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1、1. He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. H
2、e keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.状语状语状语状语(宾语宾语)补语补语定语定语定语宾语宾语找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但有但有时态和语态时态和语态的变化。的变化。还可以有自己的宾语和状语构成还可以有自己的宾
3、语和状语构成非谓语短非谓语短语语在句中一起做成分。在句中一起做成分。主要形式主要形式：不定式：不定式to do doing donemake 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式一般式一般式 完成式完成式 进行式进行式 完成进行式完成进行式 (not) to make (not) to have made (not) to be making (not) to have been making (not) to be made (not) to have been made 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式一般式一般式完成式完成式完成式完成式 否定形式否定形式: not+-ing的形
4、式的形式 -ing ：(do)过去分词过去分词:donedoingbeing donehaving donehaving donehaving been donehaving been done 2.看看“_”上要填的非谓语动词与相关的名或上要填的非谓语动词与相关的名或代词（多是主语）的逻辑关系代词（多是主语）的逻辑关系 主谓关系主谓关系 动宾关动宾关系系 主主动动关系关系 被被动动关系关系 to doto do一般式一般式 进进行式行式 完成式完成式 doingdoing一般式一般式 完成式完成式 donedone非谓语动词解题一般思路非谓语动词解题一般思路1.分析句子成分，看分析句子成分，
5、看“_”上要填谓语还是非谓语上要填谓语还是非谓语to write to be written to be writing to have written to have been written writing being writtenhaving written having been written written非非谓语动词的比的比较作主语作主语的区别的区别 不定式作主语表示具体动作不定式作主语表示具体动作 It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体具体) +ing+ing作
6、主语通常表示抽象动作；作主语通常表示抽象动作； Smoking is prohibited here 这里禁止抽烟。这里禁止抽烟。(抽象抽象) 不定式和不定式和+ingE这些常用的词组要求用动名词作宾语这些常用的词组要求用动名词作宾语cant help cant stand be worth devote to look forward to stick to be used to object to be busy feel like get down to l3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较 l（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如
7、：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。等。 lWe agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET 1995） lAhaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have metCl（2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse
8、，finish，forgive，imagine， keep，mind，miss，practise，resist， risk，suggest，deny等。等。 lThe squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_ （MET 1987）Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch lI would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure callingCCl（3）有些动词后既可以
9、跟不定式又可以跟动）有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如：名词，意义上无多大区别，如：love， like，hate，prefer，intend，start， continue等。等。 lI intend to finishfinishing the task this morning 注意问题注意问题1.1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1）forget to do forget doing2）stop to do stop doing 3）remember to do remember doing4) re
10、gret to do regret doing5）try to do try doing忘记要去做某事（此事未做）忘记要去做某事（此事未做）忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 停止正在或经常做的事停止正在或经常做的事 记住去做某事（未做）记住去做某事（未做）记得做过某事记得做过某事(已做已做)对要做的事遗憾对要做的事遗憾对做过的事遗憾、后悔对做过的事遗憾、后悔努力、企图做某事努力、企图做某事试验、试一试某种办法试验、试一试某种办法 注意问题注意问题1.1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词
11、不定式作宾语的差别有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 6) mean to do mean doing 7）go on to do go on doing 打算，有意要打算，有意要意味着意味着继而（去做另外一件事情）继而（去做另外一件事情）继续（原先没有做完的事情）继续（原先没有做完的事情）l（4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember， mean，regret，stop，try等。等。 The light in the office is still on Oh，I
12、 forgot _ （MET 1991） Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it offYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995） Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving doneCD 做做宾补宾补的区的区别有些使役有些使役动词及感官及感官动词后如后如let, make, have, hear, see, feel,notic
13、e, watch,observe等等 动词不定式只不定式只说明明宾语的一个的一个动作作,宾语与与动词不定式不定式是主动关系是主动关系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room.现在分在分词说明明宾语的的动作正在作正在进行，行，宾语与与现在分在分词是主是主动关系关系 Then he heard someone singing in the next room.过去分去分词说明明宾语与与过去分去分词是是被被动关系关系 He had his bike repaired yesterday. He found his watch stolen.不
14、定式不定式, 现在分词现在分词, 过去分词过去分词作宾补:Wesawtheteacher_.（做实验）Iveneverheardthesong_(用英语唱）doingtheexperimentsunginEnglish4作定语作定语不定式作定语。不定式作定语。A 不定式与其所修饰的名词是主谓关系。不定式与其所修饰的名词是主谓关系。例：例：He was the last one to leave school yesterday . The train to arrive was from London .B 不定式与其所修饰的名词是动宾关系。不定式与其所修饰的名词是动宾关系。 Get him
15、something to eat . She has a lot of work to do in the morning.C 不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系。这里的介词不能和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系。这里的介词不能省去。省去。I need a pen to write with . There is nothing to worry about .不定式、现在分词和过去分词不定式、现在分词和过去分词分词作定语分词作定语特点特点 ：1 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动含义。现在分词表示
16、主动意义，过去分词表示被动含义。 2 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或已完成的现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或已完成的 事。事。He rushed into the burning house .The child standing over there is my brother .The room facing south is our classroom .He is an advanced teacher .不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系：不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系： 一般来说，不定式所表示的一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，现在分词所表示
17、的动作动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，过去分词表示的动作发生在与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。谓语动词所表示的动作之前。跳舞的女孩跳舞的女孩被毁的房屋被毁的房屋下落的树叶下落的树叶落叶落叶A falling leafThere is a river around our school（run).The watch now is hers (repair).He is a teacher by all his students (like).America is a country (dev
