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1、Lets review Restrictive Attributive Clause. (限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)Finish the following sentences.1. He has two sons _ work in the same place. 2. He has two sons, _ work in the same place. whowho3. They gave up the plan _ they worked out yesterday. 4. They gave up the plan, _ was a very good one. that / wh
2、ichwhich 1. 限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句： 从句与主句关系密切从句与主句关系密切, 去掉从句去掉从句, 主主句意义不完整句意义不完整, 甚至不合逻辑。甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited. (去掉定语从句去掉定语从句, 意思就不完整意思就不完整)2. 非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句： 从句与先行词关系不密切从句与先行词关系不密切, 去掉定语从句去掉定语从句, 意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开, 不能不能用用that引导。引导。 e.g. Toms fathe
3、r, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. (who引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句, 整个句整个句 子可分成两句来翻译子可分成两句来翻译)非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 类型型项目目非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句限制性定限制性定语从句从句逗号逗号有逗号有逗号无逗号无逗号that的的应用用不能用不能用that引引导 可以用可以用that引引导which的指的指代特点代特点除指代先行除指代先行词外，外，还可指代可指代句子或句子的句子或句子的一部分一部分只指代先行只指代先行词 类型
4、型项目目非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句限制性定限制性定语从句从句关系代关系代词的的省略省略作作宾语时不能不能省略省略作作宾语时可可以省略以省略与先行与先行词的的关系关系起起补充作用，充作用，去掉后去掉后对句意句意的完整性无影的完整性无影响响起限定修起限定修饰作用，去掉作用，去掉后句意不完后句意不完整整Look at the following examples and tell the differences between the sentences.Example 11. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Sh
5、anghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly.当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用只用_修饰。修饰。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Example 21. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院
6、工作。不止一位姐姐不止一位姐姐只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐1. 限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句与_关系密切关系密切, 是先行词不可缺少的部分是先行词不可缺少的部分, 如果去掉如果去掉它它, 主句意思往往不明确。主句意思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对非限制性定语从句是对_的补的补充或说明充或说明, 去掉它也不会影响主句的去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。意思。先行词先行词先行词先行词Example 31.This is the house (which/ that) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2.2. The house,
7、 which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮这房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。是我们上个月买的。1. 限制性定语从句可以由限制性定语从句可以由_、 _来引导，关系代词作宾来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。语时可以省略。2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰非限制性定语从句既可修饰_,又可修饰又可修饰_, 不可用不可用that引引导且关系代词不可以省略。导且关系代词不可以省略。关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词先行词先行词整个主句整个主句 非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中, 指物时指物时, 用用which而不用而不用that。Football, w
8、hich is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.注意：注意：1 指人时主格用指人时主格用who, 宾格用宾格用whom, 物主物主格用格用whose (也可指物也可指物)。Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher.The Arabs, who are famous for their h
9、orses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.2 关系副词关系副词when(指时间指时间), where (指地点指地点) 也可以引导非限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 注意关注意关 系副词系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句, 应用应用for which引导。引导。He lives in the city, where there is
10、 a high tower.3The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born.I have told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性 定语从句。定语从句。Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much.Her bag, in which she put all her books, ha
11、s not been found.The story about the Long March, of which this is an example, are well written.4 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中, 关系代词有关系代词有 时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词, 而是前面的整个一句话。而是前面的整个一句话。 e.g. The operation was not performed, which may be the cause of her death. 手术没做手术没做, 这可能是她死亡的原这可能是她死亡的原 因。因。5关系代词
12、关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活比较灵活, 可置于主句前可置于主句前, 也可置于主句后。也可置于主句后。常见结构有：常见结构有：as is well known, as we know, as we can see, as we expect。e.g. As I expected, he didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的正如我所预料的, 他不相信我。他不相信我。 Yesterday Mr. Green quarreled with his wife, as seldom happened. 昨天格林先生同妻子吵架了昨天格林先生同妻子
13、吵架了, 他们是很他们是很 少吵架的。少吵架的。6考点一：关系代词考点一：关系代词 / 关系副词引导的非关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句【考例回顾考例回顾】1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that2. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A.
