句子成分和基本句型的讲解课件

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1、2024/8/291英语语法英语语法句子成分句子成分和和基本句型基本句型2024/8/2922024/8/293什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？！I am a teacher.I am a teacher.Are you a student?Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !How beautiful the girl is !2024/8/29

2、4现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（七种：主语（subjectsubject）、谓语（）、谓语（predicatepredicate）、表）、表语（语（predicativepredicative）、宾语（）、宾语（objectobject）、定语）、定语（attributeattribute）、状语）、状语(adverbial) (adverbial) 和补语和补语（complementcomplement）。）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五

3、种基本句型及英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？2024/8/2951.1.主语主语(Subject)(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。的主体，常位于句首。但在但在there bethere be结构、疑问句（主语不是结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构助动词或

4、情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。表示。2024/8/2961.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are

5、girls.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名

6、词）（名词化的形容词）2024/8/2977.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2024/8/298句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(

7、 ( 一一 ) )(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2024/8/299谓语谓语谓语谓语 (Predicate) (Predicat

8、e) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：。谓语的构成如下：1 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如： He practices running every He practices running every morning.morning. The plane took off at ten The plane took off at ten o oclock.clock.2024/8/2910谓语谓语 2 2 2 2

9、、复合谓语：、复合谓语：、复合谓语：、复合谓语：（1 1 1 1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. You may keep the book for two weeks. You may keep the book for two weeks. You may keep the book for two weeks. （2 2 2 2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形, , , ,

10、现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词, , , ,过去分词构成。如：过去分词构成。如：过去分词构成。如：过去分词构成。如： Do you speak EnglishDo you speak EnglishDo you speak EnglishDo you speak English？ They are working in a field.They are working in a field.They are working in a field.They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. He has caught a bad

11、 cold. He has caught a bad cold. He has caught a bad cold. （3 3 3 3）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students.We are students.We are students.We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。2024/8/29111. Tom didnt do his h

12、omework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework2. What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is3. We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor4. He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music5. Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. w

13、hom D. book2024/8/2912表语表语表语表语(Predicative)(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seemlook, grow, turn, seem等）之后。等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： 2

14、024/8/29131.Our teacher of English is an 1.Our teacher of English is an AmericanAmerican. .（名词）（名词）2.Is it 2.Is it yoursyours? ?（代词）（代词）3.The weather has turned 3.The weather has turned coldcold. .（形容词）（形容词）4.The speech is 4.The speech is exciting.exciting.（分词）（分词）5.Three times seven is 5.Three time

15、s seven is twenty onetwenty one? ?（数词）（数词）2024/8/29146.His job is 6.His job is to teach Englishto teach English. .（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is 7.His hobby is playing footballplaying football. .（动名词）（动名词）8.The meeting is 8.The meeting is of great importanceof great importance. .（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Time is 9.Ti

16、me is upup. The class is . The class is overover. .（副词）（副词）10.The truth is 10.The truth is that he has never been abroadthat he has never been abroad. .（表语从句）（表语从句）2024/8/2915 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all beca

17、me interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.2024/8/2916在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: :be(am,is,are,were,was)be(am,is,are,were,was)状态：状态：seem, appear, prove -seem, appear, prove -感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, looksmell, feel, taste, sound, look变化：变化：become, get, tur

18、n, go, come, growbecome, get, turn, go, come, grow持续：持续：remain, stay, keep,remain, stay, keep,2024/8/2917I. I. 常用作连系动词：常用作连系动词：变成变成, ,变得：变得：become, come, fall, get, go, become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turngrow, run, turn口诀：好是口诀：好是comecome，坏是，坏是go;go;天气、外貌慢慢天气、外貌慢慢grow; grow; 流水、金钱缓缓流水、金钱缓缓r

19、un; run; 颜色、天气大不同颜色、天气大不同turnturn；Get Get becomebecome口语化，如果要说就用它口语化，如果要说就用它. .口诀解读：口诀解读：Come Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。如：如：Dreams come true. Dreams come true. 梦想成真。梦想成真。Go Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。如：如：Its such a hot day today that this Its such a hot day today that this d

20、ish has gone smelly.dish has gone smelly.今天太热了，菜都馊了。今天太热了，菜都馊了。2024/8/2918Grow Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如：我想和你一起慢慢变老。如：我想和你一起慢慢变老。 I want to grow old with you. I want to grow old with you. Run Run 与与grow grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。是对应的，其主语多为

21、能流动，能消耗的东西。如：如：Still water runs deep.Still water runs deep.静水深流。静水深流。TurnTurn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。与之前大不相同。如：如：The weather suddenly turned hot.The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。天气突然变热了。2024/8/29194. 4. 宾语宾语(Object)(Object)：宾语表示动作的对：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后

22、面。动词和介词后面。宾语种类宾语种类：（1 1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+ +直接宾语）直接宾语）Lend Lend me your dictionaryme your dictionary. .（2 2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+ +宾补）宾补）They elected They elected him their monitorhim their monitor. . 2024/8/2920宾语宾语宾语（宾语（ObjectObject）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is d

23、oing his homework.1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）2024/8/29214.They

