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1、 组织胚胎学课件组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用七年制英文医学班专用中国医科大学中国医科大学基础医学院基础医学院组胚组胚英文教学组英文教学组 Chapter 4 Cartilage and Bone 1.Cartilage:organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1)structureofcartilagetissue-cell:chondrocyte-cartilagematrixchondrocyte:-Structure:LMembeddedincartilagelacunaperipheralcells:-smallandimmature-single
2、andflattenedcentralcell:-largeandmature,-roundandingroupof2-8cells-smallandroundnucleus-basophiliccytoplasm-EM:richinRERandGolgicomplex*isogenousgroup:severalcellslocatesinonelacuna,whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcellCartilagematrix-groundsubstance:proteoglycan:-sametolooseCT-therearemorechon
3、droitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna-calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)chondronectinwater-fiber: typeand number offiber depends onthetypeofcartilage2)Classification:accordingtothefibera.Hyalinecartilage:lesscollagenousfibriltypeIIcollagenarticularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaand
4、bronchib.Fibrouscartilage:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundlescellsaresmallandlessintervertebraldisc,symphysispubisc.Elasticcartilage:largeamountofelasticfiberexternalear,epiglottis3)perichondriumtwolayers:-outlayer:containmorefiber-protection-innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape
5、)4)growthofcartilage-interstitialgrowth:inner chondrocyte proliferation producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage-appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcellcartilagecell(chondrocyte)producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage2.Bone-consists of bone tissue, periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrow1)Bonetissue
6、Cells:a.osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell-structure:fusiform,smallovoidnucleusslightbasophiliccytoplasmexistinperiosteumandendosteum-function: differentiated into osteoblastandchondrocyteb.osteoblast:-structure:LM:singlelayerofcuboidalorlowcolumnarcellroundnucleusbasophiliccytoplasmlocatedonthesurfaceofb
7、onetissueEM:fineprocessesrichinRER,Golgicomplex-function:.synthesizebonecollagenfiberandgroundsubstance-osteoid.releasematrixvesicle:0.1umindiametermembrane-coatedALPase(Alkaline phosphatase), ATPaseandpyrophosphataseandphosphoester(phospholipid)calcium,crystalofbonesaltandcalbindinfunction:promotec
8、alcificationc.osteocyte-structure:flattenedcellwithmultiplelongthinprocesseslocatedinbonelacunaandbonecanaliculusbasophiliccytoplasmadjacentcellsconnectinbonecanaliculusbygapjunctions-function:Maintainbonematrixregulatethebalanceofcalciumandphosphoniumd.osteoclast-structure:LM:multinuclearlargecell,
9、30-100um6-50nucleiacidophiliccytoplasmlocatedatperipheralpartofboneEM:ruffledborder-processeslightzone:-undertheruffledborder-microfilamentprimarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeRER,mito.andGolgi-function:dissolveandabsorbbonematrixBonematrix-organicmatter:bone collagen fiber -collagenous fiber
10、(typeIcollagen)groundsubstance:glycosaminoglycanglycoproteins:osteocalcin: involve in calcification of boneandregulateabsorptionofboneosteonectin:relatedtoadherencebetweencellandbonematrix,regulatecalcificationofboneosteopontin-inorganicmatter:bonesaltsHydroxyapatitecrystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2pin-shaped
11、10-20nmlongitudinalarranged*bone lamella: bone matrix arranged inlayersatdifferentdirection2)ArchitactureoflongboneLongboneisanorgan,madeupofbonetissue(shaftandepiphyses),periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowshaft:consistsofcompactbonea.circumferentiallamella:/outerconcentrically-arranged/inneraroundinn
12、ersurfaceofboneb.Haversiansystem(osteon):/cylindricstructure,3-5mm/centralcanal:N,BV,CT/Haversianlamella:4-20layersc.interstitiallamella:/irregularlamella/remnantofHaversianorcircumferentiallamella*perforatingcanal:/transversecanal/connectwithHaversiancanalepiphyses:composedofspongybone-trabeculae:f
13、ormedbyparallelly-arrangedlamellaformaspongy-likednetwork-Bonemarrow:hemopoietictissueperiosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane-periosteum:DCTouterlayer:morefiberbundlesformperforatingfiberinnerlayer:richinBV,Nandosteoprogenitorcells-endosteum: thin, a layer of osteoprogenitorcellandCT-function: provide nut
14、rition and osteoblast forbonegrowthandrepairing3)osteogenesisbasalprocesses-formation:osteoprogenitorcellosteoblastosteoidcalcificationosteocyte+bonematrixbonetissue-absorption:osteoclastdissolvebonetissuereconstructionbasalmannera.intramembranousossification:-CTmembraneosteoprogenitorcellosteoblast
15、ossificationcenterbonetrabeculaethickerandlonger-flattenedboneandirregularboneformedinthesemannerb.endochondralossification:e.g.longbone.formationofcartilagemodelMesenchymalcellosteoprogenitorcellchondroblastchondrocytecartilagemodel(consistsofhyalinecartilageandperichondrium).formationofbonecollaro
16、steoprogenitor cell (perichondrium) osteoblastbonetissue* These bone tissue surround the centralsegmentofcartilagemodelascollar-shaped,socalledbonecollar.formation of primary ossificationcenterandbonemarrowcavitychondrocytesofmodelcenterstopdifferentiation, enlarge in size, calcification,deadCT,BVin
17、periosteumenterdegenerating zoneosteoblast, osteoclast,osteoprogenitor cell and mesenchymal cellenter at same timeossificationprimaryossificationcenterprimary bone marrow cavity(spacebetween trabeculae) bone marrowcavity.Formationofsecondaryossificationcenterandepiphysessecondaryossificationcenterap
18、pearsatthetwoendoflongbone(epiphyses)epiphysealplate:cartilagelayerbetween epiphysis and bone shaft, growingzoneFurthergrowthofbone-Becomelonger:bygrowthofepiphysealplatefromepiphysestoshaft,fourzonescanbeseen:i.reservecartilagezone:cellissmall,roundandbasophilicii.proliferatingcartilagezone:cellisflattened,isogenousgroupcellarrangeinsinglelineiii. calcified cartilage zone: cell becomelarge,mature,roundanddegenerated,strongbasophiliciv.ossificationzone:-becomethicker: periosteum cell osteoprogenitorcellosteoblast