18、elop).runningbeing repairedlikeddevelopeda dancing girlA fallen leaf（过去分词表完成）（过去分词表完成）现在分词表主动现在分词表主动A destroyed house过去分词表被动过去分词表被动现在分词表进行现在分词表进行 做定做定语的区的区别不定式表示即将不定式表示即将发生的生的动作作, The building _next month is our library.现在分在分词表示表示现在在发生的生的动作作, The building _now is our library.过去分去分词表示已表示已经发生的生的动作作. T
19、he building _ last year is our library.不定式不定式, 现在分词现在分词, 过去分过去分词词to be builtbeing built built 做状做状语的区的区别不定式作状语一般表示目的不定式作状语一般表示目的, ,结果或原因结果或原因: :They stood by the roadside to talk about the planThe boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelfWe are glad to hear the news. . 分词作状语放在句子开头，表示原因时间或条件。分词作
20、状语放在句子开头，表示原因时间或条件。分词作状语放在后面一般表示伴随分词作状语放在后面一般表示伴随, ,They stood by the roadside talking about the planNot knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. The pop singer came to meet his fans, followed by two body guards .不定式不定式, 现在分词现在分词, 过
21、去分词过去分词分词作状语与主语的关系分词作状语与主语的关系Not _what to do, he went to his parents for help . (know) _from the hill, the town looks very beautiful.(see)分词作状语时前面可用连词分词作状语时前面可用连词When, while, once, if, unless , though等引导的状语从句，若其主语等引导的状语从句，若其主语与句子主语相同时，可保留该连接词，其余部分则简化为分词短语。与句子主语相同时，可保留该连接词，其余部分则简化为分词短语。While walking
22、along the street early in the morning ,he saw her .Once seen ,it will never be forgotten .Even though given every chance ,they would not try .knowingSeeno表目的：表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式作状语放于句首时，不定式的逻辑主注意不定式作状语放于句首时，不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：语
23、与句子主语要一致： To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.2)Since I am a student, I must study hard. Being a student, I must study hard. As we were not satisfied with the r
24、esult, we decided to do the experiment again. Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.3) If time permits, I will finish another lesson. Time permitting, I will finish another lesson. If he is allowed, he would eat all the food in the house. If allowed, he would eat all t
25、he food in the house.原因4)The students went out of the classroom, _（说说笑笑）（说说笑笑） He entered the room, _ (后面跟着女朋友）后面跟着女朋友）talking and laughingfollowed by his girlfriendn因为他病了，因为他病了， 所以他没有上学。所以他没有上学。 As he was ill, he didnt go to school. = Being ill, he didnt go to school.n因为他们希望能够得到你的支持，所以给你写了因为他们希望能够得
26、到你的支持，所以给你写了一封信。一封信。 As they hoped to get your support, they wrote you a letter.= Hoping to get your support, they wrote you a letter. l_moreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter（MET1990）lAGivenBTogiveCGivingDHavinggivenA非谓语动词常考的其它结构非谓语动词常考的其它结构1 疑问词疑问词+不定式结构不定式结构。疑问词。疑问词who,what,which,when,where和和
27、how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。When to start has not been decided .I dont know what to know .The difficulty was how to cross the river .I can tell you where to get this book .(主语）主语）（宾语）（宾语）（表语）（表语）（宾语）（宾语）有时疑问词前可用介词，如有时疑问词前可用介词，如 ：I have no idea of how to
28、 do it .动词不定式的几个重要时态动词不定式的几个重要时态1 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式常在动词常在动词appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后体现等之后体现它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting .She seemed to have forgotten her promise .He pretended to have read the book .2,但在但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect ,sho
29、uld 或或would like等等动词之后，则表示没有实现的行为。动词之后，则表示没有实现的行为。He planned to have gone abroad.I hoped to have seen her .I would like to have had your help .The enemy expected to have found him .I intended to have finished my work last night .We were to have sailed next morning .他原计划出国。他原计划出国。（但他没有去）（但他没有去）我们本定于第
30、二天早上启航我们本定于第二天早上启航不定式进行式和完成进行式不定式进行式和完成进行式不定式进行式表示其主要谓语动词所代表的动作发生时，不定式进行式表示其主要谓语动词所代表的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生；不定式完成进行式表示不定式所表示的动作正在发生；不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行。之前一直在进行。When he came in ,I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.They are said to have been quarre
31、lling many years.不定式的被动式：不定式的被动式：He wanted the letter to be typed at once .The book is said to have been translated into many languages .3. 有时有时“with(without)+名词（或代词宾名词（或代词宾格）格）+分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构格结构。 eg. 1)With his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer. 2) He fel
32、l asleep with the lamp burning. 非谓语动词中的句型非谓语动词中的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。 2) It is + no use/ good (fun, a great pleasure, awaste of time, .)等名词等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。哭没有用。3)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth 做某事没用做某事没用 There is no use crying over
33、spilt milk 4)在在want, need, require等动词后等动词后, ,常用动名词的主常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。例如：动形式表示被动的意思。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)5)5)在某些固定结构在某些固定结构Generally / Frankly speaking , Judging from / by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词 Judging by his dress, h
34、e comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题Multiple choice2._ a letter from her parents, Lily is now looking forward to _ from them.A.Having not received; hear
35、 B. Not received; hearB.C. Not having received; hearing D. Receiving not; hearingV/phrases +ing: appreciate; avoid; cant help; consider; enjoy; escape; finish; give up; imagine; insist on; keep(on); mind;miss devote oneself to; pay attention to; be used to; get down to解析例2NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnew
36、technologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B 。Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB10.The
37、missingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.A.todob.tobedoingC.to
38、havedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing例3NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB
39、.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：Wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.例4NMET1999第14题Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.C.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudyingAThe patient was warned _ oily foo
40、d after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatA. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatC解析该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warnsb.nottodosth.warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构。两外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五
41、个看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.解析该题考查过去分词作宾
42、语补足语的用法。The plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。See sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryputB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC4.It happened _ when I got off the bus.A.to rain B. raining B.C. to be raining D. rained5
43、. Im glad _ a chance _ your factory.A.to have given; to visit B.B. to have been given; to visitC. to give; to visit D. to be given; visiting6.I _to school, only _ that it was a holiday.A. hurry; to find B. hurried; to find C. had hurried; finding D. have hurried; finding5.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdow
44、nthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.not
45、lettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding10.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameouti
46、nthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-Whatdoyouthinkma
47、deMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing1. _ black and blue, the lady couldnt move.A. Beaten B. Beating C. To be beaten D. To beat2. Most of the men _ to the party were from town.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited3. When I got back, I saw a m
48、essage _ to the door _ “ Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read4. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled5. With a lot of different prob
49、lems _ , the newly-elected president is very pleased.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled6. _ poor in English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A. To be; understand B. Im; to understand C. Being; understanding D. Being；understood7. _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _.A. Ent
50、ering; stealing B. Entering; gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen8. English is a language _ in many countries.A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak9. I should say sorry to him. I regret _ to help him that day.A. refusing B. to refuse C. refused D. refuse10.
51、Professor Li is often seen _ something in his office.A. to write B. write C. wrote D. written11. Do you still remember _ to your hometown ten years ago?A. taken B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken12. She is not used _ in the city.A. to live B. to living C. to have lived D. live13. Hurry up! He
52、is sure _ us at the gate.A. waiting B. to wait C. to be waiting D. to be waiting for14. _ everywhere, the wolves had no where _ themselves.A. Hunting; hiding B. To hunt; to hide C. Hunted; hiding D. Hunted; to hide15. This is a _ car.A. use B. using C. to be used D. used16. When _, ice changes into
53、water.A. to heat B. heating C. heated D. they are heated17. Charlie Chaplin is considered _ a great contribution to the film industry.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made18. _ with you, we still have a long way to go.A. Comparing B. To compare C. Having compared D. Compared19. They ha
54、vent decided when _ for Shanghai.A. to be leaving B. to leave C. leaving D. leave20. I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm.A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching1-5AACCA6-10DBAAA11-15DBDDD16-20CCDBB非谓语动词的有关练习非谓语动词的有关练习Fillintheblanks:1Iwouldlove_(go)tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkex
55、trahourstofinishareport.2Weagreed_(meet)herebutsofarhehasntturnedup.3-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.4-Well,nowIregret_(do)that.54Robertissaid_(study)abroad,butIdont6knowwhatcountryhestudiedin.75Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_8(persuade)intobuysomethingtheydontreallyneed.96He
56、claimed_(badly,treat)inthe10supermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.117TheOlympicGames,_(play)in776BC,didnt12includewomenplayersuntil1912.tohavegonetomeethavingdonetohavestudiedbeingpersuadedtohavebeenbadlytreatedplayed1）我记得读过这本书）我记得读过这本书. I remember reading the book. (指过去的动作）指过去的动作） I must remem
57、ber to read the book. (指将来的动作）指将来的动作）2）我要设法提高我的英语口语。）我要设法提高我的英语口语。 Ill try to improve my spoken English. 敲门没人答应，试着敲后门。敲门没人答应，试着敲后门。 Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.3) 不要讲话。不要讲话。 Stop talking. 他停下来讲话。他停下来讲话。 He stopped to talk.4)我没打算伤害你。Ididntmeantohurtyou.错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.
