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1、艺术系大学英语艺术系大学英语A级考试翻译专题讲座级考试翻译专题讲座华南师范大学增城学院外语系主讲教师：江文静Business English TranslationLearning objective: Understand what is literal translation. Understand what is free translation. How to apply practical skills to business english translation.Business English TranslationWhat is translation?Translation
2、 is about communication process of information and emotion through cross- language and cross -culture.Translation process :Translation has four important elements that we should pay attention. It includes language transfer, information transfer, understanding transfer, and culture transfer.What is l
3、iteral translation?Literal translation means ：-“ not to alter the original words and sentences.”-“To keep the sentiments and styles of the original.”Business English TranslationFor examples:1 Crocodiles tears 鳄鱼的眼泪2 Armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿3 Chain reaction 连锁反应4 Gentlemens agreement 君子协定5 Paper Tige
4、r 纸老虎6 One country, two systems 一国两制Solutions suitable for literal translationA: total equivalents1. to keep the room clean and tidy保持房间清洁2. to enrich cultural life 丰富文化生活3. under such circumstances 在这种情况下4. to fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼5. to add fuel to the fire火上加油6. to break the record打破记录7. a g
5、entlemans agreement君子协定8. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水9 Revolution emancipates productive forces, so does reform. 革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。Solutions suitable for literal translationB:Though the expressions in two languages are different, we can find the equivalents in the tone of the both languages.
6、1Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled.部分由于日益增长的需求，批发茶价格几乎翻了一番2. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didnt even forget me.我读到他的信时即惊又喜，惊的是他还健在，喜的是他一直没有忘记我Business Engl
7、ish TranslationWhat is free translation?Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. This approach is most frequently adopted when it is really impossible for
8、the translator to do literal translation. Business English TranslationFor examples:1) Adams apple 喉结2) at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟3) It rains cats and dogs (elephants and whales). 大雨滂沱4) Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早5) Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是幼稚可欺的吗？6) a nuclear family 小
9、家庭7) It was an old and ragged moon. 这是一弯下炫残月8) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷 9) He is being a good boy now. 他现在正乖着呢。10) They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.他们拼命奔逃，连吃奶的力气都用上了。Business English Translation11) Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。12) Their la
10、nguage was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence. 他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，都没有顾及到谨慎不谨慎的问题。13) The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。14) Will a duck swim? 当然了，那还用说吗？15) And the shell burst into a million new copies.炮弹炸成了无数碎片。16) She knew I knew and she knew if she got
11、funny Id either ruin the romance or make her marry him, so she was very friendly.她知道我知道她和他的事，她也明白她要是跟我过不去，破坏或成全他们全在我的一念之间。所以 她对我很客气。Business English TranslationPrinciples of translation: Faithfulness, expressiveness, elegant propsed in 1898（信达雅） - 严复 Accurate, smooth, quick （准顺快） -方凡泉Faithful, fluen
12、t, quick （忠实通顺及时） - 仲伟合Business English TranslationMost three skills that we should master during translation:1 Key words 关键词2 Sentence grammar 句子语法3 Sentence environment 句子语境4 Paragraph fluency 段落流畅性Translation ExercisesExercise one:New ideas are an old tradition at Siemens. The company that grew o
