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1、高一(三)班百老师一、完形填空的特点是什么? 完形完形填填空是一空是一种种旨在考旨在考查学查学生生语语法和法和词词汇汇知知识综识综合合运运用能力的典型用能力的典型题题。文中平均。文中平均每隔每隔25个词个词左右左右设设空。空。学学生通生通过过推理判推理判断断,综综合分析等合分析等将将答案答案填填入空白入空白处处,使短文前,使短文前后后连贯连贯、意思通、意思通顺顺、结构结构完整合理。完整合理。 它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇,即重在文意的干扰,把具体的语言知识具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境语言情境中去,考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。(一)(一)从文章结构看从文章结构看1.首句通常不
2、设空,以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解,从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。2.短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。二、完形填空的设定规律有哪些?(二)从语言层次看(二)从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次,即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次.1.句子层次的设空句子层次的设空例:例:When I was thirteen 46 old, my father found a job in the city. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years答案:答案: D指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。2. 句群层次的设空
3、句群层次的设空前制性设空前制性设空后制性设空后制性设空指根据上下文的内容,经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目/下文某处有提示。一、根据“词语同现”解题“词语同现”,也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有同义、反义或相对关系,或者同类互补关系等,如differently与indifference;different与same,similar;cruel与friendly;ill与pale,patient,doctor,operation等,根据此相关信息确定答案。完形填空的解题技巧(一)二、根据“词语复现”解题“词语复现”
4、是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中“重复出现”。“词语复现”有原词复现,同源词复现(即同根词)、同义词或近义词复现,如ill与sickness,上下义复现(即概括与分述,如animal是sheep,tiger,wolf等的上义词;rose是flower的下义词);反义复现(如wrong与right)等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段,有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。完形填空的解题技巧(二)前制性设空前制性设空例:例:ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadt
5、o_infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!A.writeB.speakC.singD.danceB完形填空的解题技巧(三) 后制性设空后制性设空例:例:1).Nobody_himinthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,“Iknowyoudontlikeme”A.believedB.likedC.hatedD.knew2).Countrymusiccomesfrom_kindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedSta
6、tes.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.manyB.allC.twoD.threeBC完形填空的解题技巧(四) 语篇性设空语篇性设空 IworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoorinHaiti.RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweek,hopingto1him.Soonhewillcelebratehis18thbirthday.Hewillbeaman.(最后一句话)()1.A.comfortB.pleaseC.attract
7、D.educateD指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。完形填空的解题技巧(五)1.MrBlackisadoctor,heworksinthe.hospitalnightno / littlepassbutChallenge Yourself2.Anursenotonlyworksintheday,butalsoworksduringthe_.3.Heisratherbusy,sohehastimetohavelunchathome.4.WehaveanEnglishtestthisterm,itsveryeasy,moststudentscanthistest.5.Thew
8、holeclasswenttothezooyesterday,theywereverytired_happy.(一)(一)_。(二)(二)_。(三)(三)_。细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意理解词义,瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破理解词义,瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破复读全文,逐个核对,验证答案,坚定信心复读全文,逐个核对,验证答案,坚定信心四、解题技巧点拨一一.逻辑关系法逻辑关系法。 考生要学会正确恰当地使用那些表示逻辑关系的考生要学会正确恰当地使用那些表示逻辑关系的关联词,使文章前后连贯,机构紧凑,过渡自然。关联词,使文章前后连贯,机构紧凑,过渡自
9、然。时间:时间:when, while, as, before, after, until, notuntil, since条件条件: if, unless,让步让步: though, although, as, even though, even if方式方式: as, as if/as though地点地点: where比较比较: morethan, asas, not soas, the same as,原因原因: because, as, for, since结果结果: so that, such that目的目的: sothat, suchthat, in order that【典例
10、】.Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitiscrueltoeatanimals,butothersarguethattheycaneatmeatand_bekindtoanimals.AstillBevenClaterDsomehow解析句意:一些人选择不吃肉,因为他们相信吃动物是残酷的,但是其他人争论说他们可以吃肉,同时仍然对动物慈善。上下为“转折关系”,故选A项。二二.根据根据“背景常识背景常识”解题解题将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起文化背景知识,以及科普