24、helped the old with their housework yesterday.4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think7.I think（thatthat）he is fit for his office.he is fit for hi

25、s office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）2024/8/2922宾语种类宾语种类：（1 1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+ +直接宾语），例如：直接宾语），例如：Lend Lend me your dictionaryme your dictionary, please., please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, re

26、ad, tell, bring, throwthrow等，等，“七给七给”一一“带带”toto不少不少例如：例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, saveFor: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：等，例如： She boug

27、ht a gift for her mother.She bought a gift for her mother.（2 2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+ +宾补），例如：宾补），例如：They elected They elected him their monitorhim their monitor. .2024/8/2923下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect,

28、fail, help, hope, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, refuse, want, wish, desiredesire等，如：等，如： He refused He refused to lend me his bike.to lend me his bike.2024/8/2924下列动词只能接动名词做宾

29、语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid, advise, admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggestsuggest等，如：等，如： John has admitted John has admitted breaking the breaking the windowwindow . .2024/8/2

30、925(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he

31、 was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.2024/8/2926 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（ Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week

32、. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?2024/8/2927下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如宾语，但意义不同，如mean, try, mean, try, remember, forget, regretremember, forget, regret等。等。forget to forget to dodo表示表示“未发生的动作未发生的动作”，forget

33、 forget doingdoing表示表示“已完成的动作已完成的动作”。如：。如：Dont forget to come here earlier Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(tomorrow.(还没来还没来) )I forgot returning the book to I forgot returning the book to him.him.( (书已还给他了书已还给他了) )2024/8/2928宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语（宾语补足语（Object Object ComplementComplement），用于补充说

34、明宾语的动），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：的动词有：telltell，letlet，helphelp，teachteach， askask，seesee，havehave，orderorder，makemake等。等。“宾宾补补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：如：2024/8/29291.His father named him Xiaoming.1.His

35、 father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustn4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.t force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We

36、found everything in the lab in good order.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）2024/8/2930宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在

37、宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go, I If you let me go, Ill make you king.ll make you king. Leave the door open. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.We

38、 found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called. I heard my name called.2024/8/2931 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children

39、to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?2024/8/2932主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后, ,宾语补足语变成

40、主补宾语补足语变成主补. . I last saw him playing near the river. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen He was last seen playing near the riverplaying near the river. .The teacher caught the student cheating in The teacher caught the student cheating in the examthe exam The student was caught T

41、he student was caught cheating in the examcheating in the exam We made him monitor.We made him monitor.He was made He was made monitor.monitor.He pushed the door open.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed The door was pushed openopen. .2024/8/2933定语定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Att

42、ribute)(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a1.Guilin is a beautiful beautiful city.city.（形容词）（形容词）2.China is a 2.China is a developing developing country; America is a country; America is a developeddeveloped country. country.（分词）（分词） 3.There are thirty3.There are thirty women women teac

43、hers in our school. teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4.His 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）2024/8/29345.Our monitor is always the first5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom to enter the classroom. .（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6

44、.The 6.The teachingteaching plan for next term has been worked out. plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）7.He is reading an article 7.He is reading an article about how to learn Englishabout how to learn English. .（介词短语）（介词短语）8.She is the girl 8.She is the girl who sings best in my class

45、who sings best in my class. . ( (定语从句定语从句) )2024/8/2935(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the

46、other shoe!2024/8/2936状语状语( (adverbial modifieradverbial modifier) ) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（AdveAdverbialrbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 2.He has lived in

47、 the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）2024/8/29374.He is in the room making a model plane.4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.5

48、.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）2024/8/29389种状语种类如下： 1. How about meeting again 1. How about meeting again at sixat six? ?2.Last night she didn2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party t go to the dance party because of the ra

49、inbecause of the rain. .3.I shall go there 3.I shall go there if it doesnif it doesnt raint rain. . 4.Mr Smith lives 4.Mr Smith lives on the third flooron the third floor. . 5.She put the eggs into the basket 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great carewith great care. .（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语

50、）（方式状语）2024/8/2939 She came in She came in with a dictionary in her handwith a dictionary in her hand. .6.In order to catch up with the others6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. , I must work harder. 7.He was so tired 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediatelythat he f

51、ell asleep immediately. . 8.She works very hard 8.She works very hard though she is oldthough she is old. .9.I am taller 9.I am taller than he isthan he is. .（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）2024/8/2940 （九）同位语（九）同位语（AppositiveAppositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如

52、：句担任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.our headmaster.（十）插入语（十）插入语（ParenthesisParenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,To be frank, I don I dont quite agree with you.t quite

53、 agree with you.2024/8/2941(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because

54、 she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.2024/8/2942练习练习一一. .指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. 1. The studentsThe students got on the got on the schoolschool bus. bus.2. He handed 2. He handed me me the n

55、ewspaper.the newspaper.3. I 3. I shall answer shall answer your question your question after class.after class.4. What a 4. What a beautifulbeautiful Chinese painting! Chinese painting!5. They went 5. They went huntinghunting together together early in the morningearly in the morning. .S.AttributeO.

