高考英语一轮复习课件：第三部分 专题七 书面表达

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1、专题七书面表达一、考纲说明书面表达题要求考生根据所给情境，用英语写一篇 100 个单词左右的短文。情境包括写作任务的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情境的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：1.准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。二、题型说明

2、书面表达主要考查了学生对语言的综合运用能力。近几年新课标全国卷书面表达题都是书信体或邮件式的文章，话题都为学生所熟知，难度系数并不大，学生都有可写的东西。在命题指向和规律上，全国卷书面表达有以下几个明显的特点：1.写作形式：仍为半控制性、半开放式写作，以提纲方式呈现材料，词数 100 左右；2.写作体裁：命题仍然是多年来沿用的书信或电子邮件，交际性、应用性强；3.写作话题：贴近现实和学生生活实际，学生比较熟悉，以第一人称写作为主，话题场景性和真实生突出，体现中外交流和“正能量”；4.写作手法：介绍性说明占主体(说明时间、地点、原因、过程等)，辅以交际性应用(解决“现实生活中的实际问题)。书面表

3、达的写作体裁有记叙文、应用文、说明文和议论文，其中以应用文为载体的写作考查较多。题材贴近现实生活，如介绍中国优秀传统文化、申请参加某项活动、介绍英语学习经验、处理人际关系、发表自己对某事的看法及提出自己的建议、邀请朋友参加某项活动等。一、写作基本原则(一)主题句原则文意一开头，就交代清楚文章的主题是什么。考生在写作时，可以在第一段开头就写明主题句，后面的内容紧紧围绕这一主题展开，使文章主题赫然醒目，让读者一目了然。(二)长短句原则短小精悍的句子放在段首或段尾，能起到画龙点睛的作用，它不仅可以承上启下，还可以揭示主题。在写作时应长短句结合，在文章的开头用一长一短，且先长后短的句子，会给人以抑扬顿

4、挫之感。(三)条理性原则首先要段落分明，其次句与句在衔接的基础上，做到段落间的起承转合，使文章有整体性、连贯性。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接性词语是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。常用的过渡词和关联词有：1.表示时间：and then, finally, before, after a few days, at last,at that time, in the past, immediately, meanwhile, when, after, until,as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, s

5、ince, from thenon, eventually, in the meantime, suddenly, next, early thismorning/year/century, after an interval, now, presently, all of asudden 等。2.表示对比、比较：in the same way, compared with., just as,on the contrary, different from, in contrast to, the former.thelatter., some.(the) others., on the on

6、e hand.on the other hand.,for one thing.for another thing.等。3. 表示转折、让步：but, still, yet, however, even though/if,instead, although, despite, nevertheless, in spite of 等。4. 表 示 递 进 、 补 充 ： also, and, then, too, in addition,furthermore, moreover, besides, again, whats more, last but notleast 等。5.表示目的：f

7、or this reason, for this purpose, so that, in orderthat, so as to, in order to 等。6.表示因果：because, since, so, so that, as a result, therefore等。7.表示条件：if, on condition(that), as long as, unless, or else等。8. 表示解释说明：for example/instance, in fact, in this case,actually, like, such as, in other words, in a

8、nother word, that is (tosay)，to put it another way, namely 等。9.表示强调：in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, without anydoubt, truly, most importantly 等。10. 表示总结：in conclusion, finally, at last, in brief, as hasbeen stated, in a word, on the whole, in short, all in all, in general,in summary 等。11. 表

9、示顺序：first, next, and then.finally, first.then.afterthat.finally, to begin/start with, then, furthermore, in addition,finally 等。12. 表 示 并 列 ： and, or, as well as, not only.but also.,either.or., not.but., neither.nor. 等。13.表示观点：in my opinion/view, personally speaking, as faras I am concerned, as for m

10、e 等。(四)短语优先原则在能使用短语的情况下，尽量不使用单个单词，这样可以使文章层次提高，增加得分亮点。如把“ignore”替换为“pay noattention to”或“turn a blind eye to”， “bear”替换为“put up with”等。(五)多实少虚原则写文章不能空话连篇，要写一些实际的东西，因此，考生在写作时尽量多用实词，少用虚词。这里所说的虚词是指那些比较大的词，比如在形容一个人或事物很好的时候，如果使用nice 一 词 就会比较空洞 ， 最好使用 attractive, warm-hearted,friendly, humourous, generous,

11、 hospitable 等的形象词。(六)多变句式原则写作中尽量让所使用的句式多样化，整篇使用简单句往往得不到高分。除了使用基本句式中的简单句的基本句型、therebe 句型、并列句、名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句以外，还要尽量使用强调句、倒装句、独立主格结构、非谓语动词、插入语、排比句等，这样会增加文章的得分点。二、写作步骤1.仔细审题，确定要点在开始写作前一定要认真阅读题目中的所有信息(中文提示、图示、注意事项等)，把需要表达的全部信息要点列成提纲。列要点时，如果提示是图表，要认真审图，从图中找出要表达的信息要点，如事件发生的背景，人物的衣着、表情、动作、位置、年龄、外貌、图中的英汉文字等

12、，如果有参考词汇，一定要用上。2.根据要点，遣词造句近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高，高分文章要有较多的词汇，较高级的词汇用法。比如表达“丰富”可以用“rich”，但如果用“abundant”这个词就属于较高级的词汇。再比如“他强调小心驾驶的重要性”这个句子可以这样表达：He emphasizedthe importance of careful driving ，其中“强调”这个词如果用“attach much importance to”效果更佳。3.确定时态及人称，内容连贯，结构紧凑高考书面表达评分标准明确规定，如人称错误要扣分，不同的文体一般都有基本时态。日记通常记叙发生过的事情，多用

13、一般过去时。议论文多用一般现在时。通知等文体通常用一般将来时。每个句子写好之后，句与句之间要选择恰当的连接词。4.句式丰富，避免重词英语书面表达评分标准第五档(2125 分)要求，“应使用较复杂结构”，这要求学生不仅会运用基本句型，也要有意识地使用复杂句型，这是文章的亮点。可以适当运用非谓语结构(分词短语、动名词或不定式短语)，适当运用各种从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)，这些都是不错的复杂结构。如：(1)When he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(时间状语从句。一般)On arriving in Beijing, he gave