13、ut of the original Siemens & Halske is today a highly innovative leader in the world electrical and electronics market. Composed of Siemens AG and an array of domestic and foreign subsidiaries, the contemporary Siemens organization continues to set milestones on the road to progress. Translation exe
14、rcisesSiemens maintains its own production facilities in 35 countries and operates a world-wide sales network. With more than 300, 000 employees, it is one of the largest companies in the world electrical /electronics industry, having recorded annual sales of DM 54 billion in the 1986/1987 fiscal ye
15、ar. Reliable and farsighted management is united with the youthful dynamism and zest for innovation that typify the company.Translation exercises观念创新是西门子公司的一个悠久传统。原来的西门子霍尔斯克公司已经发展成为今天在世界电气和电子市场上富有高度革新精神的领导者。由西门子有限公司和一大批海内外子公司组成的当代西门子公司继续在前进的道路上建起了一座座里程碑。西门子公司在35个国家拥有生产设施并且构建了一个全球性的销售网络。它拥有30多万雇员，是世界
16、电气，电子工业中最大的公司之一。其1986至1987财政年度销售额为540亿德国马克。远见卓识和坚实可靠的管理与朝气蓬勃的活力和改革创新的热情相结合，这就是西门子公司的特点所在。Translation exercisesExercise two:BBC world service is the worlds biggest radio network, with 140 million listeners across the globe, broadcasting in 44 languages, heard on short-wave, medium-wave, FM and satell
17、ite. We have an ambitious plan for the brand new technology of Digital Broadcasting by Satellite, due to start next year. The appearance of the internet has taken us broadcasters all by surprise. Translation exercisesThe internet has enable any radio station anywhere to become an international broad
18、caster with only a minor investment. Although its sounds quality is far from perfect, it excels that of short-wave. Internet radio does not only mean competition but also great opportunities.The BBC is taking the internet very seriously for its a cheap way of getting a reasonable quality signal to p
19、laces in the world that even our short-wave transmitters cant adequately reach. VeryRecently we launched “BBC on-line”, which incorporates a 24-hour news service. And the users can hear programmes in Mandarin, Arabic, Spanish, and Russian.Translation exercises英国广播公司国际广播电台是世界上最大的广播网，在全球拥有1.4 亿听众，可以通过
20、短波，中波，调频和卫星用44种语言进行节目广播。我们有一项雄心勃勃的计划，即明年起使用全新的卫星数码技术进行广播。国际互联网的出现使我们这些广播人措手不及。它可以使位于世界上任何一个地方的广播电台以很小的投资便可成为一家国际广播站。虽然它的音质远非完善，但却胜于短波。互联网电台的出现不仅意味着竞争，同时也提供了机会。英国广播公司非常认真地对待互联网广播一事。因为互联网广播可以用较少的投资将音质不劣的信号传送到短波都无法达到的地区。最近我们开通了一条包括24小时新闻联播在内的BBC在线频道。用户可以接收到汉语，阿拉伯语，西班牙语和俄语的广播节目。Translation exercisesExer
21、cise three:As a result of the productivity survery carried out in the factory , more rapid and more efficient ways of operating are now being applied. In the factory, productivity has been increased by over 50 percent. The management intends to apply these same methods to office staff in order to re
22、duce costs. Our company must adapt in a competitive world. We aim to find ways of avoiding unnecessary actions by all staff. We therefore propose to pay a months extra salary to any person who in the managements opinion has put forward the more practical suggestion to improve a particular office rou
23、tine. All suggestions should be sent to the managing Directors office before the end of the next month.Translation exercises由于我厂进行了生产率的检查，促使厂内普遍采用了更迅速有效的操作方法，现在我厂的生产率已经提高了百分之五十以上。经理部拟在办公室职工中开展同样的检查制度以降低成本。为了适应外部环境的激烈竞争，我们的意图是寻求减少不必要的工作环节的方法。经理部鼓励职工提出改进办公室工作常规的建议，并将给予提出最切实可行的建议者一个月额外工资的嘉奖。请予下月底前将建议提交
24、总经理办公室。Economic News TranslationChina and the US have agreed to set up a “strategic and economic dialogue” mechanism that will have its first meeting in a few months. President HuJinTao and his US counterpart Barak Obama announced in London yesterday. The two sides will host the first round of dialo
