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1、第二部分第二部分 专项语法专项语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项1313简单句简单句 英语中，只含有一套主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫作简单句。高频考点高频考点精讲精讲1.陈述句的肯定句(1)主语谓语(不及物动词)。如：The rain stopped.雨停了。(2)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语。如：Children are playing basketball.孩子们在打篮球。(3)主语连系动词表语。如：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄。(4)主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语。如：My father bought me a co
2、mputer.我爸爸给我买了台电脑。(5)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语。如：He made his sister cried just now.他刚刚把他妹妹弄哭了。考点考点1 1 陈述句陈述句2陈述句的否定式在情态动词、be动词、助动词后直接加not。如：Man can not live without water.没有水人类不能生存。Jim is not playing football now.吉姆现在不在踢足球。He didnt watch TV last night.他昨晚没看电视。 考点考点2 2 疑问句疑问句1.一般疑问句(1)一般疑问句的构成把情态动词、be动词、助动词提
3、前，句尾加问号。第一人称需变为第二人称，some变为any，something 变为anything。(2)一般疑问句的用法一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实，需要对方给予肯定或否定的回答，回答一般用yes或no，读时用升调。如：Are you a doctor？你是医生吗？Yes，I am. / No，Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。【注意】 (1)为使语气客气委婉，也可以用其他词来代替yes或no来回答。如：Can you go to the park with me？你能与我一起去公园吗？Im afraid not.I have a lot of work to do.恐怕
4、不行。我还有很多工作要做。(2)否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词加not 的缩略形式开头，往往用于表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑。否定的一般疑问句的答语yes和no 的汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that？你没有听说过那件事吗？Yes，I do. / No，I dont.不，我听说过。/是的，我没有听说过。2.特殊疑问句(1)特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问句一般由“疑问词一般疑问句”构成。但当主语是疑问代词who，what，which 或 which作限定词修饰主语时，句子应用陈述语序。(2) 特殊疑问词的用法特殊疑问词用法例句what问事物是什么或人的职
5、业。意为“什么”What is she？她的职业是什么？She is a nurse.她是一位护士。who用于对人进行提问。意为“谁”Who is she？她是谁？She is my mother.她是我的妈妈。whom用于对作宾语的人提问。意为“谁”Whom did you go to the supermarket with？你和谁去的超市？I went to the supermarket with my brother.我和我哥去的超市。which用于对一定范围内的人或事物提问。意为“哪一个”Which season do you like best？你最喜欢哪个季节？I like a
6、utumn best.我最喜欢秋天。whose用于对所属关系进行提问。意为“谁的”Whose book is this？这是谁的书？Lucys.露西的。when用于对时间提问，意为“什么时候”When is your birthday？你生日是哪天？May 5.五月五号。what time一般用于对具体的时间点提问。意为“几点钟”What time do you usually watch TV？你通常几点看电视？I usually watch TV at 7：30.我通常7：30看电视。where用于对地点进行提问。意为“哪里”Where is Lily？莉莉在哪？She is at the
7、 school library.她在学校图书馆。why用于对原因进行提问。意为“为什么”Why are you late？你为什么迟到了？how用于询问做事的方式和询问健康状况。意为“如何，怎样”How do you go to school？你怎样去学校？I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去学校。how many跟复数名词，问数量。意为“多少”How many people are there in your family？你家有几口人？5.五口。how much跟不可数名词，问数量或价格。意为“多少”How much milk do you need？
8、你需要多少的牛奶？how long对物体的长度、一段时间进行提问。意为“多长，多久”How long is the bridge？这桥多长？how far对距离进行提问。意为“多远”How far is it from your home to your school？你家到学校有多远？how often对频率进行提问。意为“多久一次”How often do you exercise？你多久锻炼一次？3.选择疑问句要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句，叫作选择疑问句。选择疑问句的两个供选择的部分之间用or连接。选择疑问句不能用yes 或 no 回答。如：Do you like Tom
9、 or Jerry？你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞？I like Jerry.我喜欢杰瑞。Which do you like best，apples，oranges or bananas？你最喜欢哪一样，苹果、橘子还是香蕉？I like apples best.我最喜欢苹果。4反意疑问句陈述部分附加部分例句肯定句否定疑问句You are a student，arent you？你是一名学生，对吗？He works hard，doesnt he？他学习努力，对吗？否定句肯定疑问句Those arent apples，are they？那些不是苹果，是吗？Lets祈使句shall we？Lets go to
10、the movies，shall we？咱们去看电影，好吗？祈使句will you？Let us go to the movies，will you？让我们去看电影，好吗？【注意】 1.陈述句中有little，few，no，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，附加反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is little water in the bottle，is there？瓶子里没多少水了，是吗？2陈述句主语为不定代词nothing，something，anything时，附加反意疑问部分的主语用代词it；陈述句主语为不定代词everyone，no
11、 one，someone，everybody，nobody，anybody时，附加反意疑问部分的主语常用代词they，有时也用he。如：Something is wrong with your car，isnt it？你的车有问题了，是吗？3陈述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe，suppose.)宾语从句”结构，附加反意疑问部分的主语和谓语动词应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。如：I dont think he is right，is he？我认为他不对，是吧？考点考点3 3 祈使句祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等，其特点是省略了主语，以动词原形开
12、头。根据动词特点，祈使句常见几种形式有：形式特点例句V型祈使句以行为动词开头Listen to me，please.请听我讲。B型祈使句以be开头Be quiet，please.请安静。L型祈使句以let开头Let me help you.让我帮助你。D型祈使句以Dont动词原形开头Dont eat in class.不要在课堂上吃东西。No型祈使句No动词的ing形式 No parking！禁止停车！ No名词No photos！禁止拍照！考点考点4 4 感叹句感叹句感叹句就是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句类型结构例句how引导的感叹句Howadj./adv.(主语谓语)！H
13、ow fast she is running！她跑得多快啊！what引导的感叹句Whata / anadj.可数名词单数 (主语谓语)！ What an interesting book it is！多么有趣的一本书啊！ Whatadj.可数名词复数 (主语谓语)！What good students they are！他们是多好的学生啊！Whatadj.不可数名词(主语谓语)！What bad weather it is！多么糟糕的天气啊！考点考点5 5 there bethere be句型句型1.there be句型构成形式一般为 “there be某人/物地点/时间”，表示“在某地有某物