14、me an e-mail./Havingarrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(使用了介词动名词和现在分词短语，分别做状语。高级)/Hardly had he arrived inBeijing when he gave me an e-mail.(改变时态，句子结构为倒装。高级)(2)I wont believe what he says.( 一般)No matter what hesays, I wont believe it.(让步状语从句。高级)。5.认真答写，卷面整洁高考书面表达评分标准中对书写有较高要求。尤其是高考英语作文采取网上阅卷以来

15、，如果书写较差，会影响到扫描质量，因此，考生在答卷时，一定要认真、清楚规范地书写，以确保卷面整洁和美观，为争取高分作文做好铺垫。三、使用高级词汇、句式和复杂结构高考评分标准中最高档次的作文标准之二：应用较多的复杂语法结构和高级词汇。如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。因此，为了使文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇和复杂结构。高级词汇和复杂结构的使用能够为文章增添色彩和画面感。(一)使用“晚”词学得“晚”的词汇，能够体现出考生学以致用的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中所学的词汇来表达，又可以用高二、高三所学的词汇来表达，那就尽量选择高二、高三所

16、学的词汇。如：低分词：difficult (困难的)高分词：challenging (有挑战性的)低分词：important (重要的)高分词：vital (至关重要的),essential (必不可少的), significant (有重要意义的)低分词：beautiful (美丽的)高分词：appealing (有吸引力的), attractive ( 吸引人的), fascinating ( 迷人的), charming ( 迷人的)(二)使用短语活用短语是考生语言能力强的表现之一。因此，考生可以掌握一些短语，也可以将某些常见单词转化为短语。1.常见动词替换为短语。如：低分词：use (

17、利用)高分短语：make use of (使用；利用)低分词：visit (拜访)高分短语：pay a visit to (拜访；参观；访问)2.利用“形容词of同根名词”，将常见形容词替换为短语。如：低分词 ： important ( 重 要 的 ) 高分短语 ： be of greatimportance (很重要)低分词：valuable (有价值的)高分短语：be of great value(具有很大的价值)(三)使用大纲词汇的衍生词在高中英语中，大家已经学到了一些词根、词缀的知识。运用这些知识，可以将很多高中词汇衍生为高级词汇。如果考生能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇，其作文肯定更加精彩

18、。如：低分词：certainly (当然地)高分词：obviously (明显地),undoubtedly (毫无疑问地), evidently (显然地)低分词：sad (不开心的)高分词：discouraged (气馁的),depressed ( 沮丧的), downhearted ( 垂头丧气的), low-spirited ( 意志消沉的)(四)使用 with 的复杂结构使用“with宾语宾补(形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词)”结构，可以使句子变得简洁。如：With English words getting popular in both media and dailylife,

19、 a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving thepublic divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against”.随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中变得越来越普遍，一部汉语字典收录了 239 个英语词汇，使公众对此分成了赞成和反对的两派。(五)使用特殊句型写作时，常常使用倒装句、强调句、感叹句、并列句等，从而体现短文的感情色彩。如：I was very happy to receive your letter.How happy I waswhen I received y

20、our letter! 我很高兴收到你的来信！(感叹句)What you said disappointed him.It was what you said thatdisappointed him.你的话让他很失望。(强调句)They met the young man as soon as they got to thestation.Hardly had they got to the station when they met theyoung man.No sooner had they got to the station than they metthe young man.他

21、们一到达车站就遇到了那个年轻人。(倒装句)(六)分词和从句并用例 1: Given the choice, I would make donations to those whostill live under the bottom line of the modern living conditions. 如果有机会，我会捐助那些仍然生活在现代生活条件底下的人们。(过去分词定语从句)例 2: In our life we may meet many failures. As long as we tryour best, theres no need feeling regret for t

22、hese failures. 在我们的生活中，我们可能会遇到许多失败。只要我们尽最大的努力了，我们就没有必要为这些失败而后悔。(条件状语从句there be句型现在分词)(七)虚拟语气和从句并用例：How I wish I would read and reply to your e-mail as soonas I received it .我希望我一收到你的邮件就阅读并回复它。(虚拟语气时间状语从句)(八)多层从句例 1: I confess we young generation must realize that ourparents care for us as well as ho

23、pe to share what we have beendoing with them.我承认，我们年轻人必须意识到我们的父母不仅关心我们，而且希望我们和他们分享我们在做的事。(分析：confess 后整体是一个省略了 that 的宾语从句，这个宾语从句中又包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句，在 that 引导的宾语从句中又包含了一个 what 引导的宾语从句。)例 2: But this is the first time I have written an application andthe personal resume, so I dont even know if there i

24、s anything topay attention to.但是这是我第一次写申请和个人简历，所以我甚至不知道一些注意的事项。(分析：so 连接并列句，前面有 the first time 引导的时间状语从句，后面有 if 引导的宾语从句)例(2018 年新课标卷)假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括：1.到达时间；2.合适的礼物；3.餐桌礼仪。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【写作指导】本文是一篇书信类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。写作时注意以下几点：(1)内容要点要齐全(

25、到达时间；合适的礼物；餐桌礼仪)。(2)时态：主要用一般现在时和一般将来时；(3)人称：第二、三人称。(4)注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；(5)适当使用一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅。【范文欣赏】Dear Terry，How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit toa Chinese friend and confuse about the Chinese customs, I am writingto put forward some advice.Firstly, I woul

26、d like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutesearlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture.Secondly, if Iwere you, I would bring some appropriate gifts, such as souvenirsfrom my own country.Besides, table manners are also what you shouldpay attention to.For example, you are not suppose

27、d to stick yourchopsticks into your food.Instead, laying them on your dish is a smartchoice.If you have any other problems, please dont hesitate to contactwith me.Yours，Li Hua一、记叙文记叙文的写作一般要求考生根据给出的情景，组织语言材料。要想取得高分，必须注意：1.写作前要根据要求或暗示确定好用什么人称。一般来说，英语记叙文要以“第一人称(I/we)和第三人称(he/she/it/they)”展开叙述。第一人称是从“参与