56、PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial2024/8/29436. 6. HisHis job is job is to train swimmersto train swimmers. .7. He took 7. He took many photos of the palacesmany photos of the palaces in Beijingin Beijing. .8. 8. There is going to beThere is going to be an American filman American film to

57、night. tonight.9. He 9. He is to leave for Shanghaiis to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. tomorrow.10. 10. His wishHis wish is is to become a scientistto become a scientist. .11. He 11. He managedmanaged to finish the work in timeto finish the work in time. .12. Tom came 12. Tom came to ask me for advic

58、eto ask me for advice. .13. He found13. He found it it important important to master Englishto master English. .AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAdverbialAO.AO.RO.2024/8/294414. Do you have 14. Do you have anythinganything else else to sayto say?

59、?15. 15. To be honestTo be honest，your pronunciation is not your pronunciation is not soso good. good.16. Would you please tell 16. Would you please tell me your addressme your address? ?17. He sat 17. He sat therethere, , reading a newspaper.reading a newspaper.18. 18. ItIt is is our dutyour duty t

60、o keep our classroom to keep our classroom clean and tidyclean and tidy. .19. He noticed a man 19. He noticed a man enter the room.enter the room.20. The apples tasted 20. The apples tasted sweet.sweet.O.O.AttributAttribute eParenthesisParenthesisO.O.AdverbialAdverbialAdverbialAdverbialAS.AS.Predica

61、tivePredicativeO.C.O.C.O.C.O.C.PredicativePredicative2024/8/2945指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 11. He 11. He managedmanaged to finish the work in timeto finish the work in time. .12. Tom came 12. Tom came to ask me for adviceto ask me for advice. .13. He found13. He found it it important importa

62、nt to master Englishto master English. .14. Do you have 14. Do you have anythinganything else else to sayto say? ?15. 15. To be honestTo be honest; your pronunciation is not ; your pronunciation is not soso good.good.16. Would you please tell 16. Would you please tell me your addressme your address?

63、 ?17. He sat 17. He sat therethere, , reading a newspaper.reading a newspaper.18. 18. ItIt is is our dutyour duty to keep our classroom to keep our classroom clean and clean and tidytidy. .19. He noticed a man 19. He noticed a man enter the room.enter the room.20. The apples tasted 20. The apples ta

64、sted sweet.sweet.2024/8/29462024/8/2947按句子的结构分为三种按句子的结构分为三种: :简单句简单句 (simple (simple sentence)sentence) 并列句并列句 (compound (compound sentence)sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)(complex sentence)2024/8/2948( (一一).).简单句简单句: : 只有只有一个一个主语主语( (或并列主语或并列主语) ) 和和一个一个谓语谓语( (或并列谓语或并列谓语):): . .Tom Tom likes roc

65、k music.likes rock music. . .Tom and JohnTom and John are fond of are fond of rock music. rock music. . .TomTom sat down at his desk sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.and began to do his homework.2024/8/2949简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型2024/8/2950种类种类类型类型主语主语S谓语谓语动词动词v表语表语/宾宾语语p宾语宾语0宾补宾补oc第第1

66、种种S+VWework第第种种He playsviolin.第第种种We arestudens第第种种S+v+IO+DO shegave me a pen.第第种种S+V+O+OC He made melaugh2024/8/2951I am a webaholic.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。我是一个网虫。Chatting on the internet is interesting. Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。我喜欢网上聊天。Internet dating hurts.Internet dating

67、 hurts.网恋有害。网恋有害。I like chatting online.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。我喜欢网上聊天。Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。We can call internet addicts a webaholic.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。我们管网

68、上一隐君子叫网虫。2024/8/2952基本句型基本句型一：一：（主系表）（主系表）（是系动词）（是系动词） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 4. Everything looks different. 5.

69、 He is growing tall and strong. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The troubleis that they are short of 6. The troubleis that they are short of money. money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. Our well has gone dry. 7. Our well has gone dry. 我们井干枯我们井干枯了。了。 8. His face turned red. 8. His face turned red. 他的脸红他

70、的脸红了。了。2024/8/2953系动词包括系动词包括BeBe动词以及一些表示感官动词以及一些表示感官的动词。的动词。高考经常考查的系动词高考经常考查的系动词: : . . “变得变得” _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _._. . . “看起来看起来”_,_,_ _,_,_ “闻起来闻起来” _ _ “尝起来尝起来” _ “摸起来摸起来” _ _ “听起来听起来”_ 主语主语+ +系动词系动词+ +表语表语 (S+V+P)(S+V+P) get become get becometurn go turn go growgrow look seem appearlook se

71、em appearsmellsmelltastetastefeelfeelsoundsound2024/8/2954系动词的用法系动词的用法: (: (注意三点注意三点) ) +_+_作表语作表语; ; 系动词系动词无无 _;_; 无无 _;_; e.g. The dish e.g. The dish _._. ( (尝起来好吃尝起来好吃) The ) The story _.story _. ( (听起来有趣听起来有趣).).adj. adj. 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态tastes delicioustastes delicioussounds interestingsounds inte

72、resting2024/8/2955一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第第第第一一一一类类类类：表表表表示示示示特特特特征征征征或或或或状状状状态态态态的的的的，有有有有bebebebe， looklooklooklook， feelfeelfeelfeel， seemseemseemseem， appearappearappearappear， smellsmellsmellsmell， tastetastetastetaste， soun

