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1、2012年考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildren_totheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.A.todevelopB.tobedevelopedC.developingD.willdevelop AForthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential在句中做目的状语，these
2、children是todevelop的逻辑主语，这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的。B中不定式被动式与句意相悖;for不是连词，故不能选D，否则语句不通。SpaceexplorationpromisestoopenupmanySpaceexplorationpromisestoopenupmanynewterritoriesforhumansettlement,aswellasnewterritoriesforhumansettlement,aswellas_theharvestofmineralresources._theharvestofmineralresources.A.l
3、eadstoleadstoB.toleadtotoleadtoC.leadingtoleadingtoD.leadtoleadto Caswellas在语法功能上相当于介词，所以在句中要接动名词leadingto。 Someday, solar power collected by satellites Someday, solar power collected by satellites _ the earth or fission power (_ the earth or fission power (裂变能裂变能)manufactured by mankind may give us
4、 all the )manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.energy we need for an expanding civilization.A.circled circled B.to circleto circleC.circlingcirclingD.circlescirclesC句子的主语为solarpowerorfissionpower，谓语是maygive,collectedbysatellitecirclingtheearth是后置定语
5、修饰solarpower，其中circlingtheearth又是现在分词短语修饰satellite，“环绕地球的卫星”，相当于thesatellitewhichcirclestheearth。其他选择项均不符合句子语法结构要求。 Inthisexperiment,theyarewakenedseveraltimesduringthenight,andaskedtoreportwhatthey_.A.hadjustbeendreamingB.arejustdreamingC.havejustbeendreamingD.hadjustdreamtC句中已给出频次状语severaltimes，说明
6、要用完成时态，同时句子的时态定位是现在时theyarewakened，显然不能用过去完成时，所以选C。Herterrorwassogreat_somewheretoescape,shewouldhaverunforherlife.A.onlyifB.thattherehadonlybeenC.thathadthereonlybeenD.iftherewereonlyC这是一个sothat结构表示结果状语的句型，A、D可以排除。在that从句中又有条件从句，而且应该是虚拟语气结构，B中没有表示条件的连词，是错误的。C虽然也没有连词if，但采用了倒装结构，可以将if省略，又是haddone，表示与
7、过去事实相反的假设，时态、结构完全正确，因此是惟一正确的选择。Somewomen_agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A.mustmakeB.shouldhavemadeC.wouldmakeD.couldhavemadeD这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。shouldhavemade意思是“本应该做而实际上没做”，与原句意不够贴切。Alightwithnomorepowe
8、rthan_byanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.A.asisproducedB.thatproducedC.thatisproducedD.producedB相当于Alightwithnomorepowerthanthepowerthatisproducedby。that代替power，表示相比较的事物，而D中没有比较对象，故不对;as表示原级比较，不与than用在一起，故A也不正确;C中缺少that的先行词，也是错误的。 Formostpeople
9、theseawasremote,andwithFormostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelerstheexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,thereorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,waslittlereasontoaskmanyquestion
10、saboutit,letalone_whatlaybeneaththesurface.letalone_whatlaybeneaththesurface.A.askingA.askingB.askB.askC.toaskC.toaskD.beaskedD.beaskedCletalone，“更不用说”，在用法上相当于并列连词，因此要求填入与前面一样的结构，此处是不定式。Eveniftheyareonsale,these_refrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,attheotherstore.A.anyoneB.theother
11、sC.thatD.theonesD句子要求填一个能够代替theserefrigerators的代词，故排除A、C。theothers一般与另一部分相对而言，在此句中不对，所以选theones。Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthas_itssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceans.A.areB.isC.doD.hasA句子后半句是倒装句，主语是复数itssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceans，因为较长，所以后置，故选A。Fromnowon,whenanyoneinourra