28、者”的角度进行叙述；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述。要根据具体情况合理选用人称进行叙述。2.交代清楚记叙文写作的六要素：人物(who/whom)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事情(what)、原因(why)、结果(how)。注意从具体的材料中提炼中心思想，并根据中心思想选择材料，合理安排情节。注意写作的顺序以及记叙的详略。3.注意选择合适的时态和叙述的方法。记叙文一般是叙述已经发生过的事情，因此其基本时态应该是一般过去时。其记叙的顺序包括：(1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序展开。常用的标志词有：afterwards, at the same time, first, then,

29、next, finally, soon,immediately, following 等；(2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序；(3)以事件的发展为线索，或以人物的出现先后展开。4.记叙事情时，要注意主题鲜明突出，清楚具体，内容感人深刻。写人时，要抓住典型事例、典型行动和表现。对中心事件和最能表现中心思想的地方，要详细叙述；对于次要的东西，就少写或不写。常用句式1.It was 7：15 on the morning of February 8th, 2019.2019 年 2月 8 日早上 7：15。2.I was walking along.when.我正走着这时3.Once upon

30、a time, there was/were.很久以前，有4.Once in my childhood.曾经在我小时候，5.It reminds me that when.这让我想起来了当黄金模板第一段开篇句：About _ oclock one evening in_， _.扩展句：_.(展开描述一下事件)第二段主题句：Without hesitation, _.It wasnt longbefore _. 扩展句：One _.Another _.Ourteacher _.第三段结尾句：Is _？Who I can tell but _.例假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，校报英文版正

31、在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.日记的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。1324Saturday, May 3 FineThis morning，_范文欣赏Saturday, May 3 FineThis morning, I was jogging in the park when I caught sightof a wallet on a bench.Clearly, someone had left it there byaccident.I pi

32、cked it up and checked the contents.Inside it, I foundsome money and a card with a phone number.Believing that theowner would be worried, I immediately tried the number.A mananswered it in an anxious voice.Hearing that I had his wallet, hesighed with relief and told me he would return right away.Ten

33、minutes later, the man arrived.After confirming he was the owner, Ihanded the wallet back to him.With his thumb up, he expressed hisgratitude to me repeatedly.Seeing the smile on his face, I felt happythat I was able to help.(2017 年北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频

34、的全过程。注意：词数不少于 60。参考词汇：视频 video参考范文：Graduation finally came.In order to leave some impressivememories for all of us before graduation，our class made a specialvideo to express our appreciation to our school.Material collecting took us a whole week, during which weinterviewed our teachers and took pict

35、ures of every aspect ofschool life.The editing part after that was tough.We debated overwhat to put into the video.Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out perfect.Several days later, when the videowas played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received.Thestudents and teachers

36、 shared a good time.That surely gave us asense of achievement.二、应用文应用文是每年高考考查频率最高的体裁之一，其中书信、电子邮件类最为常见。从近几年看，高考书信写作主要包括建议信、邀请信、感谢信、投诉信、申请信、道歉信、普通书信/电子邮件等。(一)建议信题型特点建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。建议信可能是写给个人，也可能是写给某个组织或机构，信的内容要包括写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以 first

37、ly, secondly,thirdly 或 to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least 等依次陈述建议，具体结构为：1.表明写作意图建议信 2.具体的建议及理由3.指出采纳建议的好处常用句式1.开头常用语(1)Youve asked me for advice with regard to/regarding.andIll try to make some useful suggestions here.关于你向我征求建议，在此，我将尽力提出一些有用的建议。(2)Im sorry to know that you are havi

38、ng trouble with/indoing.at the moment.得知此刻你遇到麻烦我深感遗憾。2.主体部分常用语(1)Whenitcomesto/Asfor.Iwouldliketosuggest/recommend.涉及/关于我想建议(2)The following are my suggestions./My suggestions are asfollows.我的建议如下。(3)In my opinion/Personally speaking/As far as Im concerned,it would be wise to take the following acti

39、ons.在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。(4)I would like to suggest that.我想建议(5)I think it would be more beneficial if you could.我想如果你能可能会更有利。3.结尾常用语(1)I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope mysuggestions will be of benefit to you.我希望你会觉得这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。(2)I believe you will take my advice into acco

40、unt/consideration seriously.我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。黄金模板Dear _，(建议对象)Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on howto_.(引出对方需要建议的主题)Here are a few suggestions.( 引 出 作 者 建 议 ) First, it isimportant to_.Then, it also helps to _.Besides, itshould be a good idea to _.You can also_.可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下

41、：As to_， I suggest _.(需要具体到某一方面)In addition，_.(其他的建议) Im sure _.(预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心)I hope _.(表达愿望)Yours sincerely，Li Hua例假设你是李华，你的学校在学生中征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设 iPad 课堂(iPad classrooms)。你支持开设 iPad 课堂。请给校长写一封建议信。内容包括：1.资源丰富；2.促进交流；3.利于环保；4.其他理由。1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Headmast

42、er，We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPadclassrooms._Yours sincerely，Li Hua注意：范文欣赏Dear Headmaster，We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPadclassrooms.I am in favour of this plan for the following reasons.To begin with ， everyone learns differently.Students cancustomize the

43、ir iPad with materials that fit their level and learningstyle ， and thus tailor it to different needs.Moreover ， whenconnected to the Internet ，students can interact with teachers andclassmates more conveniently.For the sake of environmentalprotection，opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save tr

44、eesthat we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly ， Ibelieve students will develop their interests in the subjects byenjoying a new way of learning.I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and welook forward to attending an iPad class.Yours sincerely，Li Hua假设你是李华，你班最近举行了一次班会，讨论怎样

45、使英语学习变成一件快乐的事。请你根据下面所提示的信息，为某英语网站写一封建议信，谈谈你们的讨论情况并提出你的建议。内容包括：1.课内互动；2.课外活动；3.英语运用。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：互动的 interactiveDear Sir，Recently, we had a discussion on how to make Englishlearning relaxing and fun._Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Sir，Recently, we had a discussion on how to make Engl

46、ish learningrelaxing and fun. The students have put forward many suggestionsabout it.Some of them suggest that we have more interactive activitiesin class, which will provide a chance for us to use English.Afterclass, its up to us to find as many chances as possible to practiseit.We can even organiz

47、e English speech contests or Englishevenings, which are all fun ways to learn English.There is no limit to the ways we come up with to make it a funthing to learn English.In my opinion, we can listen to English songs,watch English TV programs or make English pen friends on theInternet.Its also a goo