73、dsoundsoundsound， turn turn turn turn outoutoutout（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。 He seems to be ill. He seems to be ill. It appears that he is unhappy. It appears that he is unhappy. The roses smell sweet. The roses smell sweet. How sweet the music sounds! How sweet the music sounds! T

74、he day turned out (to be) a fine one.The day turned out (to be) a fine one. 2024/8/2956第第二二类类：表表示示从从一一种种状状态态到到另另一一种种状状态态的的变变化化，有有becomebecome， getget， growgrow， turnturn， fallfall， gogo， comecome， runrun等。等。 Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Marys face went red. Marys f

75、ace went red. His dream has come true. His dream has come true. The boys blood ran cold.The boys blood ran cold. 2024/8/29572024/8/2958第第三三类类：表表示示保保持持状状态态的的，有有keepkeep， remainremain， continuecontinue，staystay等。等。 Keep quiet, children! Keep quiet, children! The The weather weather continued continued

76、 fine fine for for a a long long time. time. It remains to be proved.It remains to be proved. 2024/8/2960 所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。 Our future will be beautiful. Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy today. She looks unhappy today. Do you feel coldDo you feel cold？ You

77、 seem/appear ill. You seem/appear ill. The food tastes delicious.The food tastes delicious. The weather is turning/ growing/ The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting cold. becoming/ getting cold. He often went hungry.He often went hungry. 2024/8/2962 能能接接从从句句的的有有：bebe， seemseem， appearappe

78、ar， soundsound， looklook等。等。 ThatThats why he fell ill.s why he fell ill. My idea is that we should help him.My idea is that we should help him. It It seems/ seems/ appears appears to to me me that that something something is is wrong. wrong. It It sounds sounds to to me me as as if if someone someo

79、ne were were trying trying to to get into the house. get into the house. Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain.2024/8/2966一一. .纵纵观观历历年年的的高高考考题题，对对系系动动词词的的考考查查一一直直是是高高考考中中非非常常重重要要的的热热点点之之一一，对

80、对于于考考生生来来说说也也是是难难点点所在。所在。高高考考对对系系动动词词考考查查的的覆覆盖盖面面广广，涉涉及及的的系系动动词词较较多多，重重点点考考查查的的是是 get get ，其其次次是是 feel feel 和和 remain remain ，考查的难度在逐年增大。考查的难度在逐年增大。二二 . . 对表示状态变化的系动词的考查对表示状态变化的系动词的考查英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有 get get ， turn turn ， turn out turn out （结果是（结果是），）， go go ， come come （成为），（成为）

81、， fall fall ， become become 等。等。 2024/8/29671. 1. 对对 get get 的考查的考查 get get 表表示示状状态态的的改改变变，意意为为“变变成成，变变得得，做做成成”，它它后后面面可可以以接接形形容容词词、 v-ing v-ing 形形式式、过过去分词等。去分词等。 Sarah, Sarah, hurry hurry up. up. Im Im afraid afraid you you wont wont have time to _ before the party. have time to _ before the party.

82、A. get changed B. get change A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change C. get changing D. get to change 2024/8/2968 Be Be careful careful when when you you cross cross this this very very busy busy street, street, if if not, not, you you may may _ _ run run over over by by a a ca

83、r. car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn A. have B. get C. become D. turn As As we we joined joined the the big big crowd crowd I I got got _ _ from my friends. from my friends. A. A. separated separated B. B. spared spared C. C. lost lost D. D. missed missed 分析：例分析：例分析：例分析：例中考查的是中考查的是中考查的是中考查的是“ ge

84、t get get get 过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词”构成的系表结构。例构成的系表结构。例构成的系表结构。例构成的系表结构。例 get changed get changed get changed get changed 意为意为意为意为“换衣服换衣服换衣服换衣服”，例，例，例，例 get run over get run over get run over get run over 意为意为意为意为“碾过，压过碾过，压过碾过，压过碾过，压过”，例，例，例，例 get separated get separated get separated get separated 意思是意思是

85、意思是意思是“冲散，分离冲散，分离冲散，分离冲散，分离”，所以正确答，所以正确答，所以正确答，所以正确答案分别是案分别是案分别是案分别是 A A A A 、 B B B B 、 A A A A 2024/8/29692. 2. 对对 go go 的考查的考查系系动动词词 go go 的的意意义义是是“变变成成，成成为为”，后后多多跟跟形形容容词词，如如 go go bad, bad, go go mad, mad, go go wrong, wrong, go go hungry, go sour hungry, go sour 等。例如：等。例如： On On hearing hearin

86、g the the news news of of the the accident accident in coal mine, she _ pale. in coal mine, she _ pale. A. A. got got B. B. changed changed C. C. went went D. D. appeared appeared 分析：该题考查的是分析：该题考查的是“ go+adj. go+adj. ”系表系表结构。结构。 got got 和和 changed changed 不能与不能与 pale pale 搭配搭配起来表达这一状态的变化，而起来表达这一状态的变化

