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1、Unit 8 Section AUnit 8 Section ALegal and Moral Implications of CloningLegal and Moral Implications of CloningAIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS Our topic today is “Cloning”. Cloning, as its name implies, is the genetic term for producing an exact copy o
2、f an animal or plant by developing artificially a cell from it. But the birth of Dolly, a mammal clone, is like setting the cat among the pigeons. Lead-inLead-inBackground InformationBackground InformationDolly: Dolly (July 5, 1996 February 14, 2003) , a ewe, was the first mammal to have been succes
3、sfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in the United Kingdom and lived there until her death when she was 6. Idaho Gem The worlds first cloned mule, was born on May 4. He is an identical genetic copy of his brother, a champion racing mule called Taz, and the first c
4、lone to be born in the equine family.CcvThe worlds first cloned kitten, named Cc. It was created by scientists in Texas using a cell taken from an adult tortoiseshell female (see next picture). The photo, taken on December 22 2001 when the kitten was seven weeks old, was made public in February 2002
5、.Noel, Angel, Star, Joy, MaryvFive cloned piglets, born in Virginia, USA on March 5 2000. The worlds first cloned piglets were produced by PPL Therapeutics from an adult sow using a slightly different technique from the one that produced Dolly.DNA donor How is a cloned baby born?Background informati
6、on3. Whats the difference?The combination of genes is a fundamental basis for human variation anddiversity. All of the cloned childs genes would come from a _. The child w o u l d b e a g e n e t i c duplicate of that existingdonor.DNA donorWhy did the birth of Dolly become the focus of world opinio
7、n? 1)Because it stood for a big breakthrough in the genetic engineering;2)Because it became possible to clone human beings;3)Because it was a deformed product of science;TipsDiscussionDiscussionWhat are the pros and cons of cloning?PROS:vProduce animals with desirable traits. vIncrease the efficienc
8、y of the livestock production. vOffset losses of among endangered species populations. vEnable better research for finding cures to many diseases. vProvide children for parents who would like a child but cant have one for various reasons. vProvide parents with an opportunity to clone a child who has
9、 died. ReferencesCONS:vDecline in genetic diversity. vTaking nature into our own hands. vReligious and moral reasons. vPhysical problems, such as birth defects. vPossibility of mental and emotional problems of the clone. Watch and DiscussWatch and DiscussDirections: Watch the video and then discuss
10、the topics as follows:Video watching2. How should we exploit the cloning method to the best of human advantages?1. Would you like to be cloned once human cloning becomes a reality? Why or why not?KeyKeyBackWatch & Discuss(Open-ended) I would choose to be the first one to be cloned. In that case, the
11、re would be no limit to my enjoyment of life. While my clone would be in charge of whatever I dislike but have to do, such as homework and washing, I would be free to do whatever I take to, like traveling or playing video games. I would also tell him to make an appointment with my blind date while I
12、 would act as an onlooker. For moreBut for me, a clone of my self would bring a lot of trouble to my life. For one thing, he would deprive me of personal experience with life, which is of much help to my growth. For another, he would rob me of my intimacy with my beloved if he would take care of the
13、ir life instead of me. And worst of all, he would reflect upon me once he would do something awful. So that is the last thing for me to do.For moreBackWatch & Discuss Cloning must be exploited in a limited way. On the one hand, a fuller play should be given to its potentials which can bring benefits
14、 or profits to human society or help provide ways to ensure a better survival for human lives. For example, cloning can help scientists produce copy cows that make medicines in their milk. On the other hand, a complete ban must be imposed on the reproduction of the human beings who are made for fost
15、ering hostility toward human society or serving as humanity killing machines under the sway of terrorists. Once such a ban would be lifted for those ready to be deadly enemy to human societies, human cloning would work for our own destruction. Structure of TextThis part is about the worlds strong an
16、d immediate responses in the wake of Wilmuts announcement.This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.This part is intended to reaffirm the authors opinion that,although the list of questions could g
17、o on, people begin to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning.Para.1Para. 2-3Para. 4-18Para.19Reference Words: be amazed; worried 2. Questions to Comprehension1) How did the world
18、 react to the first successfully cloned sheep? (para.3)Reference Words: clone a child, transplant donor, substitute for the original; clone themselves2)What are the two board categories human cloning situations often fall into? (para.5)Reference Words: physically identical; share the same environmen
19、t, raised in the same family3) According to the author, why are twins more alike than clones? (para.9)Reference Words: increase the chances, tissue match4) Why do some parents want to save their fatally ill child through cloning? (para.12)Reference Words: technology, could be realized5) Could cloned
20、 animals be used as organ donors? (para.13)Reference Words: creation, new and disrespected social class6) What is the gravest concern about human cloning for society? (para.18)1.implication n. (Title) something that is suggestedI. Word UsingI resent your implication that my work is not satisfactory.