48、d idea to surf English websites, which offersus a fun world of English.Yours，Li Hua(二)邀请信题型特点邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难，其结构为：1.表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请邀请信 2.说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容3.期待对方接受邀请，并表示感谢常用句式1.开头常用语(1)Were throwing a surprise party for.Wed like to invite youto./Its my honor to invite you to.我们将为举

49、办惊喜派对。我们想邀请你/我非常荣幸地邀请你(2)I am writing to invite you to./Im writing to tell you thatthere will be.我写信邀请你/我写信告诉将有(3)It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to. 如能邀请你参加是我莫大的荣幸。2.主体部分常用语(1)Here are some details about this activity./The following aresome details about this activity./Some det

50、ails about this activity areas follows.活动的细节如下。(2)I would like to meet you there and please let me know yourdecision soon.我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。3.结尾常用语(1)I would feel very honored if you could come./We wouldappreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your earlyconvenience./An early reply

51、is appreciated.如果你能来，我将倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感激你的早日回复。(2)Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you cancome to.？如果你能来请写信告诉我，好吗？(3)If you are interested in it, let me know and Ill send youmore information.如果你对此感兴趣，告诉我，我会给你发送更多的信息。黄金模板Dear _，(邀请对象)Hows everything with you? Im writi

52、ng to tell you that therewill be a _ (活动) in/at _ (地点) on _ (时间).I wonder if youd like to go with me.(发出邀请)The occasion will start at _.( 具体时间) This will befollowed by a_.( 进一步的安排) At around _( 时间)，_.(另一个安排)If you are interested in it, let me know.Hope to meet you atthe_ (地点)./I really hope you can

53、make it.(再次邀请) Myphone number is _( 电 话 号 码 ).Looking forwardto_.Yours sincerely，Li Hua例假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，请给你的美国朋友 Jim写一封信，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加。内容包括：1.介绍训练营的相关内容(如：时间，地点，参加者等)；2.说明你打算参加的原因；3.询问对方的意向。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.开头和结尾已经给出， 不计入总词数。参考词汇：龙舟训练营 Dragon Boat Training CampDear Jim，_Yours，Li Hua范文欣赏Dear J

54、im，Im writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summerholiday.I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder ifyoud like to go with me.This camp will be open on July 20th.It offers teenagers, likeyou and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chineseculture.If you are interested in i

55、t, let me know and Ill send youmore information.Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.Yours，Li Hua(2017 年新课标卷)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry 一 起 参 观 中 国 剪 纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件。内容包括：1.展览时间、地点；2.展览内容。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear Henry，How are things going with you?Ive got great new

56、s for you.There will be an art exhibition onChinese paper-cutting this month.Knowing that you show greatinterest in Chinese culture, Id like to invite you to attend theexhibition with me.The exhibition, to be held in the City Hall of Xian, lasts forseven days from June 6th to 12th, which attracts a

57、large number ofvisitors at home and abroad.Featuring Chinese paper-cutting, theexhibition not only shows a variety of paper-cuts in differentregions, but also presents us the history and development ofpaper-cutting in China.I am sure that it will broaden your horizonsand that you will enjoy it.I won

58、der if it is convenient for you to joinme in visiting the exhibition.Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua(三)感谢信题型特点感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的书信，有感谢和表扬双重意思。其结构为：1.点明写信目的感谢信 2.描述事件经过3.再次表示感谢，表达回报心情常用句式1.开头常用语(1)I am writing to express my thanks/convey my gratitude toyou for.我写这封信是因为以表达

59、我对你(们)的感激。(2)I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks toyou for.在信中我要为向你(们)表达我诚挚的谢意。(3)Thank you so much for the gift you sent me.Its one of themost wonderful gifts Ive ever got.非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好的礼物之一。(4)Id like to take this opportunity to express my appreciationfor your timely

60、help and assistance. 我谨借此机会表达对你给予我们及时的帮助和支持的感激。(5)On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend mysincere gratitude for.我谨代表我全家对表示真诚的感激之情。2.结尾常用语(1)Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, andwe will remember them forever. 没有什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远牢记在心。(2)Again, I would like to expres

61、s my warm thanks to you ！/Thanks again for your kind help.我再次对你表示衷心的感谢。/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。黄金模板Dear _，(感谢对象)I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you for_.( 感谢的原因) If it had not been for your assistance in_，(对方给你的具体帮助) I fear that I would have been_.(没有对方帮助的结果)Everyone agrees that it was you who

62、 _.(给出细节)Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Pleaseaccept my gratitude.Yours sincerely，Li Hua例假设你是李华，李萍是你在北京的好朋友，今年暑假你去北京游玩时，她给了你很多的帮助，热情款待了你，带你参观了北京的名胜古迹。请根据以下提示内容，给她写一封信，表达你对她的感谢。内容包括：1.感谢的原因；2.具体帮助的细节；3.表达感谢。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Li Ping，_Yours

63、 sincerely，Li Hua范文欣赏Dear Li Ping，How is everything with you? Im writing to thank you for yourwarm reception during my visit to Beijing this summer holiday.During the visit, I stayed at your home, and you cooked threedelicious meals for me.You showed me around quite a few placesof interest, such as

64、the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and theSummer Palace.Besides, you took many beautiful photos ofme.Whats more, you went shopping with me.I really had awonderful time.Another thing that I should mention is that yourparents were so kind to drive us.Thank you for your kindness again and give my best

65、regardsto your parents.Yours sincerely，Li Hua假设你是李华，在英国朋友 Toby 家里度过了愉快的两周。回国后，你打算给他写一封感谢信。内容包括：1.感谢他的热情招待；2.总结两周收获(如了解了英国文化，提高了英语听说能力等)；3.邀请他明年来中国。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Toby，_Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Toby，I am writing to express my gratitude for your hospitality whenI

66、 stayed at your home in England, which was an unforgettableexperience for me and I benefited a lot from it.During the two weeks, I learned a lot about English cultureand history by visiting many museums in England.In anenvironment exposed to English, my English listening andspeaking abilities got im

67、proved greatly.Furthermore, I made somenew friends who helped me a lot.Welcome to my home next summer.I will be your guide andyou can experience traditional Chinese culture and taste Chinesefood.Im looking forward to your coming.Yours，Li Hua(四)投诉信题型特点在生活中，通常用写投诉信的方式解决诸如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等问题。投诉信通常包括以

68、下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施，或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。其结构为：1.交代要投诉的问题投诉信 2.描述投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果3.提出解决方案常用句式1.开头常用语(1)I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at.我写此信表达我对的不满。(2)Im.who bought.from your website several days ago.I amwriting to complain about.