87、，而 appeared appeared 是是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是 C C 。 2024/8/29703. 3. 对对 fall fall 的考查的考查系系动动词词 fall fall 表表示示“（不不知知不不觉觉地地或或突突然然地地）进进入入状状态态”，后后常常跟跟形形容容词词、副副词词或或介介词词短短语语等等，如如： fall fall ill ill （生生病病）， fall fall apart apart （散散开开）， fall fall asleep, asleep, fall fall into into a a deep

88、deep sleep sleep （睡熟）。例如：（睡熟）。例如： As As she she _ _ the the newspaper, newspaper, Granny Granny _ asleep. _ asleep. A.read; A.read; was was falling falling B. B. was was reading; reading; fell fell C. C. was was reading; reading; was was falling falling D. D. read; read; fell fell 分析：该题第二空考查的是系动词分析：

89、该题第二空考查的是系动词“ fall+adj. fall+adj. ”结构，结构， fall asleep fall asleep 是短暂性动词短语，不是短暂性动词短语，不能用于进行时态，故正确答案是能用于进行时态，故正确答案是 B B 。2024/8/2971三三 . . 对表示状态存在的系动词的考查对表示状态存在的系动词的考查常常常常见见见见的的的的有有有有 be, be, be, be, seem, seem, seem, seem, appear, appear, appear, appear, look, look, look, look, feel, feel, feel, fe

90、el, smell, smell, smell, smell, sound, sound, sound, sound, keep, keep, keep, keep, taste, taste, taste, taste, remain, remain, remain, remain, prove, prove, prove, prove, stay, stay, stay, stay, lie lie lie lie （处于某种状态），（处于某种状态），（处于某种状态），（处于某种状态）， stand stand stand stand （处于某种状态）等。（处于某种状态）等。（处于某种状态

91、）等。（处于某种状态）等。 1. 1. 1. 1. 对对对对 remain remain remain remain 的考查的考查的考查的考查系系系系动动动动词词词词 remain remain remain remain 的的的的意意意意思思思思是是是是“保保保保持持持持，继继继继续续续续，依依依依然然然然不不不不变变变变”，后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。，后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。，后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。，后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。 Having Having Having Having a a a a tr

92、ip trip trip trip abroad abroad abroad abroad is is is is certainly certainly certainly certainly good good good good for for for for the the the the old old old old couple, couple, couple, couple, but but but but it it it it remains remains remains remains _ _ _ _ whether whether whether whether th

93、ey they they they will enjoy it. will enjoy it. will enjoy it. will enjoy it. A. A. to to see see B. B. to to be be seen seen C.seeing C.seeing D. D. seenseen 2024/8/2972 Although Although he he has has taken taken a a lot lot of of medicine, his health _ poor. medicine, his health _ poor. A. proves

94、 B. remainsA. proves B. remainsC. maintains D. continues C. maintains D. continues 分析：例分析：例中的中的 remain remain 是个半系是个半系动词，动词，“有待被看，证实有待被看，证实”，所以应用不定，所以应用不定式的被动式，故答案是式的被动式，故答案是 B B 。例。例中中 remain remain poor poor 意为意为“仍然很差仍然很差”， maintain maintain 意为意为“维持，保持，继续维持，保持，继续”，不与形容词，不与形容词 poor poor 连连用，所以正确答案是

95、用，所以正确答案是 B B 。 2024/8/29732. 2. 对对 stay stay 的考查的考查 stay stay 意意为为“保保持持原原状状，维维持持”，后后面面可可以接形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。以接形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。 The weather has stayed warm all week. The weather has stayed warm all week. Why Why dont dont you you put put the the meat meat in in the the fridge? fridge? It It will will

96、_ _ fresh fresh for for several several days. days. A. be stayed B. stay A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed C. be staying D. have stayed 分析：该题考查的是系动词分析：该题考查的是系动词 stay stay 后接形后接形容词（容词（ fresh fresh ）的系表结构，它表示一种存在）的系表结构，它表示一种存在的状态，主动形式表示被动意义，这种结构一的状态，主动形式表示被动意义，这种结构一般不能用于进行时态，所以正确答案是般不能

97、用于进行时态，所以正确答案是 B B 。 2024/8/2975分析：句意是分析：句意是“一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道一切事情。看上去已经知道一切事情。”句中句中 tell tell 后面没有后面没有宾语，故用不定式的被动式，又因为宾语，故用不定式的被动式，又因为“知道一切知道一切”发生在发生在“告诉真相告诉真相”之前，要用完成式。所以正确之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是答案是 D D 。4. 4. 对对 feel feel 的考查的考查 feel feel 的意思是的意思是“感觉是，似乎感觉是，似乎”，后常，后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等。接形容

98、词、副词、介词短语等。 I love to go to the seaside in I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes makes 2024/8/2976 - Do you like the materi

99、al? - Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft.- Yes, it _ very soft.A.is A.is feeling feeling B.felt B.felt C.feels C.feels D.is D.is felt felt 分析：这两道考题考查的是分析：这两道考题考查的是“ fell+adj. fell+adj. ”的的系表结构。例系表结构。例中中 feel good feel good 意为意为“感觉舒服感觉舒服”；例；例 feel soft feel soft 意为意为“摸上去软和摸上去软和”，此，此时，主动结