14、(或某人)”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be动词一般和就近主语的数或人称保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。2“therebesb. / sth.地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。3there be句型若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle？瓶子里有水吗？4there be句型
15、有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：There will be / is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一部新电影上映。There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两幢楼后面有几所房子。There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。考点考点6 6 倒装句倒装句1.以here，there等副词开头构成的倒装句，有两种形式：完全倒装副词动词名词Here is a photo of my family.这是一张我的全家
16、福。不完全倒装 副词代词动词Here you are！给你！2.neither引导的倒装句“neither助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”表示上下句两个不同人或物的行为或状况一样，是表示否定的倒装。如：He wasnt late for school，neither was I他上学没迟到，我也没有。Tom has never been to China.汤姆从未去过中国。Neither has his brother.他的弟弟也没去过。3副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you learn
17、 English well.只有用这种方式，你才能学好英语。十年真题十年真题全练全练 简单句不是临沂中考单项填空的常考点，有隔年考查的趋势。在2018年临沂英语中考中，单项填空可能有1道题考查简单句，考查的内容多为特殊疑问词或感叹句。在阅读表达中则多为疑问句的考查。考点考点1 1 陈述句陈述句1.2012临沂，78Lisa bought a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.(改为否定句)List _ _ _ _a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.22011临沂，78There were some tigers in
18、 the mountains.(改为否定句)There _ _ _ _tigers in the mountains.32009临沂，76Grace learns English by reading aloud.(改为否定句)Grace _ _ _ _English by reading aloud.didntbuywerentanydoesntlearn考点考点2 2 疑问句疑问句4.2016临沂，25_do you have dinner with your family at restaurants?Hardly ever.AHow often BHow long CHow many
19、DHow much52015临沂，26_people travel every year?Perhaps when we are talking about it，more than 100 planes have taken off around the world.AHow many BHow much CHow long DHow often62012临沂，32_have you lived with your grandparents?About three years.AHow long BHow many CHow much DHow oftenAAA72009临沂，29_ yog
20、urt do you need?Three cups.AHow long BHow farCHow many DHow much82009临沂，32Liu Qian has made “magic” a hot word，_ he?Adoesnt Bdidnt Chasnt Disnt92008临沂，25_do you go to the library?I usually go to the library twice a week.AHow long BHow oftenCHow far DHow manyDCB102008临沂，27It rained last night，_？Awasn
21、t it Bdidnt itCdoesnt it Dwont it112012临沂，77There are some flowers in the garden.(改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ _any flowers in the garden?122012临沂，79David is playing basketball in the playground now.(对画线部分提问)_ _ _ _playing basketball in the playground now?132011临沂，77Alice has a tennis racket.(改为一般疑问句)_ _Alice _ _a
22、 tennis racket?142011临沂，79The twins are of medium height(对画线部分提问)_ _ _ _ the twins _ _ _ _？BArethereWhoisDoeshaveWhatdolooklike152010临沂，76Julie bought a tennis racket last Sunday.(改为一般疑问句)_ Julie _ a tennis racket last Sunday?162010临沂，77Our school holds an Art Festival once_a_year(对画线部分提问)_ _ does y
23、our school hold an Art Festival?172009临沂，77Tina was_waiting_for_me when I arrived at the museum.(对画线部分提问)_ _ _ Tina _ when you arrived at the museum?DidWhatbuyHowoftenwasdoing182008临沂，86There is a park near here.(改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ a park near here?192008临沂，87Gina usually goes to school by_bicycle every
24、day.(对画线部分提问) _ _Gina usually go to school every day?IsthereHowdoes考点考点3 3 祈使句祈使句20.2012临沂，80You shouldnt arrive late for class.(改为祈使句)_ _ _ _ late for class.212008临沂，88You shouldnt eat in class.(改为祈使句)_ _ _ _ in class.DontDontarriveeat考点考点4 4 感叹句感叹句22.2017临沂，27_amazing concert Li Yundi gave in Liny
25、i!AHow an BHow CWhat an DWhat232014临沂，28_ delicious these beef noodles are!AWhat BHow CWhat a DHow aCB猜押预测猜押预测单项填空1_ do you volunteer in Old Peoples Home?Once a week.We hope to help the old more.AHow soon BHow many CHow often DHow long2Could you tell me_it takes to walk to the Disneyland?About 20 mi
26、nutes.Ahow far Bhow long Chow often Dhow soon3_ did you visit Taiwan with，Sarah?My parents.We had a good time there.AWhat BWho CWhere DWhen4_ Disney amusement parks are there in China?Two.AHow many BHow often CHow soon DHow longCBBA5_ will Mr.Brown be back?In an hour.AHow long BHow often CHow soon DHow much6_ is it from your home to your school?Its about ten minutes walk.AHow long BHow farCHow many DHow much7_ exciting boat race it was! Many people watched it.AWhat a BWhat an CHow DHow a8My sister has won the first prize._ great she is! We are so proud of her.AWhat a BWhat CHow a DHowCBDB