12、nkswhohasdonesomeusefulworkdies,soldierorcook,weshouldhaveafuneralceremonyandamemorialmeetinginhishonor.A.nomatterheisB.whetherhehasbeenC.beheD.whetherbeheC此句含有让步状语从句whetheror“不管是还是”，采用倒装后省略连词，用原形动词，所以只能选C。In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andwashonoredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazismhewasdrivenfromGerman
13、ybecausehewasaJew.A.thenB.andC.whenD.beforeCwhen引导时间从句：“纳粹上台的时候,他被赶出德国”then不是连词,用在句中不符合句法要求;如果选B,应为andthen;before填入句中句意不通。Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentofusedtobecallednaturalphilosophyfromwhichmostofpresent-daysciencearose.A.thatB.allC.whichD.whatD句中要求一个能够引导of介词宾语从句的连接词,所以只有what具有这个功能。thepopulat
14、ionofworkingageincreasedby1millionbetween1981and1986,todayitisbarelygrowing.A.WhereasB.EvenifC.AfterD.NowthatA前后两个句子是对比关系:increased和barelygrowing,而evenif表示让步“即使”;after表示时间;nowthat表示原因,故只有whereas正确。Hisfeatureswereagreeable;hisbody,slightofbuild,hadsomethingofathleticoutline.A.somehowB.asC.thoughD.som
15、ewhatCthough表示让步,意为“虽然”，全句的意思是:“他的长相挺好,身体虽然瘦小,但有点儿运动员的样子。”somehow“不知怎么”、“不知什么原因”。as可以引导让步从句,但句子结构要倒装,不用于省略句,因此在此处不合适。somewhat“有几分”、“有点儿”,没有让步意味。Bythefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,internationalcommercialtrafficvastlybeyondtodayslevels.A.willbeexpectedtoextendB.willhavebeenexpectedtoextendC.isexpectedto
16、beextendedD.isexpectedtohaveextendedD D句子讲的是句子讲的是“ “人们期待到人们期待到2121世纪前世纪前1010年时年时, ,国际国际性商业航空交通远远超过当今水平性商业航空交通远远超过当今水平” ”, ,人们现在人们现在就期待就期待, ,而不是将来期待而不是将来期待, ,所以所以A A、B B是错误的是错误的; ;另另外外, ,表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或出现的状态出现的状态, ,应用将来完成时应用将来完成时, ,按句意按句意, ,是指是指extendextend这一动作的完成这一动作的完成, ,所以应该
17、在不定式上体所以应该在不定式上体现出来。根据上述分析现出来。根据上述分析, ,选选D D符合句意要求。符合句意要求。Weadvocatetheeconomic,culturalandreligioustraditionsofallnationalminorities.A.torespectB.toberespectedC.respectingD.havingrespectedC动词advocate后接动名词而不接不定式做宾语。D虽然是动名词,但用其完成式在语义上讲不通。Therearetwohorsesattheendsofaropewithalltheirmightinoppositedir
18、ections.A.pullingB.pullC.pulledD.topullApulling是现在分词在句中做horses的定语,相当于whichpull。TodaytheTennesseeValleyisoneoftherichestareasintheworld.Butifthingsastheywereitwouldnowbeadesert.A.hadleftB.wereleftC.hadbeenleftD.hadbeenleavingChadbeenleft表示与过去事实相反的假设“如果情况还像以前那样”。Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebacko
19、nlyhowhishometownwasdamagedinanearthquake.A.tofindoutB.findingoutC.tohavefoundoutD.tobefindingoutA不定式tofindout做结果状语,有意想不到的含义。不定式表示结果时,用其一般式即可。Relaxation,_freshair,purewaterandcleanfood,isessentialtoasoundmindandhealthybody.A.muchlessthanB.nolessthanC.nomorethanD.anylessthanBnolessthan“与同样(重要)”。全句意为:
20、“放松休息,就像新鲜空气、纯净水、清洁的食品一样,是健康的身心所不可缺少的。”Itisfarbettertodowellabitofworkwhichiswell_alargefortune.A.worthytobedonethanhaveB.worthdoingthantohaveC.worthwhiletodothanhaveD.worthyofdoingthanhaveB Btohavealargefortunetohavealargefortune与与todowellabitofworktodowellabitofwork是并列是并列不定式。另外，不定式。另外，worth,worthy
21、,worthwhileworth,worthy,worthwhile在用法上的区别在用法上的区别是是:(1)worth:(1)worth是介词是介词, ,后接动名词或名词，形成介词短语。后接动名词或名词，形成介词短语。接动名词时接动名词时, ,与主语是动宾关系，其形式是主动的，意义与主语是动宾关系，其形式是主动的，意义是被动的。如是被动的。如:Thebookisworthreading.(2)worthy:Thebookisworthreading.(2)worthy是形是形容词容词, ,置于置于bebe动词后或名词后面动词后或名词后面, ,做后位修饰语做后位修饰语, ,其结构其结构是是:be