100、构表示被动的含义。所以正确答案分时，主动结构表示被动的含义。所以正确答案分别是别是 B B 和和 C C 。 2024/8/29775. 5. 对系动词对系动词 look look 的考查的考查 look look 有有“看看来来，显显得得”等等意意，后后面面常常接接形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等。形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等。 The The plan plan looks looks good good on on paper, paper, but but will will it it work? work? 这这个个计计划划从从表表面面上上看看来来不不错错，但但能能行行

101、得得通通吗吗？ -You dont look very _. Are you ill? -You dont look very _. Are you ill? - No,Im just a bit tired.- No,Im just a bit tired.A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy 分析：尽管提供的四个备选项都是形容词，分析：尽管提供的四个备选项都是形容词，但但 look well look well 的意思是的意思是“看上去气色好看上去气色好”，符合对话的语境，故正确答

102、案是，符合对话的语境，故正确答案是 B B 。2024/8/29786. 6. 对对 sound sound 的考查的考查 sound sound 有有“听听起起来来，令令人人觉觉得得，似似乎乎”等等含含义义，后后面面可可以以接接形形容容词词、名名词词短短语语、介介词词短短语语、不定式等。不定式等。 She She sounds sounds to to be be a a very very strange strange woman. woman. 听起来她似乎是一个非常古怪的女人。听起来她似乎是一个非常古怪的女人。 What he said sounds _ . What he said

103、 sounds _ . A. nicely B. pleasantlyA. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully C. friendly D. wonderfully 分析：四个选项中只有分析：四个选项中只有分析：四个选项中只有分析：四个选项中只有 friendly friendly friendly friendly 是形容词，可以是形容词，可以是形容词，可以是形容词，可以和和和和 sound sound sound sound 连用构成系表结构，其他三项都是副词，连用构成系表结构，其他三项都是副词，连用构成系表结构，其他三项都是副词

104、，连用构成系表结构，其他三项都是副词，只能作状语不能作表语，所以正确答案是只能作状语不能作表语，所以正确答案是只能作状语不能作表语，所以正确答案是只能作状语不能作表语，所以正确答案是 C C C C 。 2024/8/29797. 7. 对对 taste taste 的考查的考查 taste taste 在在使使用用时时不不用用进进行行时时态态，含含义义是是“尝尝起起来来，有有某某种种特特殊殊的的味味道道”，一一般般接接形形容容词词构构成成系表结构。系表结构。 These These oranges oranges taste taste nice. nice. 这这些些橙橙子味道很好。子味道

105、很好。 These oranges taste _ . These oranges taste _ . A.good A.good B. B. well well C. C. to to be be good good D. D. to to be be well well 分析：分析： taste taste 是系动词，所以要用形容词是系动词，所以要用形容词 good good 作其表语。作其表语。 well well 作形容词时，意思是作形容词时，意思是“健康的健康的”，只能形容人，不能形容物。故正，只能形容人，不能形容物。故正确答案是确答案是 A A 。 2024/8/29808. 8.

106、 8. 8. 对对对对 smell smell smell smell 的考查的考查的考查的考查 smell smell smell smell 经常与形容词连用，意思是经常与形容词连用，意思是经常与形容词连用，意思是经常与形容词连用，意思是“闻起来，有闻起来，有闻起来，有闻起来，有气味，发出气味，发出气味，发出气味，发出的气味的气味的气味的气味”。 This book smells old. This book smells old. This book smells old. This book smells old. 这本书有一股霉味。这本书有一股霉味。这本书有一股霉味。这本书有一股霉味

107、。 We donWe donWe donWe dont care if a hunting dog smells t care if a hunting dog smells t care if a hunting dog smells t care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really don_, but we really don_, but we really don_, but we really dont want him to smell t want him to smell t want him to smell t want him

108、 to smell _ . _ . _ . _ . A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly D. bad; badly D. bad; badly D. bad; badly D. bad; badly 分析：第一空前的分析：第一空前的 smell smell 是不及物是不及物动词，意为动词，意为“嗅，闻，有嗅

109、觉嗅，闻，有嗅觉”，副词，副词 badly badly 修饰修饰 smells smells ；而第二空前的；而第二空前的 smell smell 是系动是系动词，与形容词词，与形容词 bad bad 构成系表结构。构成系表结构。答案为答案为D D2024/8/2981基本句型二：（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）（不及物动词） 1.1.The sun was shining. The sun was shining. 2. The universe remains. 2.

