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1、Fat-Soluble Vitamins：脂溶性维生素：脂溶性维生素56、极端的法规，就是极端的不公。西塞罗57、法律一旦成为人们的需要，人们就不再配享受自由了。毕达哥拉斯58、法律规定的惩罚不是为了私人的利益，而是为了公共的利益；一部分靠有害的强制，一部分靠榜样的效力。格老秀斯59、假如没有法律他们会更快乐的话，那么法律作为一件无用之物自己就会消灭。洛克60、人民的幸福是至高无个的法。西塞罗Fat-Soluble VitaminsA, D, E, KFat-Soluble Vitaminsfound in fats and oilsrequire bile for absorptionent
2、er the lymph, then the bloodheld and stored in fatty tissuesdaily requirements need not be metmay reach toxic levelsnot readily excretedVitamin A3 forms in the body3 forms in the bodyretinolretinolretinalretinalretinoic acidretinoic acidcollectively known as retinoidscollectively known as retinoidsf
3、ound in food derived from animalsfound in food derived from animalsRetinol, the alcohol formRetinal, the aldehyde formRetinoic acid, the acid formBeta-carotene, a precursorCleavage at this point canyield two molecules of vitamin A*Vitamin Aprecursor: beta-carotenederived from plant foodscan split an
4、d form retinol in intestine and liverVitamin Apromote visionsmall losses of retinalrequires continual replenishmentmaintain epithelial tissue and skinmucous membranessupport reproduction and growthsperm developmentfetal developmentVitamin Adeficiencyinfectious diseasepneumonia, measles, diarrheakera
5、tinizationdry, rough, scaly skinnight blindnessVitamin ADeficiency SymptomNight BlindnessIn dim light, you can make out the details inthis room. You are using your rods for visionA flash of bright light momentarily blindsyou as the pigment in the rods is bleached.With inadequate vitamin A, you do no
6、t recoverbut remain blinded for many seconds.You quickly recover and can seethe details again in a few seconds.Vitamin Atoxicityyellow skin: too much beta-caroteneexcess stored under skin in fatweaken bonesfound incolorful vegetablesliverVitamin A in Selected FoodsRDAformenMicrograms RAEKey:FruitsMi
7、lk and milk productsLegumes, nuts, seedsMeatsBest sources per kcalorieBreads and cerealsVegetablesVITAMIN ADark green and deep orange vegetables (green)and fruits (purple) and fortified foods such as milkcontribute large quantities of vitamin A. Some foodsare rich enough in vitamin A to provide the
8、RDAand more in a single serving.RDAforwomenFood Serving size (kcalories)Vitamin Dbody can makefrom sunlightprecursor made from cholesterolnot essentialproduction occurs in liver and kidneydiseases can affect activationVitamin Dtarget tissueintestines, kidneys, bonespart of the bone-making/maintenanc
9、e teammaintains blood concentrations of Ca & Pdeficienciesultimately creates a calcium deficiencyVitamin Dtoxicitymost common in vitamin Dexcess vitamin D = increase in blood calcium = stones or hardening of blood vesselsVitamin Dsourcesfortified food: milk, margarine, cereals, beef, eggssun10-15 mi
10、nutes several times a weekdark pigmented skin needs more3 hours = 30 minutesstorage from the summer does not last the winterVitamin D Synthesis and LatitudeVitamin Eantioxidantdefender against free radicalspolyunsaturated fatty acidsmay reduce the risk of heart diseasedeficienciesrareerythrocyte hem
11、olysispreemies destruction of red blood cellsVitamin Etoxicityraremay interfere with blood-clotting mechanisms of vitamin Kwidespread in foodeasily destroyed by heat processingVitamin Kaids in blood clottingdeficiency causes hemorrhagic diseasetoxicitynot commonsourcesmade by bacteria in GI tractabs
12、orbed and stored in liver of needsliver is also high in vitamin KVitamin A, D, E, K RecommendationsVITAMIN RDAUPPER LEVELA700-900 ug700-900 ug3,000 ug3,000 ugD5-15 ug5-15 ug50 ug50 ugE15 mg15 mg2000 mg2000 mgK90-120 ug90-120 ugnonenone谢谢你的阅读v知识就是财富v丰富你的人生56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉。库法耶夫57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一次也不善于度过。吕凯特58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。朱熹59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处，只不过是愈来愈发觉自己的无知。笛卡儿60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。左拉