69、 我是几天前从你们的网站上购 买了的我写信投诉2.主体部分常用语(1)There is something wrong with.I bought.For onething.for another (thing). 我买的有问题。 首先其次(2)I am completely disappointed to find.To improve thesituation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures. 当我发现我彻底失望了。为了改进这种情况，建议你采取以下措施。3.结尾常用语(1)I would be very del

70、ighted if you could consider mycomplaint seriously.I do hope.will be improved as soon aspossible./I do hope you can give me a satisfactory reply as soon aspossible.Thank you for your consideration. 如果你能认真对待我的投诉，我会非常高兴。我确实希望将会尽快得到改善。/我确实希望你可以尽快给我一个满意的答复。感谢你的体谅。(2).refund the cost and pay me damages.退

71、回费用并赔偿我的损失。(3)I would like to have a refund or a replacement as soon aspossible.我想尽快退款或更换。(4)I hope you will give due attention to this matter. 我希望你给予此事应有的重视。黄金模板Dear Sir/Madam，My name is/Im _.(自我介绍) I am writing to you forsomething/to tell you something about _(投诉的内容)._.(简述导致矛盾的事件) I _.(表达本人曾做过的努力)

72、 But _.( 投诉原因一)Besides, _.( 投诉原因二) To be frank，_.(客观的评论，以示诚恳) I dohope/I require that_.(表达本人期待的解决方案)Thank you for your time and kind consideration.(信件结尾常用语)Yours，_(写信人名称)例假设你是李华，双十一期间你在某购物平台上购买了一条连衣裙，作为顾客，你发现好几处不满意的地方。请你根据以下提示写一封信投诉商家表达对其服务的不满意。内容包括：1.发货迟，迟收十多天；2.裙子颜色本该是黑色，收到的却是灰色；3.所选尺码为 S 码，错发 L 码

73、；4.提出理赔要求。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Sir/Madam,_Yours,Li Hua范文欣赏Dear Sir/Madam，Im writing to you to make some complaints about the dress Ibought in your store the other day.To begin with, the color of the dress I ordered was black, butwhat I received was grey.In additio

74、n, what fits me is size S whilethe size of the dress I received was size L which is far larger forme.Worse still, the dress should have been received on December5th.However, the date I got it was more than ten days later.I think you should take full responsibility for it and pay for thepostage.I ins

75、ist that you give me a satisfactory reply.I do want youto change a new dress or give me my money back as soon aspossible.Yours，Li Hua假设你是李华，寒假前你从某海外网站订购了一本英文原版小说 Life of Pi，货到后你打开包装发现有问题。请用英文给店主 Alice 女士写封电子邮件。内容包括：1.问题：有缺页，封面有污渍；2.要求：调换新书，尽快发货；3.邮寄地址：因学校放假，新地址改为“清江市东风街 186号”，电话 18867626868。注意：1.词数

76、100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Alice，_Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Alice，I was very glad to receive my favourite novel Life of Pi.However, when I opened the package, I was sorry to findsomething wrong with it.Firstly, some pages are missing.Inaddition, there are some dirty spots on the co

77、ver, which looks ugly.I would like you to exchange a new one for me.Now that thewinter holiday is around the corner, I would appreciate it if youcould post the new book as soon as possible according to the newaddress: No.186 Dongfeng Street, Qingjiang City.I can be reachedby 18867626868.Im looking f

78、orward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua(五)申请信题型特点申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面谈的机会。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点，并要注意人称和时态的变化，避免出现逻辑混乱。其结构为：申请信1.点明目的，自我介绍，点出信息来源2.详述个人优势，简述个人要求3.表达感谢，简述获准后的打算，期待对方优先考虑

79、常用句式1.开头常用语(1)I learned on your website that. 我 从 你 们 的 网 站 上 得知(2)I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualifiedcandidate for.我写信推荐自己为的合格人选。(3)I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain anopportunity to.我写信给你是希望我可以获得一个的机会。2.主体部分常用语(1)For one thing, I can help.For another thing,

80、I can improvemy English, make more friends, and enrich my life.一方面，我能帮助另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，并充实生活。(2)I am confident that Im suitable for./Im qualified todo./Im equal to (doing).我确信，我适合/我有做的资格/我能胜任(做) 3.结尾常用语(1)I would appreciate it if I have the chance of doing/to do.如果我有做的机会，我将不胜感激。(2)Should you

81、 offer me an interview, I would be mostgrateful.Looking forward to your reply soon.如果你能给我提供面试的机会，我将非常感激。期待你的早日答复。黄金模板模板一Dear Sir/Madam，Im_.( 简 单 自 我 介 绍 ) When I was reading theadvertisement，_.(表达看到相关广告后的感受) I thinkits a good opportunity for me to _.( 应 聘 的 原 因 )Therefore I recommend myself to you w

82、ithout hesitation.I _.( 陈 述 本 人 的 性 格 优 势 ) For one thing, I can_.( 陈述本人特长一) For another thing, I can _.(陈述本人特长二)Please contact me at _( 你的联系方式一：电话号码).Or e-mail me at_(你的联系方式二：电子邮箱地址).I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua模板二Dear Sir/Madam，Im_.(自我介绍) Im writing to apply for

83、the position_.( 说 明 写 信 目 的 ) I really want to obtain this preciousopportunity because_.(说明自己为什么很想得到这次宝贵机会).Besides，_.(分层次说明自己的优势)I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.Iwill be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.(表达期望)Looking forward to your reply.Yours truly，Li

84、 Hua例假设你是李华。你打算高中毕业后申请英国剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)的教育学专业。请你给剑桥大学招生办公室写一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.自我介绍；2.询问对申请人英语方面的要求；3.询问提交申请的起止时间。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Sir/Madam，_Looking forward to your reply!Yours sincerely，Li Hua范文欣赏Dear Sir/Madam，Im Li Hua, a senior high school stud