21、TranslationKey我讨厌别人暗示我，说我的工作做得不好。He was just plain stupid to give up this opportunity.他放弃这个机会简直是愚蠢至极。 TranslationKey2. plain adv. used to emphasize an adj. or adv. 我们倡导过简朴的生活。TranslationKey The meaning of the sentence is plain.2. plain adj. clearly visible simple We advocate plain living. 这句子的意思十分清楚
22、。 我必须坦白和你说。TranslationKey I must be plain with you. 2. plain adj. truthful and frank not attractive; not pretty or good-looking 这孩子相貌平平。 The kid has a plain face. 经过五年的努力工作，他升职在望。TranslationKeyAfter five years hard work, promotionseemed within his reach.3. within ones reach inside the distance that
23、can be touched我认为这种新产品会为公司带来很多利润。TranslationKeyI think this new product will generate a lotof profits for the company.4. generate vt. to cause something to exist; to produce价格降低后，销售量就上去了。TranslationKeySales were mounting after prices were lowered.5. mount vi. to increase in amount or degree地震过后，村子里没
24、有任何房子是完好无损的。TranslationKeyAfter the earthquake, no house remained intact in this village.6. intact adj. complete and not damaged这些考试和去年的考试相同。TranslationKeyThe tests are identical to those carried out last year. 7. be identical to/with exactly the same asWould a cloned human be identical to theorigin
25、al?Question他长得不好看，不像他母亲。TranslationKeyHe was not beautiful; he didnt resemble his mother. 8. resemble vt. to look or be alike esp. in appearance 9. refer to refer to sb. as = call as referto sb. /sth. =direct to sb./sth. for help go to sb. or look at sth. for information mention or talk about sb. /
26、sth. = mention + n. /clause9. refer toUse it What will you refer to cloning as? Ill refer to cloning as _. T: Complete the exercise without looking back to the text. S: Let me just refer to _. Complaints are usually referred to _.目击者说是故意纵火。TranslationKeyWitnesses say that the fire was deliberate.10.
27、 deliberate adj. doing something on purposee.g.The speech was a deliberate attempt to embarrass the government.Hes never been particularly concernedabout what other people think of him.TranslationKey他从不在意别人怎么看他。11. be concerned about/over to give ones attention to; to worry aboutIs there anything yo
28、u concerned aboutrecently? Whats it?Question1. The human cloning situation falls into two broad categories. 2. Parents could clone a 2nd child who resembled their 1st child.3. The differences are so minor that detection of them becomes very hard.typeslooked likediscoveryII. New to Old4. The concern
29、is the deliberate altering of genes to create human beings.5. The Europeans debated whether the unfamiliar inhabitants were human.planneddiscussed seriouslyimplicationThe Theory of Relativitygenetic engineering in theory guideline含义，暗示含义，暗示/ /牵连牵连相对论相对论基因工程基因工程理论上理论上指导原则，准则指导原则，准则III. English to Chi
30、nesethe splitting of the atomunder the name ofpersonality characteristicsdraft (vt.)be comparable to / with原子分裂原子分裂以以的名义的名义个性个性草拟草拟 / 征募征募,征召征召可与可与相比相比give birth tosucceed in doingin the wake offall intobe divided into bring into the worldcoming after achieve (vt.)IV. Matching Gamesa variety ofbreak
31、 apartcome into lifeget aroundpuzzle overbe alive/vividovercomeall kinds ofthink hard aboutcome aparttranstranstranstranstranstranstrans- means “across, into another place or state”.- means “across, into another place or state”.Prefixplantatlanticformportmigrateto put into the ground for growthof or
32、 about the Atlantic Oceanto give shape toto carryto move from one place to anotherV. Word Buildingto remove and plant in another placebeyond or cross the Atlanticto change the shape or formto carry from one place to anotherto move from one place to anotheraDebate NoYesIs human clone a good thing?Wat
33、ch three movie clips about cloning, then debate on the following topic.vfight fatal diseases vsave dying relativesvhelp infertile people have childrenvcreate geniusvextend human lifevenhance civilizationvcreate new immune systems (免疫系统)vgrow organs and tissues for transplant surgery (移植手术) Idea Shar