25、gue in Washington DC this summer.Hu arrived in London around noon for the G20 summit and his meeting with Obama was the first item on the agenda of his two day stay in London.It is also the first meeting between the worlds biggest debtor and creditor and it has been described by Obama as “productive
26、 and open”. Obama has accepted an invitation from Hu to visit China later this year.On the first day of arrival, President Hu JinTao also met Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown. Economic News Translation参考译文：参考译文：中国和美国达成协议建立策略经济对话机制并决定在近期的几个月举行会议。胡锦涛主席和美国奥巴马总理于
27、昨天在伦敦宣布相关事宜。双方将于今年夏天在华盛顿举行第一轮对话。胡主席于中午到达伦敦参加20国峰会，他与奧巴马总理的会议将是他在伦敦两天会议日程安排之中的首次会议。奥巴马形容在这个世界上两个最大的债务国和债权国之间的对话方式是卓有成效和开放式的。奥巴马已经接受胡主席的邀请于今年年底访问中国。在胡主席第一天到达伦敦的时候他还会见了俄国总理德米特里梅德韦杰夫和英国总理戈登布朗。Culture and Translation The English definition of Culture: It is the totality of the spiritual, intellectual, an
28、d artistic attitudes shared by a group, including its tradition, habits, social customs, morals, laws, and social relations. Sociologically, every society, on every level, has its culture; the term has no implications of high development. Therefore, Learning a language is a kind of learning the cult
29、ure and the habit of the country where the language is spoken.Culture and Translation 文化的大致分类根据美国翻译理论家尤金奈达的分类，文化大致可分为五类：1) Ecology 生态学2) Material Culture 物质文化3) Social Culture 社会文化4) Religious Culture 宗教文化5) Linguistic Culture 语言文化Culture and Translation 8. 2. 2 中英文化差异各种表现形式1) 习语方面的差异：a) 惊弓之鸟 / 谈虎色变
30、 ：A burnt child dreads fire.b) 意外之财 / 一笔横财 ：a financial windfall c) 急风知劲草 ：A friend in need is a friend indeed. d) 千里鹅毛 ：A gift is cheap, but love is dear. e) 钱能通神 ：A golden hammer breaks an iron door.f) 小不忍则乱大谋 ：A handful of patience is worth more than a bushel of brains. g) 星星之火可以燎原 ：A little leak
31、 will sink a great ship. h) 量小非君子 ：A little pot will soon be hot. i) 虎父虎子 ：A wise goose never laid a tame egg. j) 上行下效 ：As the old cock crows, the young one learns. Culture and Translation 2) 谚语方面的差异：a) 小洞不补,大洞吃苦 ：A stitch in time saves nine. b) 新官上任三把火 ：A new broom sweeps clean. c) 一瓶不响,半瓶响叮当 ：An e
32、mpty wagon makes the most noise.d) 冰冻三尺非一日之寒 : An oak is not felled at one stroke. / Rome was not built in a day.e) 肉包子打狗一去不回头 : A dog given a bone who doesnt come back for more.f) 脱裤子放屁多此一举 : To carry coals to Newcastle.g) 天下没有不散的筵席 ：All good things come to an end.h) 莫道身躯小，伟人寓其间 ：A little body ofte
33、n harbors a great soul. i) Business is the salt of life. ：事业是人生的第一需要。 Culture and Translation 3) 修辞方面的差异：a) 过着牛马不如的生活 ：to lead a dogs lifeb) 瘦得像猴 ：as thin as a shadowc) 穷得像乞丐 ：as poor as a church mouse d) 水底捞月 ：fishing in the air e) 四处碰壁 ：be driven from pillar to postf) 忧虑伤身 ：Care killed a cat. g) 对
34、牛弹琴 ：teach a pig to play on a fluteCulture and Translation 4) 句型表现形式方面的差异：a) The Chinese people have already made substantial efforts to protect the giant panda, which is considered to be a national treasure. Nevertheless we are at a critical time for this species. Without immediate and effective pr
35、otection and management of the giant panda and its remaining habitat this will become an increasingly rare sighta loss both for China and the whole world.为了保护视为国宝的大熊猫，中国人民已做出巨大的努力，目前，这一物种在生死存亡的关键时刻。如果不对大熊猫及其仅存的栖息地进行及时而有效的保护和管理，这样的景观势必越来越罕见这对中国和整个世界都无疑是一大损失。（英语主句在前从句在后，而汉语是从句在前主句在后）Cultrue and Transl
36、ation b) Seeing all this, seeing the pig in the cabbages, the tangle of grass in the garden, the broken fence which she had mended again and againthe little woman, hardly more than a girl, sat down and cried.猪闯到菜地里去了，花园里杂草丛生，她修了又修的篱笆又给弄坏了看到这一切，这个比少女大不了多少的小妇人一坐下便啼哭起来。（英语句子里的seeing all this是先总后细说的格式，汉
37、译文采用先分后总的叙说方法，适应于汉语的表意安排。）Culture and Translation 文化与翻译影响译文的质量除了语言因素外，还有文化因素。从社会语言学（socio-linguistics）的观点来看，语言是不能脱离文化的。语际交流实际上也是不同文化之间的交流。文化不同是不可避免的现实，这也是造成有些低劣译文叫人看不懂的原因之一。因此，译者在翻译时应充分考虑到跨文化的转换问题。Culture and Translation同一客观事物，在不同的文化里可以包含不同的价值，引起不同的联想，具有不同的内涵。不少语言都有许多以动物为内容或作比喻的习语，但同一动物在不同语言中的含义是互不相