85、ent from China and Illgraduate in June.I have been dreaming of being a student inUniversity of Cambridge, and I plan to major in education.Imwonderingwhattheadmissionrequirementsforinternational applicants are.Ill have learned English for six yearsupon graduation, but I need to know what kinds of te

86、sts of theEnglish language are required for applicants.I scored well inTOEFL one year ago, but is that enough?Whats more, would you please tell me what materials I shouldsubmit? Besides, when do you begin to accept applications andwhat is the deadline for them?Looking forward to your reply!Yours sin

87、cerely，Li Hua假设你是李华，你校的外教 Chris Pearson 开设了一个英语辅导班(English Tutorial)，可根据学生的实际需要进行辅导。报名者需根据个人实际情况提出申请并选择辅导内容。假如你是李明，请你给外教写一封电子邮件申请加入辅导班。内容包括：1.介绍个人情况；2.说明辅导意向(如口语、语法、写作、文化知识等其中的一项或几项)；3.表达愿望。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mr.Pearson，I am writing to apply for the membershi

88、p of the EnglishTutorial._Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Mr.Pearson，I am writing to apply for the membership of the EnglishTutorial. I think it is a good chance for me to improve my Englishskills.Firstly, Id like to tell you my present situation.Though I havebeen learn

89、ing English for nearly six years, Im still not good at it.Ifind the grammar is so difficult that I must spend much time onit.In addition, to ensure students can get good marks in exams, ourteacher only emphasizes the teaching of English knowledge.As a result, we have no chance to practice oral Engli

90、sh.From timeto time, I cant get my ideas across to others.Therefore, I hope I canbe a member of the English Tutorial.Im convinced that mygrammar and oral English could be greatly improved with yourhelp.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua(六)道歉信题型特点道歉信是因过失或疏忽做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后为了给对方赔

91、礼道歉而写的信件。其结构为：1.表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意道歉信 2.说明道歉的具体原因3.再次表明歉意，请求谅解，并提出补救措施常用句式1.开头常用语(1)I am writing this letter to apologize to you for.我写这封信是因向你道歉。(2)I am writing to express/convey my deepest apology to you.我写信向你表达我深深的歉意。2.主体部分常用语(1)Much to my regret, I was unable to.and I wish that myapology could help t

92、o some extent.很遗憾，我不能够希望我的道歉在某种程度上能起到作用。(2)I remember we planned to.but now because.I cannot.with you as planned. 我记得我们原本计划 但是现在由于我不能与你如期3.结尾常用语(1)Once again, Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.对于造成的任何不便我再次表示歉意。(2)I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in myposition and accept my apologi

93、es.我衷心地希望你能够站在我的角度考虑一下，并接受我的道歉。黄金模板Dear_，I am sorry to tell you that_.( 陈述道歉原因) Now Iam writing you this letter of an apology to show my deep regret.I hope you will understand me and excuse me for_.( 请求对方原谅的事由) The reason for my delay/absence is/wasthat_.(解释道歉原因) Therefore, _.I sincerely hope that y

94、ou can accept my apology andunderstand it.I would appreciate your allowing me to _.(提出补救措施) Once again, Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.Yours sincerely，Li Hua例假设你是李华，与 Tom 约定下周末去北京游玩，但临时有事不能应约，请你用英语给他写封邮件，说明情况。内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明具体原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear

95、 Tom，_Yours sincerely，Li Hua范文欣赏Dear Tom，I am indeed very sorry that I am unable to go to Beijing withyou next weekend, which I have promised.I feel sorry about it andwant you to know what happened.Just now, my cousin Li Qiang, who left home for Australia forhis further study last year, informed me

96、that he would return thisSaturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport withhis family.You know, we havent seen each other for nearly a year.I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and understandit.I would appreciate your allowing me to make another date toshow you around Beijing. On

97、ce again, Im sorry for anyinconvenience caused.Yours sincerely，Li Hua(2016 年新课标卷)假定你是李华，与留学生朋友 Bob 约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Bob，_Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Bob，Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you onFriday afternoon.I hav

98、e just found that I have to attend animportant class meeting that afternoon.I hope the change will notcause you too much trouble.Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so thatwell have more time to read and select books.If its convenient foryou, lets meet at 8：30 outside the school ga

99、te.If not, let me knowwhat time suits you best.I should be available at any time afterschool next week.Yours，Li Hua(七)普通书信/电子邮件题型特点英文 e-mail 和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同，其开头、结尾常常都会给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。常用句式1.开头常用语(1)I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me twoweeks ago.我很高兴收到你两星期前寄给我的信。(2)How are

100、 you getting along with. ？ 你近来 进展如何？(3)There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter.再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。2.主体部分常用语(1)Ive been thinking about the question you wrote in theletter.In my opinion, you should.我一直在思考你信中提到的问题。在我看来，你应该(2)If necessary, we can arrange a face-to-face discussionsomet

101、ime this week.如果有必要，本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。3.结尾常用语(1)Ill greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliestconvenience.请在方便时尽早回信，我将非常感激。(2)Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible. 盼望能尽快收到你的来信。黄金模板Dear _，Im_.I am writing to talk about _.(提出主题)I like it very much mainly for the following reasons

102、.First ，_ ， I think, is/are very popular with_.( 原因一)Whats more, along with _ there are_.( 原 因 二 )However，_.Therefore, Id like to suggest _.(个人看法)Best regards.Yours sincerely，Li Hua例假设你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter 得知你家三世同堂，对这种生活方式很不理解。你就此给他回复一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.陪伴；2.照顾；3.其他。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Peter

103、，_Yours，Li Hua范文欣赏Dear Peter，How are you getting along these days? It is normal that youcannot understand why my grandparents are living with us.Here issomething about it.As we all know, old people always feel lonely, so do mygrandparents.Besides, when my parents are busy with their work,my grandpar

104、ents will keep me companied.What is most importantis that they are in poor health, so they need looking after.Only inthis way can we take good care of each other.Actually, in Chinagenerations are willing to live together.Caring for the old isconsidered as a virtue in Chinese culture.How about your c