14、which B. whose C. when D. where 3. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that【点拨点拨】1. 答案为答案为B。关系代词。关系代词which引导非限制引导非限制 性定语从句，在此指代前面整个句子性定语从句，在此指代前面整个句子 的内容。的内容。2. 答案为答案为B。customers与与shop之间是所之间是所 属关系，因此用属关系，因此用whose。3
15、. 答案为答案为B。关系副词。关系副词where在非限制性在非限制性 定语从句中作地点状语。定语从句中作地点状语。考点二：考点二：“介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”引导的引导的非非 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 【考例回顾考例回顾】1. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken
16、 more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which【点拨点拨】1. 答案为答案为 C。“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导引导非非 限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句，which指代先行词指代先行词 German, French and Russian。2. 答案为答案为 C。the construction of which 相当于相当于the construction of the museum，表示，表示“博物馆的建造博物馆的建造”。【考点解读考点解读】“介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”在引导非限
17、制性定在引导非限制性定语从句时语从句时, 介词前常可加一些修饰成分介词前常可加一些修饰成分, 构成构成some / all / none / both / many / most / the rest / the first / the number of which / whom结构。结构。e.g. The manager invited a lot of people to the party, most of whom were his classmates.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的非限制性定语引导的非限制性定语从句的区别从句的区别 【考例回顾考例回顾】1. Ted ca
18、me for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as【点拨点拨】1. 答案为答案为D。which引导非限制性定语引导非限制性定语 从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。从句，指代
19、前面整个句子的内容。2. 答案为答案为D。as引导非限制性定语从引导非限制性定语从 句，意为句，意为“正如你们许多年龄足够正如你们许多年龄足够大大 的人记得的的人记得的”。1. Peter danced and sang all evening. 1. Peter danced and sang all evening. People used to think Peter was quiet.People used to think Peter was quiet. Peter, who people used to think was Peter, who people used to t
20、hink was quiet, danced and sang all evening.quiet, danced and sang all evening.Join the two sentences. You need to add commas to most.2. Sharon gave me a picture for my 2. Sharon gave me a picture for my birthday. She had painted it birthday. She had painted it especially for me.especially for me. F
21、or my birthday, Sharon gave me a For my birthday, Sharon gave me a picture (which) she had painted picture (which) she had painted especially for me.especially for me.3. The operation was performed in a 3. The operation was performed in a famous hospital. My grandfathers famous hospital. My grandfat
22、hers hearing improved. hearing improved. The operation, which improved my The operation, which improved my grandfathers hearing, was grandfathers hearing, was performed in a famous hospital.performed in a famous hospital.4. When I went on a tour round China, I 4. When I went on a tour round China, I
23、 saw many historical sites. It was very saw many historical sites. It was very exciting.exciting. I saw many historical sites when I I saw many historical sites when I went on a tour around China, which went on a tour around China, which was very exciting.was very exciting.5. The two traffic acciden
24、ts happened 5. The two traffic accidents happened on the same morning. Then there on the same morning. Then there was a heavy fog.was a heavy fog. The two traffic accidents happened The two traffic accidents happened on the same morning, when there on the same morning, when there was a heavy fog.was
25、 a heavy fog.6. Tang Ling volunteered to help the 6. Tang Ling volunteered to help the welfare house. There she teaches the welfare house. There she teaches the homeless children. homeless children. Tang Ling volunteered to help the Tang Ling volunteered to help the welfare house, where she teaches
26、the welfare house, where she teaches the homeless children.homeless children.7. As far as Im concerned, Anne should 7. As far as Im concerned, Anne should not be going to America next year. not be going to America next year. Her daughter is in my class.Her daughter is in my class. As far as Im conce
27、rned, Anne, whose As far as Im concerned, Anne, whose daughter is in my class, should not be daughter is in my class, should not be going to America next year.going to America next year.8. He went on a bus tour with a group 8. He went on a bus tour with a group of people. Most of them had never of p
28、eople. Most of them had never traveled before.traveled before. He went on a bus tour with a group He went on a bus tour with a group of people, most of whom had never of people, most of whom had never travelled before. travelled before. 1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.
29、 This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that wereDB2. He has two sons, _ are college students. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whomC. both of them D. both of itBC3. He still lives in the
30、 room _ window faces to the east. He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of whichBCAD4. _ we all know, China is rich in natural resour
31、ces. _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources. A. Which B. As C. It D. ThatBBC5. Is this museum _ he visited last month? The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one whoBD1. Finish Ex1, Ex2, and Ex4 on Page 41. 2. Remember the usage of non-restrictive attributive clause.
