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1、ing 形式作状语形式作状语The Present Participle as Adverbialing分词作状语可以表示时间分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因原因, 结果结果, 条件条件, 让步让步,方式或伴随情况方式或伴随情况等等。-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。构成。-ing分分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以形式（以do为例）为例）主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeingdone完成式完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1._(作作为一名学生）一名学生）,he
2、wasinterestedinbooks.（be)2._(被一个陌生人跟着被一个陌生人跟着),shewasafraidofbeingrobbed.(follow)3._（回完信后），回完信后），shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.（answer)4._(参参观完完实验室之后），室之后），weweretakentoseethelibrary.（visit)5._(被告之了很多次被告之了很多次),hestillmadethesamemistake.(tell)Being a studentHaving answered the letterHaving visited th
3、e labHaving been told many timesBeing followed by a stranger1. -ing分词的否定形式是由分词的否定形式是由not 加加-ing-ing分词构成分词构成e.g. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. _(没有完成没有完成) the programme, they had to stay there for another two weeks. (complete)
4、Not having completed_(没有能完成没有能完成) his work, he was punished by his boss. (able, finish)Not being able to finish注意要点注意要点2. 2. 分词分词( (短语短语) )作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。面加上它的逻辑主语。1. Comparing all the great people with each oth
5、er, youll find that they have much in common. 2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.分析分析:前两例中前两例中,-ing,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中最后一例中having gonehaving gone的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是 the train the train。 但但是，是，Generallyspea
6、king,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.这类现在分在分词被称之被称之为“悬垂分垂分词/评注性状注性状语”，例如，例如:Given.(给予予.的的话）,totellyouthetruth（说实话）,considering.（考（考虑到）到）,supposing(假假设),generally(frankly,honestly)speaking,judgingfrom(从从判断判断),talkingof,speakingof（谈到
7、到).e.g.Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花随着时间的推移，他的头发变花.Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。3.3.“with/without+“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing+-ing分词分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。_(随着时间的推移随着时间的推移),mothershairbecamegrey
8、.(with,go)_(随着时间的推移随着时间的推移),mothershairbecamegrey.(as,go)With time going by/onAs time went by/on4.分词短语做状语时分词短语做状语时,分词短语和句子之间不能用连词分词短语和句子之间不能用连词(如如but，and)，因为连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只因为连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分是全句的一个状语部分,分词和主句之间可用逗号。分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如例如:Havingbeentoldmanytimes，buthestillcouldntunderstandit.H
9、ewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.(Havingbeen)toldmanytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.1._(看着同学们的脸看着同学们的脸),Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.(look)2.Lucy,_(努力找工作努力找工作)formonths,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(struggle)3.Thenewsshockedthepublic,_(导致了导致了)greatconcernabouts
10、tudentssafetyatschool.(lead)4._(没有收到她的来信没有收到她的来信),Iwroteheranotherone,_(告诉她告诉她)whatIwantedhertodo.(hear,tell)5.Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,_(密切关注密切关注)forbargains.(keep)Looking at the classmates faceshaving struggled to find a jobleading toNot having heard from hertelling herkeeping an eye out6._(从从看
11、看)thetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.(see)7.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,_(努力努力不不)missanypoint(try)8.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,_(旅行旅行)hismothertoallcornersoftheworld.(travel)9._(油漆成油漆成)red,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.(paint)10._(被困被困)inthechimneyf
12、orfivehours,thethieflookedverypale.(trap)Seen fromtrying not totraveling withHaving been painted/PaintedHaving been trapped/Trapped11. _(听到这个好消息听到这个好消息), they jumped with joy. (hear)(Upon/on) Hearing the good news12._(没有意识到没有意识到)the mistakes in his test paper, he didnt do well in the exam. (realize)
13、Not having realized13. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ (朝外看朝外看) the window. (look)looking out of14. He was busy doing his work last night, only _ (停下来停下来)have a cup of tea. (stop)stopping to15._(努力学努力学习),youllbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.(study)16._(努力学努力学习),andyoullbeadmittedtoakeyunive
14、rsity.(study)Studying hardStudy hard1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeMultiple-choice questions3.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_t
15、othenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语原因状语原因状语5Themissingsingerwaslastseen_thevoiceclosetothebridgeAexercisingBtobeexercisingCexerciseD
16、toexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheproject_thenextyearAcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtobecarriedout7._theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;Iwillcallyoulater.“A.rea
17、dB.readsC.toreadD.reading主语补足语主语补足语后置定语后置定语时间状语时间状语伴随状语伴随状语9._fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10._fortheterribleaccident,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame11.Wesleptwiththelight_allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12._hermotherhadcome,shesmiled.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Sheheard评注性状语评注性状语原因状语原因状语伴随状语伴随状语时间状语时间状语