38、同的。英语民族有爱狗的传统，中国人却崇敬龙。中英民族对于这两种心理反应是不完全相同的，这表现在大量的熟语中，这就要求翻译时必须进行适当的转换。如：a) 望子成龙 long to see ones son succeed in life ；/ long to see ones son become a dragon (i.e. win success in the world)，这是北京外语学院编的汉英成语词典给的两条英译：一条意译，一条直译，但在直译之后仍加了意译或解释，这一增加是必不可少的，因为“龙”给英美人的印象是可怕的，根据他们所熟悉的圣经，“龙”是罪恶的象征，而在中国人心目中“龙”则是
39、神圣、帝王等的象征。Culture and Translation Translation Exercises1. Because of bad government, the company was in the red.由于腐败的政府，公司正处于财政赤字状态。2. True to type he told the parents the whole story.基于尊重事实，他告诉了父母整个故事。3. It was an old and ragged moon.这是一轮残月当空。4.A good teacher should have his head in the clouds some
40、times, but his feet always on the ground.一位优秀的教师应该在千变万化的条件下有主见，但是他必须脚踏实地。5 The harvesters worked into the evening, and then came in and ate like horses.成功者必定日理万机，吃饭狼吞虎咽。Culture and Translation 11. 有事只管来找我。Please ask for me if you need any help.12. 请喝红葡萄酒。Please drink red grape wine.13. 买一送一Buy one g
41、et one free.14. 开业大吉！Good luck with opening up business.Culture and Translation The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked
42、its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to some
43、thing soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.Summary Flexibility of Translation :There are so many differences including culture and grammar between Chinese and English Language, so w
44、e should deal with translation in a flexible way.Core skills for translation:The most three elements that are very important for improving skills in business english translation: how to deal with vocabulary usage, how to deal with sentence grammar and how to deal with international culture.Devide li
45、teral translation and free translation:If we can use literal translation then use it, but if we can not translate original sentences through literal translation, we can use free translation method. Thank you and any Questions?怎样才能译出地道的英语怎样才能译出地道的英语汉译英最切忌译成中国式英语。怎样才能译出地道的英语，这是一个比较复杂的问题。我们应该从语法，惯用法，英语
46、遣词造句的特点等三个方面来探讨这个问题。但最根本的出路还是打牢语言功底，阅读大量英美人的原著，并善于观察，积累，模仿。怎样才能译出地道的英语怎样才能译出地道的英语英语以谓语动词为核心，共有三种核心结构（六种基本句型）英语千变万化的句式都是从这三种轴心结构演变出来的。1 主系表结构表语可以是由名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，分词短语，介词短语，名词性从句担任。How long has man been on earth?Milk turns sour.怎样才能译出地道的英语怎样才能译出地道的英语2 “There be” 结构该结构表示客观存在的“有”这样的概念。在此结构中动词除”be “
47、之外，还可以由seem(appear)to be, seem, appear, stand, lie, get, become, arise, come 等词担任。There is something the matter with the computer. In theory there seems to be no problem in supplying this amount of water. As our national economy and national defence develop, there arise a new demand for communicatio
48、ns.怎样才能译出地道的英语怎样才能译出地道的英语3 主谓宾结构（1）主谓（主语+不及物动词）Wheels turn. (2) 主谓宾（主语+单宾他动词+宾语）Men turn wheels.(3) 主谓间接宾语（动词实施的对象）直接宾语（动词实施的内容）变式：主语+双宾他动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语Cows give us milk .Cows give milk to us.怎样才能译出地道的英语怎样才能译出地道的英语（4）主谓宾宾补结构宾语补足语多由名词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，分词短语，介词短语等担任。Thunder turns milk sour.A knowledge
49、of the properties of substances makes it possible for us to select a suitable material for any given purpose. 怎样译出地道的英语怎样译出地道的英语在上述三种轴心结构中，在有名词出现的地方一般都有可能拓展成名词性从句，动词不定式短语，动名词短语等，这使句子就变得复杂起来。It is very funny his going without saying goodbye to anyone.他跟谁都不说一声就走了，真是奇怪。（主+系+表）I will read whichever book
50、 you recommend.我要看你推荐的任何书。（主语+单宾他动词+宾语）He assured us that we would get the blueprints in time. 他向我们保证会准时拿到图纸。（主语+双宾他动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）怎样译出地道的英语怎样译出地道的英语英语的优势：（1）名词使用频率高。（2）英语的被动式使用频率高。（3）英语由于外形拘谨，语法要求严格，一般来说句子长。（4) 英语的介词，非谓语动词，形容词和独立结构非常活跃。我们在翻译和写作过程中如果不能体现这些优势，那就不可能创作出标准的流利英语。怎怎样译样译出地道的英出地道的英语语思考题什么是地道的英语？地道的英语与中国式英语有什么区别？