34、ingDebateTipsvdeny human rights vreduce variety of human gene poolvunsafe vabnormalities vbirth defectsva shorter lifevreligious objectionsvpsychological harmsvdegrade the quality of parenting and family lifeIdea SharingDebateIdea SharingDebating 1Idea SharingDebating 2Idea SharingDebating 3a Struct
35、ured Writinga Practical WritingI. Structured Writing1. Structure AnalysisListingIn an essay, a general statement or question can be answered or explained by a list of facts, reasons, possibilitiesand ideas. A List of FactsThe period 1986-1990 witnessed great changes in the diet of the Chinese people
36、. The consumption of grain decreased year by year, while that of milk and meat showed a steady increase. Theres clearly a marked shift away from the traditional grain-based diet to onecontaining more high-energy foodstuffs. 2. Samples Paragraph A List of FactsThe three changes are:Grain consumption
37、_;Milk and meat consumption _;Theres a _ from traditional grain-based diet to foodstuffs containing more high-energy.decreasedincreasedshift A List of ReasonsBasket ball is popular in many countries. One reason for this is that its inexpensive. A ball and a hoop are all you need. Moreover, its excit
38、ing. Theres always lots of action. Additionally, its a healthful sport that both men and women can play. Furthermore, its both an indoor and outdoor game. In warm countries the game is played outdoors all year. In coldcountries, its a winter game played indoors.inexpensiveexcitinghealthful sportboth
39、 anindoor and outdoor gameEach year, the loss of lives and property caused by floods totals hundreds of billions of dollars in the world. To solve the problem, man has to pay attention to the protection of vegetation (植被). Since plants can hold in place the top soil with their roots and slow the flo
40、w of water, less soil will be carried away if vegetation is well protected. Besides, man must lay stress on harnessing rivers by deepening river beds, strengthening river banks and changing rivercourses. A List of PossibilitiesA list of different ways to control flood include:protecting vegetation a
41、nd harnessing rivers by _ river beds;_ river banksand _ river courses.deepeningstrengtheningchanging A List of Possibilities A List of Advantages of human cloning fight fatal diseases save dying relatives help infertile people have children create genius extend human life enhance civilization create
42、 new immune systems (免疫系统) grow organs and tissues for transplant surgery (移植手术) A List of Disadvantages of human cloning deny human right; reduce variety of human and gene pool; unsafe abnormalities birth defects a shorter life religious objections religious objections psychological harms degrade t
43、he quality of parenting & family life3. Tips for writingWrite a strong topic sentence.Turn it into a question and answer it by listing facts, ideas, reasons, possibilities with proper link words.Make a logical conclusion.4. Your TaskWrite a paragraph with a general statement explained by listing on
44、one of the following topics.My Major in Mechanical Engineering For your referenceA list of reasons of my decision:enjoy math and physics; family tradition;a variety of jobsThere were three reasons why I decided to choose mechanical engineering. The most important one was that I had always enjoyed bo
45、th math and physics, and mechanical engineering seemed about the best way to combine these two. Secondly my father had been an engineer and had always encouraged me to do something similar. Lastly, I am sure there would always be a wide variety of jobsavailable for qualified engineers.My Major in Mechanical Engineering
