,
9、the pore size distribution of the separator prepared with pure PPTA pulp is shown. There are about 3% of the pores near the maximum pore size of 0.895 mm, and almost 97% of the pores are at the range of 0.118 mm0.500 mm, which indicates that the separators uniformity is improved obviously. PPTAPPTA浆
10、液剂量浆液剂量范围从范围从20 20 到到100100的孔径的孔径分布示于图分布示于图4 4。该孔径分布是不连续的，孔径分布最多部位附近出现最大。该孔径分布是不连续的，孔径分布最多部位附近出现最大孔径。孔径的非连续分布孔径。孔径的非连续分布原因可能是原因可能是最大孔径取决于纤维的最大直径，但其平均孔径依赖于最常见的纤维直径。最大孔径取决于纤维的最大直径，但其平均孔径依赖于最常见的纤维直径。在在图图4A4A中中，当，当PPTAPPTA含量为含量为2020 ，孔隙在，孔隙在0.7200.720m- 10.000- 10.000m的范围内的占的范围内的占9595，但此时湿法成网非织造布的最大孔，但此
11、时湿法成网非织造布的最大孔径为径为26.92326.923m。这意味着这意味着隔膜可能有一些缺陷不能满足隔膜的要求：如针孔。隔膜可能有一些缺陷不能满足隔膜的要求：如针孔。如图如图4 F4 F中中，100%100%纯纯PPTAPPTA量时的孔径量时的孔径分布情况：有分布情况：有9797的小孔分布在的小孔分布在0.1180.118m- 0.500- 0.500m的范围内，只有的范围内，只有3%3%的小孔分布在最大孔径为的小孔分布在最大孔径为0.8950.895m附近。附近。这这表明表明该分离器的均匀性该分离器的均匀性得到明显改善得到明显改善。Example2 Figure 4. (a) The i
12、nfluence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator (PPTA pulp dosage is 20%); (b) The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator (PPTA pulp dosage is 40%); (c) The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator (PPTA pulp d
13、osage is 60%); (d) The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator (PPTA pulp dosage is 80%); (e) The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator (PPTA pulp dosage is 90%); (f) The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution o
14、f separator (PPTA pulp dosage is 100%).（A）PPTA浆液用量为20（B）PPTA浆液用量为40（C）PPTA浆液用量为60（D）PPTA浆液用量为80（E）PPTA浆液用量为90（F）PPTA浆液剂量为100Example5vWhen FAME synthe-sis tests were performed with changing the parameters such as CaO loading amount, capsule loading amount, methanol/oil molarratio, reaction temperatur
15、e, and stirring rate, the optimal condition was found to be 0.08 g, 0.8 g, 12, 308 K, 350 rpm, respectively.v通过改变参数，如氧化钙负载量、胶囊负载量、甲醇/油摩尔浓度、反应温度和搅拌速度，完成了脂肪酸甲酯的合成测试，并得到了最佳的反应条件，分别是氧化钙负载量，0.08 g、胶囊负载量，0.8 g, 甲醇/油摩尔浓度，12, 反应温度，308 K, 搅拌速度350 rpm。IntroductionofresultsnVerb: show, present, display, summar
16、ize, depict, illustrate（注意：当图表注意：当图表用于作某种总结时，才可使用用于作某种总结时，才可使用summarize,而而illustrate只有在指图形只有在指图形时才可使用。时才可使用。）nVoice:Active: Diagram/table as subject（主动：图（主动：图/表作为主题）表作为主题）Passive: Result content as subject（被动：结果内容为主体）（被动：结果内容为主体）nE.g.Fig.5 shows the influences of （图（图5显示显示.的影响）的影响）Data in Table 3 sh
17、ow that （表（表3中的数据显示中的数据显示.）The effect of on is shown in Figure 4.（图（图4显示显示.在在.的影响）的影响）Introductionofresults说明或评论研究结果：作者对研究结果的评论或说明通常包含下列内容之一:根据本人的研究结果作出推论。如：Theresultssuggestthat作者解释研究结果或说明产生研究结果的原因。如:Thesefindingsareunderstandablebecause作者对此次研究结果与其他研究者曾发生的结果作比较。例如提出自己的结果是否与其他研究者的结果一致。Theseresultsag
18、reewithGernersanalysis,inthat作者对自己的研究方法或技术的性能与其他研究者的方法或技术的性能进行比较，这种比较常出现在工程类研究论文中。例如：TherecognitionrateofoursystemissignificantlyhigherthanthatreportedforTokenssystem.作者指出自己的理论模型是否与实验数据符合。如:Themeasuredtemperaturesalongtheheatpipewereallhighlyconsistentwiththepredictionsofthetheoreticalmodel.Introduc
19、tionofresultsv语态的使用：可可以以采采用用被被动动语语态态或或主主动动语语态态。前前者者把把结结果果的的内内容容作作为为主主语语，后后者者则则把把图图表表的的名名称称当当作作主主语语。介介绍绍研研究究结结果果的的句句子子究究竞竞采采用用被被动动语语态态还还是是主主动动语语态态，取取决决于于句句子子强强调调的的内内容容及及主主语语部部分分的的长长度度。由由于于结结果果部部分分的的焦焦点点是是结结果果本本身身，所所以以在在介介绍绍研研究究结结果果时时，最最好好把把名名词词短短语语作作为为主主语语，此此时时句句子子采采用用被被动动语语态态。但但是是，名名词词短短语语作作为为主主语语很很
20、长长时时，会会使使整整个个句句子子出出现现不不平平衡衡、不不自自然然的的结结构构，此此时宜把图表名称作为主语，句子采用主动语态。时宜把图表名称作为主语，句子采用主动语态。IntroductionofresultsnTense:Past (most):Description of result in certain condition.(一定条件下对结果的说明)Description of experiment result.（实验结果的说明）Present:Description of result with universal effectiveness.（具有普遍使用性结果的说明）Desc