110、 The universe remains. 宇宙长宇宙长存。存。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.4. Who cares? 4. Who cares? 管它呢？管它呢？ 5. What he said does not matter. 5. What he said does not matter. 6. The pen writes smoothly6. The pen writes smoothly2024/8/29822. _2. _ Everybody works. Everybo

111、dy works. She left. She left. 高考经常考查的不及物动词高考经常考查的不及物动词: : “发生发生” _; _; _;_; _ ; _ ; _ _ _ “用完用完, ,用光用光”_;_._;_. . 不及物动词的用法不及物动词的用法: : 无无 _, _, 无无_ 主语主语 + + 谓语谓语 (S + (S + V)V)happen occurhappen occurtake place come take place come aboutaboutbreak outbreak outrun out give run out give outout 宾语宾语被动语态

112、被动语态2024/8/2983e.g. e.g. .“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化变化” Our school has taken place Our school has taken place great changes in the last few great changes in the last few years. (years. (改错改错) ) _ _. _. . Do you know what was . Do you know what was happened yesterday? happened yesterday? ( (

113、) )Great changes have taken place Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few in our school in the last few years.years.2024/8/2984主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语- -定语，谓语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰语- -状语。状语。如如: 1. : 1. The red sunThe red sun rises rises in the east.in the east.2. So they had to travel 2. So they

114、 had to travel by air or boat.by air or boat.3.We got up 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat 4. She sat therethere alonealone, , reading a novel.reading a novel.5. He came back 5. He came back when we were eating.when we were eating.6.6.Weak W

115、eak buildings will fall down buildings will fall down in an earthquakein an earthquake, , but strong ones may stay up.but strong ones may stay up.2024/8/2985巩固练习：巩固练习： 1 1会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 2 2在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化. .3 319191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五. .四四”运动。运动。4 4每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课

116、。 2. The meeting will last two hours.2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home 3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. town in the past ten years. The May Fourth Movement broke out The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in

117、1919. in Beijing in 1919. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 2024/8/2986巩固练习巩固练习： 5 5这个重五公斤。这个重五公斤。 6 6秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 7. 7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 This box weighs five kilos. This box weighs five kilos. In autumn, some birds fly to the In au

118、tumn, some birds fly to the south. south. Every afternoon a lot of students come to Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow booksthe library to borrow books. .2024/8/2987基本句型基本句型三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）构成宾语的代词必须是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格代词宾格，如：，如：meme，himhim，thethem m等等（及物动词）（及物动词） 1. Who know

119、s the answer? 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？谁知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。她微笑表示感谢。3. He has refused to help them. 3. He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。他拒绝帮他们。4. He enjoys reading. 4. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。他喜欢看书。5. They ate what was left over. 5. They ate wh

120、at was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。他们吃了剩饭。6. He said Good morning. 6. He said Good morning. 他说：他说：早上好！早上好！ 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。我想喝杯茶。 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误他承认犯了错误。 2024/8/2988巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一

121、封信。 2 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3 3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 4 4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。 5 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 I wrote a letter last night. I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon. I want to talk with you this afternoon. He has read this book many times. He has read this

122、 book many times. They have carried out the plan successfully. They have carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. fluently. 2024/8/2989巩固练习：巩固练习： 6 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7 7Jim Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 8

123、8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。 9. 9. 他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。 10. 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？ I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. Jim cannot dress himself. Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. All

124、of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say. He did not know what to say. Do you mind my opening the window? Do you mind my opening the window? 2024/8/2990基本句型基本句型四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 1. She ordered hersel

125、f a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。他给你带来了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 4. He denies her nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。他对她

126、什么都不拒绝。5. I told him that the bus was late. 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。我告诉他汽车晚点了。6. He showed me how to run the machine. 6. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。他教我开机器。 2024/8/2991但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词（人），则要借助于介词toto或或forfor。如：。如： He brings

127、cookies to me He brings cookies to me every day.every day. She made a beautiful dress She made a beautiful dress for me.for me.2024/8/2992用用toto侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助toto的）的）bring, bring, give, lend

128、, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, askreturn, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, draw, find, get,

129、make, order, sing, save, sparespare等。等。2024/8/2993巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1Johnson Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting s

130、tory last night. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 2024/8/2994巩固练习：巩固练习： 5 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为

131、你节省许多劳动。7 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。 Shall I call you a taxi? Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour. The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new coat for his mother 7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first monthwith h

132、is first months salary.s salary.2024/8/2995说明说明: : 此结构由此结构由“主语主语+ +及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。句意不够完整。The sun keeps us warm. The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. I heard him singing.You must get your hair

134、s |to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词I |saw |a cat |running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.2024/8/2997 用用 it it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语句型结构方式。即：主语+ +谓语谓语+it+it+宾补宾补+ +真正宾语。真正宾语。如：如：I found it very pleasant to be with your I

135、found it very pleasant to be with your family.family.2024/8/2998 巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1我们叫她我们叫她Alice. Alice. 2 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3 3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 4 4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7 7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8 8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We ca

136、ll her Alice.We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth.I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at The guards ordered us to leave at once.once. E

137、very morning we hear him read English aloud.Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut every month.He has his hair cut every month. We wonWe wont let her go out at night.t let her go out at night. 2024/8/29999 9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 1010她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。1111我从来没看见这个字这样

138、用过。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 1212他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。 1313我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 1414学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened.The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories.She is listening to someone telling

139、stories. I have never seen the word used that way before.I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you.He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problemI consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.