22、worthyofdoingsth.,sth.isworthytobedone:beworthyofdoingsth.,sth.isworthytobedone。(3)worthwhile(3)worthwhile是形容词，要与形式主语是形容词，要与形式主语it it并用：并用：ItisItisworthwhiletoreadthebook.worthworthwhiletoreadthebook.worth和和worthyworthy都不能用于这都不能用于这种结构。种结构。Understandingtheculturalhabitofanothernation,especially_conta
23、iningasmanydifferentsubculturesastheUnitedStates,isacomplextask.A.oneB.theoneC.thatD.suchAone指代前面提到的具有泛指含义的可数名词单数,在该句中指代anothernation,句中属于泛指，可见B是错误的。such指代前面讲过的整个情况，多用作主语。that指物时常用来指代不可数名词,指代可数名词时具有特指含义。Whetherornotthenextplanwillyieldanypositiveresults_tobeseen.A.remainB.remainsC.isremainedD.havere
24、mainedBwhether引导名词性从句做主语,谓语动词应为单数。另外，remain一般不用被动式,所以B为正确选项。Ifeveragain_happensanaccidentlikethis,wewillhaveonlyourselvestoblame.A.itB.soC.thereD.thatC这是therebe句型的异化形式，即therebe句型中还可以用be以外的不及物动词，如live,stand,exist,come,remain等。Thestudentsweremuchencouraged_achancetotalkwiththeAmericansinEnglish.A.toge
25、tB.gottenC.tohavegotD.havinggotC句中不定式表示原因:“学生有机会用英语与美国人交谈，很受鼓舞。”所以应用不定式完成式。如果句子用的是一般现在时are,那么选A是对的。Whenapersonisinahappyframeofmind,hemayagreeonthethingthathewonttolerate_whenheisnotintherightframeofmind.A.doingB.todoC.doneD.tobedoneAtolerate要求动名词做宾语,只能选A。RecentlymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldRecentl
26、ymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,inbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,insimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithsimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithphonicandgrammarskillsstill_unablephonicandgrammarskillsstill_unabletounderstandwhattheyread.tounderstandwhattheyread.
27、A.areA.areB.tobeB.tobeC.beingC.beingD.havebeenD.havebeenC动名词being做students的逻辑谓语,相当于studentsbeingunabletounderstandwhattheyread。整个动名词短语做of的宾语，所以只能选C。I_thetrainbutIoversleptthatmorning.A.couldcatchB.mightcatchC.musthavecaughtD.couldhavecaughtD这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，前半部分假设，后半部分真实，因此应选couldhavecaught，意为“我本来能赶上火车的，
28、可是那天早上我睡过头了”。区别这类含蓄虚拟条件句的关键词是but。Itisverykindofyoutodothewashing-up,butyou_it.A.mustnthavedoneB.wouldnthavedoneC.mightnthavedoneD.didnthavetodoDdidnthavetodoit“不用非得洗(碗)”，符合句意。IfyouhavebeengeneroustoapersonforaIfyouhavebeengeneroustoapersonforaperiodoftime,itismostlikelythatthepersonperiodoftime,itis
29、mostlikelythatthepersonwilltakeadvantageofyourgenerosityandtradewilltakeadvantageofyourgenerosityandtradeonyour“weakness”becomeappreciativeofyouronyour“weakness”becomeappreciativeofyourkindness.kindness.A.butnotA.butnotB.letaloneB.letaloneC.ratherthanC.ratherthanD.insteadofD.insteadofCratherthan表示对比
30、，在意思上前后形成对照：takeadvantageofyourgenerosityratherthanbecomeappreciativeofyourkindness意为“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。另外，ratherthan在结构上起并列作用，使takeadvantage与becomeappreciative平行。Apoetmustnotwritefortheagespast,butforinwhichhelivesandthosewhicharetofollow.A.oneB.thoseC.theoneD.thatCtheone替代theage，还原为：butmustwritefo
31、rtheageinwhichhelivesandtheageswhicharetofollow。Thereisadelicatebalanceofnaturemanysquaremilesofoceanandvegetationandcleanairareneededtomaintainonlyarelativelyfewhumanbeings.A.whereB.inwhichC.whenD.howBinwhich在定语从句中做状语，相当于inthebalanceofnature(manysquaremilesof)。Therearecasesnewfactoriesarebeingputup