21、ription of result got from mathematics model or theory analysis.（从数学模型或理论分析得到结果的说明）此外，在对结果提出可能的解释和说明时，可使用一般现在时态的推测动词，见下表DescriptionofimportantresultsnContant：1) Change of certain parameter or variable during some time. verb：increased/decreased、rose/fell、dropped/declined、went up/down、remained constan
22、t/remained unchanged、peaked、reached a maximum、reached a minimum2) Comparison between different samples, methods or research object.verbs:increased much slower than缓慢地增加 has much higher packet dropping rate 具有更高的下降率3) Relationship (interaction) between different parameters or variables.verbs:was depe
23、ndent on/was independent of/was determined by/was closely related toDescriptionofimportantresults1 1）( (也也) )可以观察到可以观察到 It can be observed that It be also observed that From Fig.7d，another important feature can be observed2 2）解释原因：）解释原因： probably due to be due to be attributed to归因于归因于3 3）表转折）表转折Alt
24、hough the temperature of reactants was same, FAME yield with CaO(10 wt.%)-active carbon-loaded microcapsule was higher than that with CaO(10 wt.%)-loaded microcapsule. This observation could be explained as follows;4 4）表述得出结论）表述得出结论It was confirmed from these experiments that all reactants and produ
25、cts could permeate through the shell of prepared microcapsule in the present study.Descriptionofimportantresults句式：句式：Althoughbe same，be higher（形容词比较级） than that with.尽管.相同，与.相比.相对较高。This observation could be explained as follows，解释某种结果时，可以用此表达It was confirmed from these experiments that从这些实验中可以得到Di
26、scussionofresults典型的讨论部分通常由以下五个项目构成：Step 1: restate the findings and accomplishments.Step 2: Evaluate how the results fit in with the previous findings do they contradict, agree or go beyond them?Step 3: List potential limitations to the study.Step 4: Offer an interpretation/explanation of these res
27、ults and ward off counter-claims.Step 5: State the implications and recommend further research. 1 1）重申结论重申结论或或成果。成果。 2 2）评估结果与评估结果与已有的已有的研究结果研究结果 与与他们他们是否是否矛盾，矛盾，一致一致或或是否能是否能超越他们？超越他们？ 3 3）列出这项研究可能存在的局限性。列出这项研究可能存在的局限性。 4 4）对结果对结果做出说明做出说明/ /对结论对结论解释和解释和避免错误结论避免错误结论。 5 5）各状况）各状况的影响，并建议的影响，并建议进行进行进一步研
28、究。进一步研究。Discussionofresults句型：句型：+that句型句型+一般现在时一般现在时/过去时过去时DiscussionofresultsTemplatesv常用短语：常用短语：vunder the light irradiation，在光照下，在光照下 ionic liquid，离子溶液，离子溶液vdissolved in，溶入，溶入 in the present study，本研究，本研究vPreliminary experiment，预备试验，预备试验 With the addition of，外加，外加vDetermine by，视，视而定而定 Suspended
29、in，悬浮在，悬浮在vDistilled water，蒸馏水，蒸馏水 Magnetic stirrer，磁力搅拌器，磁力搅拌器vPowder diffractometer，粉末衍射仪，粉末衍射仪 In the absence of，缺乏，缺乏vPiled into，挤入，挤入 Micro cell，微型比色槽，微型比色槽vDate acquisition，数据采集，数据采集TemplatesThe research we have done suggests an increase in我我们们所做的研究表明增加所做的研究表明增加.This fruitful work gives an exp
30、lanation of这这种卓有成效的工作种卓有成效的工作给给出了一个解出了一个解释释.Our experimental data are briefly summarized as follows我我们对实验们对实验数据数据进进行了行了简简要要总结总结如下如下.Figure3 shows the results obtained from studies of图图3表示从研究中得到表示从研究中得到.的的结结果果Table 5 presents the data provided by the experiments on表表5中列出以上所提供的中列出以上所提供的实验实验数据数据.This t
31、able summarized the data collected during the experiment of该该表表总结总结了了实验实验期期间间收集的数据收集的数据.TemplatesSome of the authors findings are listed in tables.表中列出了一些作者的发现。表中列出了一些作者的发现。The direct outcome was then reported in直接的结果在报告直接的结果在报告.Sufficient result forhas been observed with the new method有效的结果有效的结果.用新的方法被观察到用新的方法被观察到.This work did provide这项工作也提供这项工作也提供.Most recent experiments to the same effect have led the authors to believe that大部分的实验达到同样的效果，以至于笔者认为，大部分的实验达到同样的效果，以至于笔者认为，.As a result of our experiments,we concluded that从实验结果中我们可以推断从实验结果中我们可以推断.谢谢大家！