140、in another way. The school made it a rule that the students The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.should stand up when class begins. 2024/8/29100 英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 6 There be 句句型型说明：说明：此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+there+be+主语主语+ +状语状语”构构成，用以表达存在关系可以称成，用以表达存在关系可以

141、称“有有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be be 之后，之后，there there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用此句型有时不用bebe动词，而用动词，而用 live, live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrivestand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the There stands a hill in t

142、he middle of the park.park. Once upon a time there lived an old king Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.in the town.2024/8/29101 Be Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：时态和情态变化。如：现在有现在有 there is/are there is/are 过去有过去有 there was/werethere was/were 将来有将来有 there will bethe

143、re will be；there is /are there is /are going to be.going to be. 现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have beenthere has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be.there might be. 肯定有肯定有 there must be there must be /there must /there must have been. have been. 过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there seems/see

144、m/seemed to be there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened there happen/happens/happened to be to be 2024/8/29102巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。 2 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3 3天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。 4 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的战前这儿一直有家电影院的. . T

145、here was only a well in the village. There was only a well in the village. Among the guests there were two Americans and Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. two Frenchmen. The weatherman says thereThe weatherman says therell be a strong ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.

146、wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone in The light is on. There must be someone in the office. the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 2024/8/29103巩固练习：巩固练习：6 6恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。 7 7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。从前，在海边的一

147、个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 8 8公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。 9 9就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。 1010铃响了。铃响了。 There happened to be nobody in the room. There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. village by the sea. There comes the bus.There co

148、mes the bus.There remained only twenty There remained only twenty eight eight dollars.dollars. There goes the bell. There goes the bell. 2024/8/29104( (二二) )并列句并列句(compound (compound sentence):sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号并列连词或分号连连接起来，则成为一个并列接起来，则成为一个并列句。句。2024/8/29105常用并列连词常用并列连词平行并列连词平行并列

149、连词: : 转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词: : 选择并列连词选择并列连词: : and, and, bothboth.and.and., ., not only not only. but . but alsoalso.,., neither neither. nor. nor. . but,while,yetbut,while,yetfor, for, sosoor, or, 2024/8/29106请用合适的请用合适的并列连词并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to 1.He was tir

150、ed. He went to bed.bed.2.The dress is really beautiful.2.The dress is really beautiful. I can I cant afford it. t afford it. He was tiredHe was tired, , soso he went to he went to bed.bed. The dress is really The dress is really beautiful, beautiful, butbut I canI cant t afford it.afford it.2024/8/2

151、91073. Mary is cooking.3. Mary is cooking. John is greeting John is greeting guests.guests.Mary is cooking ,Mary is cooking ,and and / while / while John is John is greeting guests.greeting guests.2024/8/291084.He works hard. He also 4.He works hard. He also likes helping others.likes helping others

152、.HeHe not onlynot only works hard works hard butbut alsoalso likes helping likes helping others.others.2024/8/29109(三）复合句三）复合句: :主句主句+ +从句从句主句主句是一个是一个完整的句子完整的句子(independent (independent sentence),sentence),它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句从句必须和一个主句连用，不能独立必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在存在. .2024/8/29110When I get home at about Wh

153、en I get home at about tenten, , 1 1I look at some documents.I look at some documents. . 2 2请指出该复合句的主句和从句请指出该复合句的主句和从句: :从句从句主句主句2024/8/29111在复合句中，主要包含以下在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句类型从句： 1._ 2._ 3._ 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句2024/8/29112指出下列各从句的类型：指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope I hope th

154、at that everything is all everything is all right.right.vShe was reading the She was reading the newspaper newspaper when I came when I came inin. .vShe is the girl She is the girl who who sings best of all.sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句2024/8/29113Thats what people call the underground

155、in what people call the underground in LondonLondon. What What引导的表语从句引导的表语从句itits so crowded that I cans so crowded that I cant find t find so so thatthat引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句, ,如此如此以至于以至于We like to go walking where there are no We like to go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube.shops, cr

156、owds or the tube. where where引导地点状语从句引导地点状语从句We take a weekend break there when I am not We take a weekend break there when I am not too busy on the farm.too busy on the farm. When When 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句If the weather forecast is good, my friends If the weather forecast is good, my friends and I dr

157、ive to the countryside for a weekend and I drive to the countryside for a weekend break.break. If If 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句2024/8/29114I want to live in I want to live in a placea place where the air is freshwhere the air is fresh. .I want to live where the I want to live where the air is fresh.air is f

158、resh.定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句2024/8/29115请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。复合句。 vI Ill give the letter to him .I ll give the letter to him .I see him.see him. ( (时间状语从句时间状语从句) ) vI Ill give the letter to himll give the letter to him whenwhen I see him. I see him. as soon asas soon as the momentthe momen

159、t 2024/8/29116It is so crowded. It is so crowded. I canI cant find anywhere to sit. t find anywhere to sit. ( (把上面两个句子合成一个句子把上面两个句子合成一个句子) )It is It is so crowdedso crowded thatthat I I cant find anywhere to sitcant find anywhere to sit. .结果状语从句结果状语从句2024/8/29117The dress is beautiful. I The dress i

160、s beautiful. I cancant afford it. t afford it. ( (让步状语从句让步状语从句) )Although /Though Although /Though the dress the dress is beautiful, I canis beautiful, I cant t afford it.afford it.Beautiful Beautiful asas the dress the dress isis, I cant afford , I cant afford it.it.2024/8/29118See you See you next timenext time119可编辑感感谢下下载

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