32、andbeautifuloldtreesaregoingtobecutdownforanewfactory.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenCthat引导case的同位语从句，其他连接词都不合适。Somebodyinthenextroommustbeill,adoctorhasjustcomeout.A.becauseB.forC.inthatD.asBfor连接一个原因分句，对前面的推测做原因上的解释。请考生记住：无论从逻辑推理还是从语法规则上看，只要前面是表示推测的句子，后面大都用for连接后一句，而不用其他连词。Hewouldalwaysignorethefactof
33、suchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.A.theretobeB.therebeingC.itbeingD.therehavingbeenBtherebeing做介词of的宾语，如果是介词for，则用theretobe。Aconvenientwayistosetthefoodonapieceofaluminumoil,totheairforhalfanhour,andthencoveritwithadish.A.letitstayopenB.letitstayedopenC.lettingitstayopenD.lettingitstayopenedC分词短语做
34、伴随状语，形容词open在分词短语中做补语，表示状态，不用过去分词，所以D不正确。Theyuswillinglybutthattheyhappenedtobeshortofhands,too.A.wouldhelpB.wouldhavehelpedC.weregoingtohelpD.musthavehelpedB此句是含蓄虚拟语气句，暗含的假设条件为：iftheyhadnthappenedtobeshortofhands。故应选B。Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatweduri
35、ngtheday.A.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedoneC.mayhavedoneD.musthavedoneCmayhavedone“(不管我们白天)可能做了些什么”，符合句意。shouldhavedone“本该做(但实际未做)”;wouldhavedone表示与过去相反的假设;musthavedone是对已发生的情况作肯定推测。Ifyouaretocatchatrain,itisalwaysbettertobecomfortablyearlythanevenafractionofaminutelate.A.tooB.veryC.muchD.ratherA句中tool
36、ate相当于toolatetocatchthetrain，所以选其他词不合适。ThestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasThestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitislikelytohaveanautomobileaccidentthantheislikelytohaveanautomobileaccidentthanthedriverwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol.driv
37、erwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol.A.notsoA.notsoB.notmuchB.notmuchC.nolessC.nolessD.nomoreD.nomoreDnomorethan“不比更”。此句意为：“研究表明，喝了酒但不过量的司机可能出车祸，不喝酒的司机也同样可能出车祸。”Ifsomeoneisdyingofcancerandbeggingtobeputoutofhisorhermisery,andsomeonegivesthatpersonadeadlydoseofmorphine,thatseemsmercifulcriminal.A.neverthelessB
38、.otherwiseC.orelseD.ratherthanDratherthan起并列作用，使merciful与criminal形成平行结构，表示对比。Whenwearrived,hefoundtheagedandthesickathome.A.nonebutB.noneotherthanC.nothingbutD.nootherthanAnonebut相当于noonebut“只有”，通常接表示人的词;nothingbut接表示物的词;noneotherthan和nootherthan两者的意思都是“(不是别的)正是”，与本题全句意思不。Ihopealltheprecautionsagain
39、stairpollution,aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.A.asB.whileC.afterD.sinceAas在句中是关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词是precautions，其他几个选项都不是关系代词，所以是错误的。MostofisonAmericantelevisionareprogramsdesignedtoappealtopeoplewhogointothesupermarketsandbuytheproductsthatareadvertisedonTV.A.whichB.t
40、hatC.whateverD.whatDwhat是关系代词，引导名词性从句，同时又在从句中充当一个成分，如在本句中做从句的主语，整个名词性从句做介词of的宾语;which只能引导形容词性从句;that引导名词性从句时，只是连词;whatever用在句中不通。Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanthusfar.A.hasgivenB.wasgivenC.beinggivenD.hasbeengivenD时间状语thusfar“到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用，据此排除B、C。比较从句完整的结构应该是thanthethou
41、ghtwhichhasbeengiventhusfar，可以把than看做关系代词在从句中做主语，也可以把主语看做是省略了。Ofgreatsignificancethenation-widemovementistheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnamese.A.tosupportB.forsupportingC.supportingD.ofsupportingA题句由于主语较长，采用了倒装结构，可还原为：thenation-widemovementtosupporttheKampuchean