11、常识等结合起来,进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。来,进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上,该技巧与事实上,该技巧与“逻辑推断逻辑推断”常常是常常是交织在一起的,因为虽有背景常识,仍交织在一起的,因为虽有背景常识,仍需简单推理;逻辑推理离不开背景常识。需简单推理;逻辑推理离不开背景常识。四、解题技巧点拨 When we talked, I discovered(发现)(发现) some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the U
12、S. It is a little _44_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【2009 重庆重庆】fiftyforty解题技巧三根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理三、选项中单词及词组的辨析三、选项中单词及词组的辨析1. 判断词义(近义词辨析)判断词义(近义词辨析)2. 判断词性判断词性3. 判断词形判断词形“前后搭配”解题“前后搭配”主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配以及句式搭配等。能不能搭配,除涉及词语的用法外,
13、还需要综合语法知识及常识等来判断。 A.woreB.hadonC.dressedD.puton( )Alittlecocklivedneartheriver.Onemorningthelittlecock1hisbeautifulclothesandwentforawalkbytheriver.Onhiswayhemetalittleduck.词义型词义型B A C K扎实基础,辨析词意扎实基础,辨析词意句式结构的搭配句式结构的搭配.IwasgrowingupinKualaLumpurintheearly1960s,38childrenfromdifferentracesandreligion
14、splayedandstudiedtogetherinharmony.AtthattimemyfamilylivedastonesthrowfromIsmails.A.whyBwhichChowDwhen解析分析句子可知,非限制性定语从句38childrenfromdifferentracesandreligions.修饰先行词theearly1960s,所以需填表时间的关系副词when,故答案为D项。 完形填空的解题思路完形填空的解题思路总则:总则:在把握整体的基础上对句子内部的在把握整体的基础上对句子内部的情况进行分析情况进行分析跳过空格,通读全文,跳过空格,通读全文, 把握大意把握大意再
15、读全文,反复检查再读全文,反复检查结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案瞻前顾后,先易后难,瞻前顾后,先易后难, 个个击破个个击破例题解析例题解析ThemomentIsteppedofftheplaneafterawritersconference,my youngest son Jeremy greeted me and cried out, “Posterpaper,Mama!Ineedposterpaper. Werehavinga21atschool.”Beingahousewifeandwriter,IfeltlikenomatterhowhardItried,Ic
16、ouldntkeepupwiththeneedsofmy22.Backathome,Jeremykeptremindingmeoftheposterpaper,butIjustcouldnt23 a minute forit.Graduallythough,hebegantospeakmore24,almost25heweretalkingtohimself.Maybehelljustforgetit,Ithoughthopefully.SoIputJeremysrequestatthe26ofmylonglistofthingstodo.21.A.raceB.classC.ceremonyD
17、.competition22.A.colleaguesB.familyC.neighborsD.relatives23.A.spareB.payC.spendD.lose24.A.slowlyB.softlyC.confidentlyD.loudly25.A.assoonasB.aslongasC.asthoughD.evenif26.A.bottomB.topC.beginningD.cornerMythirddayhomeImanagedtotakefifteenminutestotypeanarticlewhenasmall27fellacrossmypaper.Iknewwhoitwo
18、uldbebeforeI28.Jeremystoodquietlywatchingme. Oh,Lord,please dont let him say it again. IknewwhathewantedbutIneededto_29_.Ismiled30atJeremyandkepttyping.He31forafewmoreminutes,thenturnedandwalkedaway.Ialmostdidnthearhis32.“Competitionisovertomorrow,anyway.”Thesmallfigurewalkingoutofmyroom,asilentvoic
19、espokeurgentlytomyheart,“Gethimthatpapernow!”27.A.letterB.footC.imageD.shadow28.A.wokeupB.stoodupC.gotupD.lookedup29.A.restB.typeC.learnD.exercise30.A.widelyB.happilyC.weaklyD.politely31.A.watchedB.searchedC.hesitatedD.complained32.A.commentB.footstepsC.warningD.advice“Letsgotogetthepaper,Jeremy.”He
20、stopped,33andlookedatmein34“Youregoingtothestorejustforme?”I35.Suddenly,alookof_36_shotacrosshisface,erasingthedisbelief.IdontthinkIllever37thatmoment.Laterthatday,heworkedsilentlyonthe38allafternoon.Andafewweekslater,alargeyellowenvelopecame.InsideitwastheCertificateofAward.So39wasIthatIdidntturned
21、awayfromhis40togethimsomeposterpaper.33.A.felloverB.satdownC.turnedaroundD.walkedaway34.A.peaceB.astonishmentC.reliefD.silence35.A.doubtedB.arguedC.apologizedD.nodded36.A.surpriseB.sadnessC.disappointmentD.excitement37.A.enjoyB.rememberC.forgetD.value38.A.storyB.questionC.posterD.composition39.A.gratefulB.generousC.forgetfulD.selfless40.A.opinionB.requestC.promiseD.giftthank you!