105、ulture about supporting your elders? Imlooking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua假如你是李华。上周你们学校举行了秋季运动会，请给你的美国笔友 Jack 写一封电子邮件，介绍你和你们班同学参加运动会的情况和感受。内容包括：1.运动会项目多，组织好；2.你参加比赛的情况；3.同学们运动会期间的表现；4.你对这次运动会的感受。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jack，How nice to hear from you again!_You

106、rs truly，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Jack，How nice to hear from you again!Let me tell you somethingabout the autumn sports meeting held in our school last week.The sports meeting was well-organized.There were a numberof events to choose from, such as basketball, badminton, joggingand so on.I took part in joggin

107、g and finally I was the third one whopassed the finishing line.My classmates cheered the players on andeach player tried his best to win honor for his class.Thanks to ourefforts, our class won the first place.The sports meeting was a great success and I hope moreactivities like this can be organized

108、 in the future.Yours truly，Li Hua(八)口头通知题型特点口头通知要求比较灵活，语言简明扼要。其结构为：1.事件简要信息口头通知 2.事件详细信息/活动过程/活动须知3.结束语常用句式1.开头常用语(1)Ladies and gentlemen.女士们和先生们。(2)May I have your attention, please? I have an announcementto make.请注意，好吗？我要通知一件事情。2.主体部分常用语(1)There will be a party/speech/contest held by the EnglishDe

109、partment in the hall of the library on Saturday evening. 周六晚上，在图书馆大厅，英语系将会举行一场聚会/演讲/比赛。(2)Our school has decided to hold an activity to climbXiangshan Hill this Sunday.我们学校决定这周日组织去爬香山。(3)There will be various activities then, such as singing,dancing, exchanging gifts with one another and so on.到时会有丰

110、富多彩的活动，比如唱歌、跳舞、互换礼物等。3.结尾常用语(1)Those who are interested in the activity are welcome. 欢迎对此活动感兴趣的人参加。(2)Those who want to take part in it can sign up at the StudentUnion.想要参加的人可以在学生会报名。(3)Remember to take your hats and gloves. 记得带上你的帽子和手套。(4)Please come on time and dont be late.请准时到，不要迟到。(5)You might

111、as well take a camera in case you want to takesome photos of the beautiful scenery.你不妨带个相机以防万一你想要给美丽的风景拍照。(6)Please pass on this message to those who are not here today.请把这个消息告诉今天不在场的人。(7)I hope that you will have a nice time there. 我希望你在那里过得愉快。(8)Thats all.Thank you！我说完了。谢谢！黄金模板Good _ ，everyone.May

112、 I have your attention,please？(引起注意)Im the chairman of the Student Union.As _ (时间、节目等) is around the corner, we are going to hold_ (活动名)for you, which is intended to enable you to have a betterunderstanding of _ (活动目的).During the party, not only can you_ ， but you willalso _.Whats more, youll _.(活动益

113、处)_is scheduled (计划于)_.(主要内容)Please make sure you wont miss it.Thank you for yourattention.(注意事项)例为了方便同学们购书，新华书店定于 2019 年 9 月 16 日来你校设一天书市。书籍主要有各种参考书、字典等。另外还有科普读物及一些文学作品，如诗集、中外小说等。书市设在你校大门口，从上午 9：30 开始到下午 5：00 结束。今天是 2019年 9 月 14 日，现由你向全班同学口头通知并欢迎同学们届时参观选购。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。范文欣赏Boys a

114、nd girls, attention please! I have some good news to tellyou.For the convenience of the students to buy books, a bookexhibition is going to be held at the school gate the day aftertomorrow from 9：30 a.m.to 5：00 p.m.It will provide a golden opportunity for you to get exposed toa wide range of books.Y

115、ou are sure to find whatever kinds of booksinterest you.Apart from various reference books and dictionaries,also available at the exhibition are other books such as popularscience books and works of literature like collections of poems andChinese and foreign novels.Everyone is welcome to go and buy.

116、Thanks for your attention.假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。内容包括：1.时间：下周五 6：008：002.地点：教学楼 101 室3.内容：唱中国歌，比赛用筷子，学习包饺子等。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Good afternoon, everyone.May I have your attention, please？_Please make sure you wont

117、 miss it.Thank you for yourattention.参考范文：Good afternoon, everyone.May I have your attention, please?Im the chairman of Student Union.As New Year is around thecorner, we are going to hold a New Year party for you, which isintended to enable you to have a better understanding of Chineseculture.During

118、 the party, not only can you sing a Chinese song, butyou will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are atusing chopsticks.Whats more, youll learn at the party how to makedumplings.Sounds great, doesnt it? The party is scheduled inRoom 101 of the Teaching Building from 6：00 p.m.to 8：00

119、 p.m.next Friday.Please make sure you wont miss it.Thank you for yourattention.三、说明文说明文是以说明为主要的表达方式，要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查，一般分为三大类：场所路线介绍，事物介绍，方式方法或计划安排介绍。在写作时要求语言简明扼要、通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。写作时要注意：1.注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能客观反映事物本身的逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组

120、织结构上可按时间顺序、空间顺序、结构顺序、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。2.注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述。可采取先举例，后总结或者先总结，后举例的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。3.这种文体通常使用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。常用句式(1)As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentagein the table(graph/picture/chart).正如图表里面所展示的(2)From the sharp/marked rise/decline in the chart, it goes

121、without saying that _.从图表里面显著数据的上涨/下降，毫无疑问可以说(3)There are at least two good reasons accounting for_.On the one hand, _.至少有 2 个很好的原因解释一方面(4)As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that_.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.就我个人而言，我认为我相信我的观点是合理的和有充分根据的。黄金模板The chart gives us

122、 an overall picture of the _(图表主题).The first thing we notice is that_(图表最大特点).Thismeans that as _， _(进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that _(图表细节一 ).After v.-ing _( 细 节 一 中 的 第 一 个 变 化 ) ， the_v.-ed幅度时间(紧跟着的变化).The figures also tellus that_ (图表细节二).(数据位置) In the second column,we can see t

123、hat _accounts for _(进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusionthat_(结论).The reason for that, as far as I am concerned isthat_ (给出原因)./It is high time that we _ (发出倡议).例学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“MyMagic _”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容包括：1.说明设计理由；2.介绍新功能。注意：1.词数 100 左右