42、peopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnameseisofgreatsignificance。movement要求不定式做定语，其他选项均不符合语法规则。Manyfarmerscametothecity,jobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunitiesoflifeinthecity.A.lookingforB.tolookforC.havinglookedforD.lookedforAlookingfor分词短语做came的伴随状语，如果选tolookfor做目的状语的话，不该有逗号
43、。ItisrequestedthatanapplicantwhoseItisrequestedthatanapplicantwhoseundergraduateworkisdoneatanotherundergraduateworkisdoneatanotherinstitutiontwocopiesofundergraduateinstitutiontwocopiesofundergraduatetranscriptsanddegreesdirectlytothedeanoftranscriptsanddegreesdirectlytothedeanofthegraduateschool.t
44、hegraduateschool.A.mustsendA.mustsendB.sendB.sendC.aretosendC.aretosendD.needsendD.needsendB动词request要求其主语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词用(should+)原形表示虚拟。该句中that引导的是主语从句。YouherinherofficelastFriday;shesbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.neednthaveseenB.mighthaveseenC.musthaveseenD.canthaveseenDcanthavedone表示对已发生的情况作否定推测
45、“一定不是/没”，根据句意只能选D。Afterpeoplehavelearnedthatmagnetsattractthings,centuriespassed_theytooknoteofthefactthatmagnetssometimesalsorepelthings.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.sinceAbefore应该理解成“(几百年过去了,人们)才”;如果用after应该是aftercenturiespassedtheytooknoteofthefact;如果用until,应该是theydidnttakenoteofthefactthatuntilcentur
46、iespassed。HeisofftoParisagaintomorrow.Hetellsmethat,withthisjourney,he_thereandbacktwentytimes.A.willbeB.willhavebeenC.willgoD.willhavegoneB此句意为：“他明天去巴黎,加上这次,他就去了二十次了。”根据句意,应用将来完成时态。句中有back一词,故D不合适。Manywayshavebeenfound_smallandsimplemachinetoprocesslargeandcomplicatedmachineparts.A.byusingB.touseC.
47、usingD.usedBtouse,不定式短语做way的定语,只是因为定语太长,故将谓语前移,使句子避免头重脚轻。byusing表示方式,做状语用;using为动名词,不能做way的定语,way要求不定式做定语;used,无论从语法结构上还是从意义上都讲不通。Iwalkeddownthecorridor,myfootsteps_frighteninglythroughtheemptydesertedbuilding.A.echoingB.echoedC.toechoD.havingechoedA分词短语做伴随状语,myfootsteps与echo的关系是主动的,因此用现在分词。另外,分词做伴随
48、状语表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生,所以用其一般式。Apartfrompersonalpreferences,socialcontextApartfrompersonalpreferences,socialcontextalsoaffectsbothdirectlyandindirectlythealsoaffectsbothdirectlyandindirectlythemediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoumediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoubecomeexposed.Forexample,othermembersbecomeexpo
49、sed.Forexample,othermembersofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyouofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyou_,andyoubecomeexposedtoit._,andyoubecomeexposedtoit.A.wouldnothaveselectedA.wouldnothaveselectedB.shouldnothaveselectedB.shouldnothaveselectedC.mustnotselectC.mustnotselectD.cannothaveselecte
50、dD.cannothaveselectedA A本句意为本句意为:“ :“除了个人喜好外除了个人喜好外, ,社会环境也会直接社会环境也会直接或间接地影响你使用的媒体和媒体的内容。例如或间接地影响你使用的媒体和媒体的内容。例如, ,家庭的其他成员常常选择的媒体内容你就未必选家庭的其他成员常常选择的媒体内容你就未必选, ,可是你也得使用。可是你也得使用。” ”句中暗含了句中暗含了“ “如果是你如果是你, ,你你就不会选就不会选” ”的意思的意思, ,所以用虚拟语气合适。所以用虚拟语气合适。shouldnothaveselectedshouldnothaveselected表示表示“ “本不应该选本不应该选” ”; ;mustnotselectmustnotselect表示表示“ “一定不要选一定不要选” ”;cannot;cannothaveselectedhaveselected表示表示“ “一定不能选一定不能选” ”, ,过于绝对。过于绝对。只有只有wouldnothaveselectedwouldnothaveselected符合句意。符合句意。