124、；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。范文欣赏My Magic PenPens are necessities for every student.So we are all familiarwith them.I designed my pen.On the one hand, its easy to carry.On theother hand, its used not only for writing but also in other importantaspects.Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light b

125、ulb,so when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it as aflasher.I wont be afraid of darkness any more.Secondly, I fix a tinyclock in the pen, so I can know the time and I dont have to wearmy watch.At last, I put a sharp knife on the top of the pen.I caneither use it for cutting things o

126、r even protecting myself when Icome across danger.Such is the pen which I designed.Isnt it useful or attractive?某机构针对人们吃快餐的情况进行了一项调查。结果如下图所示：请根据上面饼状图的信息，为校报的英语专栏写一篇短文，介绍这项调查的结果，并针对该不该经常吃快餐谈谈你的看法。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：The above pie chart shows the result of a survey on “Howmany times

127、do you eat fast food a week ？” As we can see, 44%of those questioned eat fast food once a week while 28% never.14% eat fast food twice a week and 8% three times a week.6% eatfast food every day.These figures are shocking because so many people eat fastfood regularly.As we all know ，fast food is cons

128、idered to be junkfood.If we eat junk food too much，we cannot get enough nutrientsthat our bodies need，which is harmful to our health.So lets resistfast food and have a balanced diet.Eating well will make ushealthy.四、议论文议论文是高考英语试卷中常考查的文体之一。一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题，通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道

129、理、辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达中，议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。写作方法主要是三段式作文法。所谓三段式作文法，就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式布局谋篇，即开头、正文、结尾。三段式写作模式思路清晰、结构分明，是考生提高自己的作文档次的最佳选择。1.第一段：开门见山直奔主题。提出要解决的问题或观点，或者交代清楚时间、地点、人物以及事情。2.第二段：摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。该部分条理要清楚，过渡要自然，也就是评分细则所要求的“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑完全达到预期的写作

130、目的”。 为了迅速把握句与句、段与段的连接方式，很有必要熟记表示各种逻辑意义的过渡词语。3.最后一段：得出结论。可以有三种方式：(1)重复中心思想。回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。(2)引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。(3)得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。常用句式(1)Recently we had a discussion about. 最近我们有一个关于的讨论。(2)Most of the students are in favour of it. 大多数学生支持它。(3)Howeve

131、r, the others are strongly against it.然而，其他人强烈反对它。(4)Their reasons are as follows.In the first place.Whatsmore.In addition.理由如下。首先其次最后(5)Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh thedisadvantages.就我个人而言，利大于弊黄金模板黄金模板一：对比观点题型1.要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。其结构为：(1)有一些人认为(2)另一些人认为(3)我的看法The topic of _ ( 主 题

132、) is becoming more and morepopular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Somepeople say A is their favourite.They hold their view that _( 支持 A 的理由一).Whats more, _ ( 理由二).Moreover,_ (理由三).While others think that B is a better choice for the followingthree reasons.Firstly ， _ ( 支 持 B 的 理 由

133、 一 ).Secondly(Besides)，_ (理由二).Thirdly (Finally)，_ (理由三).From my point of view, I think _ ( 我 的 观 点 ).Thereason is that _ ( 理由).As a matter of fact, there are someother reasons to explain my choice.For me, _ (theformer/the latter) is surely a wise choice.2.给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点。其结构为：(1)介绍某个观点看法(2)表明不同意，

134、并说明理由Some people believe that _ ( 观 点 一 ).For example,they think _ (举例说明).And it will bring them _(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.Forone thing ，_ ( 我不同意该看法的理由一 ).For anotherthing, _ (反对的理由二).From all that I have said, I agree to the thought that _(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).黄

135、金模板二：阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。其结构为：1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义；2.分析并举例使其更充实。The good old proverb_ (名言或谚语) reminds us that_ (释义).Indeed, we can learn many things from it.First of all，_ (理由一).For example, _(举例说明).Secondly，_ (理由二).Another case is that _(举例说明).Furthermore, _ (理由三).In my opinion, _( 我的观点).In

136、short, whatever youdo, please remember the saying _.If you understand it andapply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot fromit.黄金模板三：说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物的前景提出预测)。其结构为：1.说明事物现状；2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)；3.你对现状(或前景)的看法。Nowadays many people

137、prefer A because it has a significantrole in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen asfollows.First, _ (A 的优点之一).Besides, _ (A 的优点之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are alsoapparent.One of the important disadvantages is that _ (A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse, _ (A 的第

138、二个缺点).Through the analysis above, I believe that the positive aspectsoverweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to _(我的看法).From the comparison between positive and negative effects ofA, we should take it reasonably and do it according to thecircumstances we are in.Only by this way，_ (对前景的预测

139、).例在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你 以 “When I Have a Different Opinion” 为 题 ， 用英语写一篇100120 个词的短文。要求如下：1.从以上两种做法中选择一种；2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。When I Have a Different Opinion_范文欣赏When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in

140、organizing classactivities.We may have various ways to deal with such asituation.When I have a better idea，I would choose to stick to it.Bydoing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learnto express myself clearly.Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.Most ofmy classmat

141、es wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of goingto a nicer place.I managed to persuade my classmates intoaccepting my idea.We did have a good time that day.Good opinionsare worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.高考之后的暑假对高三学生来说既清闲又忙碌。有些同学频繁地聚会， 甚至喝酒； 整夜上网，打游戏；睡懒觉， 甚至睡到中午。请你用英语写一篇短文，

142、谈谈你对这种现象的认识及你的打算。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。The summer vacation after the College Entrance Examinationis a time for Senior Three students to get relaxed. _参考范文：The summer vacation after the College Entrance Examinationis a time for Senior Three students to get relaxed. Many stu

143、dentsare so happy to get away from their studies that they go to oneparty after another and even drink a lot of beer.They play onlinegames throughout the night and they oversleep even till noon.As far as Im concerned, these things are meaningless andeven harmful to their health.We should make the mo

144、st of thespecial time to do some meaningful things.First I want to have agood rest to recover from the tiring examination.Then Im going tohave a tour with my parents to Mount Huang, where I can breathefresh air and enjoy the beauty of nature.After that, I will stay athome reading some books to acquire more knowledge.Besides, Iwill make some preparations for my further studies.In a word, this period of time is so valuable that none of usstudents should waste it.Lets make full preparations for our future.